C C O O M MP P A A N N Y Y P P R R O O F F I I L L E E A A N N D D S S T T A A T T E E M ME E N N T T O O F F Q Q U U A A L L I I F F I I C C A A T T I I O O N N S S For more information about The ADVENT Corporation’s services, please call us at: Nashville, TN (615) 377-4775 Washington, D.C. (703) 522-9662 Boston, MA (508) 240-2900 Denver, CO (303) 989-3327 Atlanta, GA (770) 552-1783 www.adventgrp.com Innovative solutions to environmental challengs The ADVENT Corporation
Israel OfficeDr. Eli MillerADVENT IsraelP.O.B. 13307Tel Aviv, Israel972-9-955-4046 ph / 972-9-955-3248 [email protected]
Brazil OfficeMr. Luis FedeliADVENT Brazil LimitadaAv. Jabaquara, 1802 - 2° andar04046-300 São Paulo – SP Brazil011-55-1333511414 ph / 011-55-1155947591 [email protected]
ADVENT was formed to provide the very best technical consulting and engineering services in the field of IntegratedIndustrial Wastewater Management. We are a highly responsive organization, dedicated to adding value through aproblem-solving approach to the environmental issues and challenges we and our clients face. Specific serviceareas include:
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• Master Plan Development & Conceptual Engineering• Source Control Plans & Implementation• Technology Evaluations & Selections
• Wastewater Surveys & Sampling Programs• Process Engineering• Bench & Pilot Scale Treatability Testing• In-house Treatability Laboratory
• Project Scheduling• Construction Management• Turnkey Construction Services
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• Performance and Cost Savings Audits• Temporary Staffing for Operations• Operator Training• Startup and Commissioning
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Water Quality Regulations• Prepare State and Federal NPDES Permit Applications• Evaluate Permitting Options• Conduct Training Programs for Water Compliance
Managers
• Develop Comprehensive Work Plans to AchieveCompliance with Permit Limits
• NPDES Aquatic Toxicity Testing (Biomonitoring)• Effluent Toxicity Identification/Reduction Studies• Water Effects Ratio (WER) and Permit Translator Studies• Product Toxicity Testing• Water Quality Assessment Studies• Great Lakes Initiative (GLI) Tier I and II Criteria
• Sediment and Terrestrial Toxicity Testing• Biological Surveys and Habitat Assessments• Threatened and Endangered Species Assessments• Risk Assessments• Wetlands Assessments• Erosion Control Plans (e.g., construction site,
stormwater)
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• Mixing Zone Determination Studies for Lake, River, andOcean Outfalls
• Outfall Structure Design• Ecological Risk Assessment Evaluations• Bathymetric Profiling• Fish, Underwater Video, and Riparian Evaluations• Water Quality Assessment Modeling
• Stream Surveys• Water Quality Studies• Wasteload Allocation Studies Leading to WQBELs• In-situ Water Monitoring• Sediment CharacterizationIN
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• Continuing development of the ADVENT Integral System(AIS)
• In-house resources dedicated to improving & enhancingthe performance of demonstrated wastewater treatmenttechnologies
• Technology evaluations, including testing and costanalysis of new and emerging technologies
The Wastewater Management Department provides highquality conceptual and process engineering, including thefollowing:
- Conceptual design - Process design- Start-up operations support - Operator training- On-site sampling - Desk-top technology evaluations- Bench-scale treatability
testing in laboratory or field- Operations troubleshooting
- Pilot scale treatabilitytesting in laboratory or field
The Wastewater Management Department projects areintegral to the ADVENT’s detailed design, compliance, andecotoxicology work. For example, our treatability testinglaboratory is used to confirm technology selection and thedesign basis, determine achievable performance, anddesign more realistic treatments for toxicity assessments.The combined experience of ADVENT’s Principals, ProjectManagers, and Project Staff in this type of work is over100 years.
The core facility for this group is a 1,600 sq ft treatabilitytesting laboratory, including a 350 sq ft refrigerated samplestorage at ADVENT’s headquarters in Nashville. Ourcurrent workload is typical of our projects:- Four continuous-flow activated sludge bench-
scale units for a pesticide manufacturer.
