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FUNDAMENTAL UNITS IN SOCIAL AND HUMAN SERVICES P2

FUNDAMENTAL UNITS IN SOCIAL AND HUMAN SERVICES P2

DR. SA’ODAH BINTI AHMADJPMPK, FEM, UPM

TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSEDTOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED

1. Research Work – Case Study1. Research Work – Case Study

2. Group Work2. Group Work

3. Interaction Between Units3. Interaction Between Units

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LOGORESEARCH WORK – CASE

STUDYRESEARCH WORK – CASE

STUDY Important in SHS to generate new knowledge

and evaluate practice methods to ensure that client systems are understood and adequately served.

Refers to any discipline strategy of inquiry and Sometimes equated with the gathering of facts

Three specific types of research:Disciplinary.Policy.Evaluative.

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LOGO DISCIPLINARY RESEARCHDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH Is the research to expand or modify the

understanding of social, political, economic and psychological processes so that social behaviour can be explained.

Begins with paradigm or perspective to analyse a particular topic.

Sometimes the research process begins with observations.

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LOGO POLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH Is a specialised form of inquiry whose purpose

is to evaluate the reliable and relevant knowledge for public officials and others in the government.

Is structured to identify, assess and evaluate public strategies used to produce end results.

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LOGO EVALUATIVE RESEARCHEVALUATIVE RESEARCH

Is to review the literature generally available.Measures the extent to which a program

attains its goals.Evaluates the effectiveness of the direct work

of workers with clients.Specifically:

Identifying goals.Formulate operational definitions.Demonstrate a causal connection.

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LOGO GROUP WORKGROUP WORK A process and activity that seek to stimulate

and support more adaptive personal functioning and social skills of individuals through structured group interaction.

The development of effective skills in communication & effective problem solving technique is the goal of group work experience.

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LOGO TYPES OF GROUPSTYPES OF GROUPS

Generally, groups may be classified in terms of a specific purpose.

The common types of groups are :1. Recreational skill groups.

To provide for members’ entertainment, enjoyment and experience.

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LOGORECREATIONAL SKILL

GROUPSRECREATIONAL SKILL

GROUPS To promote development of skills within a

recreational or enjoyment context. Tasks are emphasized and instruction is

provided by the resource person for example, a coach.

Examples: Sport groups such as basketball and football.

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2. Educational Groups To transmit knowledge and enabling members to

acquire more complex skills Examples: Language groups such as English,

Japanese language groups.3. Socialization groups To stimulate behaviour change, increase social

skills, self-confidence and encourage motivation. Examples: Motivational groups.

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LOGO CONTINUECONTINUE4. Self-help groups.

To resolve a personal or social problems.Examples: Alcoholics anonymous group, Kelas

Bekas Penagih. 5. Therapeutic groups

Consists of individuals who have difficulty in dealing with emotional problems associated with divorce, alcohol and drug related problems, parent-child relationships problems and others.

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6. Encounter groups.To assist individuals in developing more self-

awareness & interpersonal skills.Many different titles of this group: Training

groups, sensitivity groups and personal growth groups.

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LOGOEFFECTIVE GROUP

DEVELOPMENTEFFECTIVE GROUP

DEVELOPMENT Achievement of group outcomes depends on:Purposefulness: establishment of specific goals,

objectives, direction or intent of the group.Leadership: maintenance of group focus and

integrity, maximum participation of members.Selection of group members: facilitates group

cohesion and performance.Size of group: determine by purpose.

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LOGOSOCIAL WORK AS A

PRACTICESOCIAL WORK AS A

PRACTICE SW include principles of social work practice in

the change process:Assure members’ dignity and worth.Develop group’s purpose and roles.Assess individual/whole group problems,

needs and support.Develop group identity – unique character,

relationship, needs.Develop communication – expression of

feelings and emotions permitted.

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LOGO DISCIPLINARY RESEARCHDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

Plan and implement group activities for constructive interaction, assessment, advancement of group’s purpose.

Prepare for termination.

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LOGO GROUP LIFE CYCLEGROUP LIFE CYCLE Beginning.

Basic orientation and getting acquainted – honeymoon period.

Norm development.Establishing ground rules for operation, beginning

level of trust among group members. Conflict phase.

Members asserting individual ideas.Question group’s purpose .Suggesting to leave the group or disband group.

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Relationship phase.Replace initial conflict with acceptance.Work through conflicts.Deepening relationships.Sharing leadership, task and trust.

TerminationEnding of group.Recognition of the ending of group

experience and personal growth.

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LOGO EVALUATIONEVALUATION Pertinent to professional practice. Focus: Extent to which group objectives are

met. Ongoing or total group process (at the

termination stage). Activities and behaviours related to group

performance.

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Group factors related to personal/group goals and objectives – leadership, resources, changes in group members etc.

Basis for efficiency and better quality of services - maintain rigorous evaluative standards.

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LOGO TERMINATIONTERMINATION

When the establishment groups purposes are achieved.

Related to meeting group goals and members personal goals.

Group aborted due to:Unattainable goals.Dysfunctional behavior of one or more group

members disrupt group’s activities

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Conflict is typical in group development.How conflicts are addressed is important to

individual/ group’s growth and how well the group handles termination.

Worker must be sensitive to needs of group member at time of termination.

Worker must assist group members in phasing out their attachment to the group.

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LOGOINTERACTION BETWEEN

UNITSINTERACTION BETWEEN

UNITS The Relationship Between Helpers and Clients: The process of helping is client orientated as the

helper focuses on assisting clients meet their needs.

Human service helper personal interaction with client and their ability to use professional skills to establish a relation: apply their problem solving skills to address the needs of their client.

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LOGO CONTINUECONTINUE Some of the helpers may not able to meet all the

client’s needs, but they did work actively to connect their clients with other human service agencies.

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LOGO SOCIAL WORK NETWORKINGSOCIAL WORK NETWORKING

Networking is one way that service providers work together to serve clients.

Human service is often called the human service umbrella: involved either directly or indirectly in promoting and reinforcing satisfying, healthy living and community cohesiveness.

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Human service umbrella: 1. As a “bridge” to narrow the gap between

people and systems.2. Another bridging responsibility is to link human

services agencies.

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