- On-site pilot testing of sand filtration and granularactivated carbon (GAC) technologies forgroundwater treatment.
- One-stage and two-stage continuous-flownitrification/denitrification bench-scale units for anorganic chemicals plant.
- Batch screening precipitation and adsorption testsfor arsenic removal.
- Continuous-flow nitrification/denitrification bench-scale units for a South American coke plant.
- Startup support for a full-scale GAC systemfor treatment of a process wastewater.
Nitrification/Denitrification Test Unit
Activated Sludge with PAC
Pilot Activated Sludge Systems
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THE ADVENT CORPORATION DESIGN / BUILD EXPERIENCE
The ADVENT Group, Inc. is known throughout industryfor its expertise in process design. Master planning,source control, technology evaluation, and ADVENT’sinnovative problem solving approach have contributedto our success. In years past, our clients did notalways receive complete benefit because subsequentengineering did not fully implement the intendedsolutions. At our clients’ request, we expanded ourengineering capability to better serve them.
ADVENT expanded the in-house capability to developBasic Engineering Design Packages for proposedprojects. This package typically includes process flowdiagrams, piping and instrumentation diagrams,equipment data sheets, general arrangements, and aprocess and control description. With a well-definedproject, an appropriations grade cost estimate can beprepared. Continuing the design process. ADVENTprepares detail construction drawing.
For the preparation of the construction package,ADVENT forms a team to meet the project objectives.This may include teaming with on-site engineering toutilize their site familiarization and minimizeengineering costs. We utilize a number of CADDsystems for drawing development: AutoCad,AutoPlant, and SolidWorks. Our 3-D modelingprovides plant personnel with a visual presentation thatinspires greater interaction.
Many of our designers have plant operation and start-up experience, which give them unique insights intodesigning systems that are operator friendly. Ourclose relationship with construction, including
partnering and design-build, assures that each projectreceives the benefits of value engineering.
Our detail design projects include a variety ofenvironmental areas, such as primary, secondary andadvanced wastewater treatment; water supplytreatment; groundwater remediation; stormwatercollection; off-gas treatment, and river outfall diffusers.
Through our detail design capability ADVENT providesour clients with the assurance that the process integritywill be maintained to achieve their needs andobjectives.
Upgraded existing treatment plantfor pigments and chemicals facilitywith equalization, primaryclarification, new aeration, sludgedewatering and chemical feedsystems.
1999 Conventional activatedsludge
9.5
Formosa Chemical & FibreMailiao, Taiwan
Provided construction oversight,conducted several site visits toinspect the consturction, providedOperations Manual, and conductedonsite and classroom operatortraining.
Installed two, new 1.28 milliongallon activated sludge biologicaltreatment tanks with the ADVENTIntegral Clarifier System (AIS),which can be operated as stagedorganic ornitrification/denitrificationtreatment.
2000 Integrated activated sludge 9
Central SoyaRemington, IN
Converted existing sequentialbatch reactor to continuous flowactivated sludge at a soybeanprocessing facility.
2000 Integrated activated sludge 0.35
THE ADVENT CORPORATION DESIGN / BUILD EXPERIENCE
CLIENT / PROJECT YEAR MAIN TREATMENT PROJECT COSTLOCATION DESCRIPTION TECHNOLOGY (Million $)
Dow-Reichhold LLCKensington, GA
Design and construction forconverting existing activatedsludge treatment facility fornitrification-denitrification for alatex wastewater.
2002 Conventional activatedsludge
0.75
Clearon Corporation SouthCharleston, WV
Designed and installed newmultiport outfall diffuser for treateddischarge to the Kanawha River.
2002 Conventional activatedsludge
0.32
Eastman ChemicalFranklin, VA
Designing and installing a newindustrial wastewater treatmentplant with a new AIS system
2003 Integrated activated sludge 2
THE ADVENT CORPORATION OPERATIONS EXPERIENCE
ADVENT has extensive experience in the design andoperation of wastewater treatment facilities. Projectsummaries for select projects are provided below.
Borden Chemicals, Louisville, KY ADVENT provides theoperations management and technical support for thisfacility. Our staff includes an operations manager and threeoperators. The process units consist of diversion,equalization, primary settling, activated sludge and a plateand frame press for sludge dewatering. Our integratedproject team has also taken the lead on engineeringupgrades of the aeration system, an NPDES permit renewal,and source control planning.
CAMUS, Muskegon, MI ADVENT provided comprehensiveengineering services for the integration of the wastewatertreatment for two organic chemicals manufacturing facilitiesand the recycling of groundwater from an adjacentgroundwater remediation site for use as production water.Conceptual engineering was provided as part of themanagement/legal team effort to gain federal, state, andlocal agency approval of the project. A six-month treatabilitystudy was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of treatingthe combined process wastewaters and confirm processdesign criteria. ADVENT provided preliminary and detailedengineering services for a $9 MM design/build constructionproject. Source control and response plans were preparedfor each industrial user in addition to updating the operationalplans for the wastewater and groundwater treatmentsystems. The wastewater treatment system (1,500 gpm)includes equalization, primary clarification, activated sludgewith PAC, and sludge dewatering. The groundwatertreatment system (500 gpm) includes metals precipitation,UV/ozone oxidation, GAC, and ammonia stripping.
ADVENT operates the two treatment systems and providesmanagement and labor for operations and maintenance. Weare responsible for compliance reporting and routine andnon-routine technical support and budgetary control.
DuPont Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore ADVENT providednine months of on-site engineering and operationsmanagement services to supervise the startup of a newwastewater treatment system for an adipic acid plant. Thetreatment system included anaerobic and anoxic fluidized bedreactors (FBRs), activated sludge, sand filters, and granularactivated carbon adsorption columns. The FBRs are thelargest such installation in the world. ADVENT provided theoperations training for this complex treatment system.
Flexsys America L.P. (formerly Monsanto Chemicals) -Nitro, WV ADVENT provided 13 months of wastewatertreatment plant operations supervision, support, and training.Activities included training operators to perform routine tests,updating and evaluating treatment plant data, standardizingtest methods, improving operational control and stability, anddeveloping the monitoring and sampling programs. Thissystem consisted of equalization, pH control, activated sludge,tertiary clarification, and sludge thickening. At the end of theproject, all aspects of the treatment plant operation hadimproved, and the facility was subject to fewer upsets.
GE Plastics - Grangemouth, Scotland This project beganwith the design of a new treatment facility at this ABS plant tocomply with new, more stringent discharge criteria. ADVENTdesigned a new and unique modification of the activatedsludge process by incorporating an internal clarifier into theaeration basin at this plant. The clarifier is equipped withsludge recycle controls, polymer feed system, and a chlorinefeed system to control filamentous bulking, if needed.ADVENT provided detailed design services on this project.We commissioned equipment, provided all operator training,set up the analytical schedule, trained laboratory personnel onanalytical methods, tracked the plant performance, andoperated the plant for the first ten months after startup. Duringthe ten-month period, ADVENT was responsible for all plantdecisions regarding regulatory and performance criteria.
GE Plastics – Cartegena, Spain GE retained ADVENT todevelop the master plan design basis for wastewater treatmentfor this new, grass-roots integrated plastics production
complex in Spain. This production facility was planned as thelargest plastics plant in the world. The project involvedperforming wastewater surveys at similar GE production unitsin the U.S., projecting design wasteloads through the year2020, developing the design basis and process design andcoordination with the contractor on the detailed design. Afterprocess design work was completed, the project was phasedto allow capital expenditures for treatment based on productionplant growth. ADVENT designed the original treatmentfacilities. ADVENT personnel were on-site for three months tosupervise the WWTP startup and provide hands-on Operatortraining. ADVENT will also design an expansion of therecently started up activated sludge facilities.
Mallinckrodt Chemicals – Dublin, Ireland ADVENTperformed treatability tests, developed the process design, anddeveloped the preliminary engineering design package for thisactivated sludge treatment plant. ADVENT subsequentlydeveloped a comprehensive O&M manual for the treatmentplant at this new facility and supervised the startup of thefacility for two weeks. We conducted classroom and hands-onOperator training during the startup. ADVENT also assisted inobtaining the site use permit and wastewater discharge permitfor this plant.
Monsanto - Sauget, IL ADVENT provided three months ofon-site engineering services to supervise the startup andoperation of a pilot groundwater treatment system. Thetreatment system was comprised of a fluidized bed reactor(FBR). The operations included sampling for nitrated andchlorinated organics.
Solutia Inc. – Decatur, AL ADVENT provides annualtechnical support for a nitrification/denitrification wastewatertreatment system. These services include daily operationsdata review and direction of operations priorities. In the fouryears we have provided this service, plant operations havebeen more stable.
ADVENT evaluated the impact of suspected compounds thatinhibit nitrification. We conducted treatability studies todetermine the impact of suspected inorganic carbondeficiency on nitrification and demonstrated improvedresilience of microorganisms to low temperature shocks withbicarbonate additions. We were able to improve full-scaleupset response due to high loadings by implementingbicarbonate additions and adding sludge from digester.ADVENT also performed in-depth temperature modeling anddeveloped energy balances to develop cost-effectivealternatives to reduce basin temperatures during summeroperating conditions. We determined treatment plantoperating and performance capacity limits, developed aprogram for responding to system upsets, and developedplans for treatment plant and production operations duringupsets. We have implemented a Wastewater ManagementProgram to provide wastewater load management duringWWTP upsets without affecting production.
Solutia Inc. - Trenton, MI ADVENT providedtroubleshooting and operating support to the aerated lagoontype pretreatment system that discharges to the POTW.ADVENT provided technical supervision for the pretreatmentplant for about six weeks following a series of upsets. Aseparate investigation determined that a nutrient deficiencywas the cause of the upsets. ADVENT assisted with the
operation of a temporary nutrient addition system installed bythe client. Subsequently, a permanent system was installed.Since proper control of the nutrients has been achieved, thesystem has not experienced an upset. ADVENT providedfour months of technical support for the POTW in responseto a series of upsets. Six weeks of this support consisted of24-hour coverage.
Superfund Site - Northeast ADVENT provided four monthsof on-site engineering services to supervise the startup andoperation of a pilot groundwater treatment system. Thetreatment system included nitrification and denitrificationfluidized bed reactors, and ferric co-precipitation of arsenic.The chemicals of concern were ammonia, benzene, andtoluene.
Superfund Site - Northeast Wastewater treatmenttechnologies were evaluated to pretreat approximately 3million gallons of on-site contaminated water to meet POTWpretreatment requirements. The treatment system wasdesigned and the installation was completed five weeks afterthe conclusion of a treatability study. The metals/O&Gremoval system consisted of a pH adjustment tank, aflocculator, and settling tanks. To reduce equipmentprocurement, delivery and installation time, and projectcosts, on-site equipment was retrofitted when possible. Anexisting on-site air stripper was upgraded to provideadditional blower capacity. A faster carbon change-outschedule was developed for the existing GAC column andthe existing air stripper off-gas activated carbon treatmentsystem. ADVENT provided technical support, operatortraining, and led operators for three months.
U.S. Steel - Gary, IN ADVENT provides annual technicalsupport to this treatment system in the form of daily review andoperations direction. We thoroughly integrated into theengineering, operations and permitting management of thefacility. ADVENT has provided the following operationalrelated services:
Developed operating manual.
Developed standard operating procedures(SOPs).
Developed and conducted a detailed Operatortraining course that included multiple classroomsessions, field walkdowns and simulations, and“refresher” training after the startup.
Developed a detailed startup plan for the entireplant and major areas.
Provided on-site personnel throughout the four-month biological system startup to assist inoperations, provide field training, interpret labanalyses, troubleshoot, etc..
Performed brief treatability tests during thestartup to evaluate the impact of individualwastestreams as nitrification, assess chemicaladditives, and optimize operating temperature.
The ADVENT Corporation Ecotoxicology Services
ADVENT was formed to provide the very best technical and integrated consulting and engineering servicesin the field of Industrial Wastewater Management. We are a highly responsive organization, dedicated toadding value through a problem-solving approach to the environmental issues and challenges we and ourclients face. Specific service areas include:
Industrial Wastewater Management Regulatory Management Services Detailed Design Engineering / Construction Services Water Resources Engineering Innovative Technology Development Operations Services and Support Ecotoxicological Services
ADVENT’s Ecotoxicology Group provides services in the areas of laboratory toxicity testing andidentification, field biological and water quality assessment, and related consulting services. The followingservices are provided as stand-alone services or in support of interdisciplinary projects:
• Site-specific Translators and CriteriaDerivation
• Great Lakes Initiative (GLI) CriteriaDerivation
• Sediment and Sediment ElutriateToxicity Tests
• Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE)
Fiel
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es • Biological Assessment (Fish andMacroinvertebrates)
• Water Quality and Habitat Assessments
• Endangered Species Assessments• Wetlands Delineation
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• Aquatic Resource Alteration Permitting(ARAP)
• NPDES Permitting Support• Erosion Control Plans• Ecological Risk/Impact Assessment
• Stormwater Endangered SpeciesImpact Assessment
• Site-specific Permit Limit Derivation• Water Effects Ratios (WERs)
For additional information on Ecotoxicology Services,call Scott Hall at (615) 377-4775 x 154 or e-mail [email protected].
These services are tailored to meet client needs on a case-by-case basis; they are offered as stand-alone services or as part of an engineering and/or regulatory compliance study designed to address andmeet regulatory requirements in the most cost-effective and beneficial manner to the client. TheEcotoxicology Group’s laboratory, field, and consulting services and representative projects areoverviewed as follows.
Our Lab is Certified in: LA (#02061), CA (#I-2465), NC, VA, MI, KYAll Test Results Meet NELAP Requirements
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The ADVENT Corporation Ecotoxicology Services
LABORATORY SERVICES
ADVENT operates a state-of-the-art toxicologylaboratory at its facilities in Brentwood (Nashville),Tennessee, which is equipped with temperature-controlled culture and test rooms.
A copy of the ADVENT Standard OperatingProcedures (SOP) document and/or copies of ourUSEPA DMR and reference toxicant data areavailable upon request.
Representative NPDES toxicity testing andToxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) andToxicity Reduction Identification (TRE) clients arelisted in Tables 1 and 2.
ADVENT personnel have conducted numerouseffluent “fractionation” studies as part of TIEs and TREs and have published peer-reviewed articles onthese techniques. Although these techniques utilize some conventional fractionation steps, they focus on“real world” techniques, which could be applied by our wastewater engineers.
Mobile facilities are provided on a case-by-case basis as are field studies, such as on-site flow-through effluent toxicity studies.Testing with less conventional species (i.e.,bluegill, rainbow trout, etc.) has also beenprovided for specialized studies.
ADVENT also offers sediment andterrestrial toxicity testing in support ofecological risk assessments and otherconsulting areas.
FIELD SERVICES
Increased attention is being given toassessing the in-stream effects ofchemicals. With the release of revisedprocedures to assess in-stream biological
conditions (e.g., USEPA 841-B-99-002), state regulatory personnel are adding in-stream monitoringrequirements to NPDES discharge permits and as part of environmental assessments under CERCLAand RCRA. Assessing in-stream biological conditions is often an integral part of determining whetherimpacts due to site contaminants have occurred. Additionally, in-stream biological, water quality, andhabitat assessments are often utilized as part of the NPDES permit negotiation process, or as part ofthe Tennessee Aquatic Resource Alternation Permitting (ARAP) process.
ADVENT has also conducted numerous river, lake, and stream surveys to assess the physical, chemical,and biological conditions at a site. These surveys have been conducted in conjunction with constructingdiffusers, applying for alternative discharge limits, and determining in-stream effects of wastewaterdischarges. Field studies have been conducted for the following clients:
• Allied Signal (Freeport, Bahamas) • Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company• Aluminum Smelter (Confidential Client) • IBP (2 locations)• American Bottoms Regional WWTF • Midwest Steel (Midwest Division, National Steel)
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The ADVENT Corporation Ecotoxicology Services
• Amoco Chemical and Amoco Oil • Monsanto Chemical Company (3 locations)• B. F. Goodrich • Olin Brass• Carrel • SCM Chemicals• City of Franklin, Tennessee • 3M Specialty Adhesive & Chemicals Division• City of Murfreesboro, Tennessee • Upper Duck River Development Authority• Georgia Pacific • Zeneca (formerly ICI Americas)
We have all appropriate equipment to conduct the toxicological and field studies described herein,including:
Various nets, electro-shocking equipment,fluorometers, flow meters,and bathymetric equipment
A state-of-theart toxicology laboratory
Various field equipment for water qualitymonitoring, including hydrolabs, datasondes,
American Bottoms Regional WWTP – Sauget, IL Fathead Minnow, Ceriodaphnia dubia Acute testsAngus Chemical – Sterlington, LA Ceriodaphnia dubia and Fathead Minnow Chronic
TestsAnalytical Industrial Research Laboratories -Chattanooga, TN
Microtox®, Various NPDES Acute and Chronic tests.
Ashland Chemical - Columbus, OH “Pure Chemical” tests with Mysid Shrimp andSheepshead minnow, Acute and Chronic tests.
Atofina - Calvert City and Carrollton, KY Ceriodaphnia dubia, Fathead Minnow, Acute andChronic and Daphnia magna Acute tests.
Bilmar Foods - Zeeland, MI Fathead minnow, Ceriodaphnia dubia Acute andChronic; Daphnia magna 21-day chronic tests.
Coey Tanning - Wartrace, TN Ceriodaphnia and Fathead Minnow Chronic tests.Confidential Oil Company – Midwest Fathead Minnow, Ceriodaphnia dubia Acute and
Chronic, Acute TIE and Chronic Recon. tests.Southern Environmental Testing – Florence, AL Various NPDES Acute and Chronic tests.Springs Industries - Griffin, GA Fathead Minnow, Daphnia, Ceriodaphnia dubia Acute
tests.Tennessee Ready Mix Concrete Assoc. - Nashville, TN Fathead Minnow, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Acute tests.Tennessee Valley Authority Various fish, invertebrates, and algal toxicity tests.Test America, Various Locations Acute and Chronic Fathead minnow and Ceriodapnia.3M - Cordova, IL; Decatur, AL Fathead Minnow Acute tests.UpJohn – New Haven, CT Daphnia magna, Mysid, Grass Shrimp Acute tests.United States Steel Corporation - Gary, IN Fathead Minnow, Ceriodaphnia Acute and Chronic
tests. Acute and Chronic tests w/ midges, snails andamphipods, and 30-day flow-through studies with fish.Rainbow trout Acute tests.
Westlake Monomer – Calvert City, KY Ceriodaphnia Acute tests.Zeneca, Inc. - Bucks, AL Ceriodaphnia Acute tests.Zeneca, Inc. - Mt. Pleasant, TN Fathead Minnow, Ceriodaphnia Acute
and Chronic tests.
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The ADVENT Corporation Ecotoxicology Services
TABLE 2TIE/TRE OR RELATED CONSULTING SERVICES
REPRESENTATIVE CLIENTS
CLIENT TIE AND TRE SERVICES
Ashland Petroleum - Canton, OH; Cattlesburg, Ky; St. Paul Park, MN
Toxicity treatability studies and TIE/TRE, studies.
Atofina – Calvert City, KY TIE, developed protocol for identification of salt as aToxicant.
Confidential Refinery – Midwest Acute and chronic TIE and TRE, Microtox®, andreconstituted effluent testing.
Confidential Specialty Chemical – AL Ceriodaphnia dubia Toxicity Identification Evaluation,Assessments of metal “fate” and toxicity.
Confidential Steel Mill – Midwest Matrix-specific testing to identify role of nitrite andnitrate in causing toxicity to Ceriodaphnia.
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company - Union City, TN Fathead minnow and Ceriodaphnia chronic toxicitycontrol studies (metals). Fish pathogen identificationand permit modifications.
Confidential Client – Wilmington, NC TRE - acute and chronic testing.
Confidential Client - Mt. Vernon, IN Developed Toxicity Reduction Plan; acute testing.
Hess Oil – Virgin Islands, USA Wastewater Management Plan for toxicity control.
ICI Americas - Dighton, MA Evaluated in-plant and end-of-pipe toxicity controloptions.
Midwest Steel - Portage, IN Fish pathogen toxicity identification and control,reconstituted effluent testing, bench-scale toxicitycontrol testing, and permit negotiation.
Monsanto – Nitro, WV Wastewater Management Plan and permit negotiationfor toxicity compliance, treatability/toxicity controlstudies.
3M Corporation - Cordova, IL Toxicity and habitat evaluations for obtaining a mixingzone.
Upjohn – North Haven, CT TIE, TRE with freshwater and saltwater organisms.
US Steel – Gary IN Source Water Toxicity Study.
Westlake Monomers - Calvert City, KY TIE, wastewater/toxicity data correlations, salt/toxicityevaluations.
Zeneca, Inc. - Mt. Pleasant, TN Developed GAC toxicity control measures.
Zeneca Ag Products - Bucks, AL Identified critical toxic wastestreams through bench-scale treatment and resynthesis.
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The ADVENT Corporation Ecotoxicology Services
CONSULTING SERVICES
Endangered Species Assessment, Erosion Control Plans NPDES permits, including multi-sector stormwater permits andconstruction site permits, are increasingly requiring assessments of potential impacts to threatened and endangered species.The construction site permits also require Erosion Control Plans and specific consideration of potentially impactedwaterbodies. ADVENT provides endangered species assessment in support of these and related projects. We also prepareConstruction Site Erosion Control Plans and related Stormwater Management Plants.
NPDES Permit Negotiation and Technical Studies Due to the limited resources of state regulatory agencies, state NPDESpermit writers often are unable to adequately address the site-specific factors relevant to setting appropriate discharge limits.For example, dilution allowances and appropriate wasteload allocations, site-specific water quality characteristic’s effects on achemical’s toxicity, the sensitivity of receiving stream biota, and the appropriate designated uses of the waterbody often are notconsidered. These and other factors can have a profound impact on the discharge limits assigned to a facility. ADVENT hasrepresented numerous industrial clients in NPDES permit negotiations and has designed and conducted supporting studiesto obtain alternative discharge limits (e.g., water effect ratios, translators, resident species criteria, etc.).
We possess a unique combination of personnel with expertise in the regulatory, toxicological, and engineering aspects ofNPDES permitting. ADVENT personnel work as an interdisciplinary team to determine the appropriate site-specific conditionsupon which to base a discharge permit. We have provided NPDES permitting services and supporting technical studies tonumerous clients, including:
• American Bottoms Regional WWTF, Sauget, IL • Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Union City, TN• Amoco, Whiting, IN • Jefferson Smurfit, Alton, IL• Ashland Oil, Catlettsburg, KY and Canton, OH • Solutia Inc, Nitro, WV & Decatur, AL• Borden Chemicals, Illiopolis, IL • SCM, Ashtabula, OH• Confidential Refinery Midwest • U.S. Steel, Gary, IN• Confidential Client, IN • Zeneca (formerly ICI Americas), Dighton, MA• East Chicago Sanitary District, East Chicago, IN • 3M Company, Cordova, IL
Ecological Impact And Risk We have conductednumerous river and stream impact studies and studiesof likely impacts due to proposed actions, such as diffuserinstallation and/or a new effluent discharge. Thesestudies have involved assessments of all levels ofbiological organization (e.g., algae, periphyton,macrobenthos, fish) and have typically been multifacetedstudies, which evaluated biological conditions, habitatconditions, and the concentrations and forms of potentialtoxicants. Assigning or predicting biological or ecologicaleffects to a certain factor is often quite complex and mustconsider not only the current physical, chemical, andbiological conditions at a site, but historical conditions anduses as well. Such studies are, by nature, highlymultidisciplinary and often call for "best professionaljudgment.” For example, even when statistically significanteffects can be identified, these effects are often not“biologically significant.”
GLI Tier I and Tier II Criteria Derivation Under the Great Lakes Initiative (GLI), discharges have the option of developingchemical-specific criteria based on organisms representative of the receiving stream. Criteria derivation is typically conductedfor chemicals for which a small database exists. These chemicals have large “adjustment factors” built-in to permit limitderivation. By developing additional aquatic toxicity data on these chemicals, the adjustment factors are decreased, and morerealistic, yet protective discharge limits are applied. ADVENT has completed one of the few GLI Tier I/II criteria derivationstudies. Testing of several trophic levels, including a 30-day flow-through toxicity study, was recently completed.
Effluent Pathogen Identification ADVENT has been on the cutting edge of identifying the presence of fish pathogens ineffluents. In addition to presenting these data at scientific conferences, we have developed treatment technologies andobtained innovative permit-relief mechanisms for a client with this unique effluent “toxicity” condition. ADVENT has alsodeveloped a database of case studies around the country to document that our unique approaches to this phenomenon arejustified.
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The ADVENT Corporation Ecotoxicology Services
Specialized Interdisciplinary Studies The EcotoxicologyGroup routinely participates in highly interdisciplinary projects toresolve wastewater compliance issues. For example, ADVENTrecently completed a study of cyanide chemistry and toxicity in acoke plant effluent. The study, through testing of warmwaterand coldwater (i.e., trout) species, demonstrated that the freeform of cyanide as measured via the semi-permeablemembrane method was appropriate for determining permitcompliance of cyanide limits. Supporting chemical analysesdemonstrated that, as expected, the metalocyanides in theeffluent were not toxic.
Defining Biological Integrity ADVENT utilizes reference sitemacroinvertebrate data to develop biological integrity andbiological diversity metrics for an inactive mining site. Multiplestreams and various collection methods and habitats have beenassessed in support of regulatory negotiation and criteriadevelopment.
TIE/TRE Services A forte of the Ecotoxicology Group is itsToxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) and Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE) services. The group works closely with thewastewater treatment group in developing practical solutions to effluent toxicity problems. Additionally, toxicology personnelhave published various papers and given numerous talks on TIE/TRE studies at professional society meetings, such asSETAC and WEF. Some of ADVENT’s more recent TIE/TRE studies are summarized in Attachment 1, but they oftenincorporate a very multidisciplinary approach, evaluating both permitting and engineering options. The technical studies oftenincorporate “fractionation” studies to identify key chemical groups causing toxicity, bench-scale treatments to preliminarilyassess treatment options, effluent resynthesis studies to identify key wastestreams causing toxicity, toxicant modeling studiesof salt toxicity, and specific chemical spiking studies.
We have the necessary project experience and personnel to efficiently design and conduct biological and ecological studies todetermine actual or potential effects due to current conditions or risks due to future actions. These projects typically involvefield studies, but can also utilize laboratory studies designed to compliment the fieldwork. In such cases, aquatic, sediment, orterrestrial toxicity tests can be used to determine causality. Descriptions of representative biological impact assessmentprojects conducted by ADVENT personnel are presented in Attachment 1. Examples of past experience in these areas includeassessing the effects of heavy metals on acidic stream fish and invertebrates, assessing the effects of effluents on receivingstream biota, and macroinvertebrate and habitat assessments related to potential diffuser impacts.
Mr. Scott Hall, Manager of ADVENT’sEcotoxicology Services Group, has 15 years ofpost-graduate (MS) research and consultingexperience in the field of aquatic toxicology andimpact assessments and is a CertifiedProfessional Ecologist. His advanced degree isin aquatic toxicology, and he has published over20 peer-reviewed articles on various aspects ofthe fate and effects of chemicals in aquaticecosystems. Mr. Hall has extensive experiencein whole effluent toxicity testing and toxicityidentification and reduction methods and haspublished effluent fractionation protocols andpresented the results of numerous fractionationstudies at professional meetings, as well asteaching related short courses. Additionally, hehas conducted numerous stream and biologicalsurveys and related field studies to determineeffects of chemicals on aquatic life. Mr. Hall hasalso assisted in NPDES permit negotiations onbehalf of industry and in developing andconducting technical studies in support ofobtaining alternative discharge limits. Hismemberships include the Society ofEnvironmental Toxicology and Chemistry’s(SETAC’s) Expert Advisory Panel on WholeEffluent Toxicity (WET).
Ms. Liza Heise has over 10 years ofexperience in culturing and testing freshwaterand saltwater aquatic organisms andconducting water quality and biologicalassessments. Ms. Heise also has experiencein data quality assessment, TIE/TRE studies,biological assessment, and biodegradationand bioaccumulation studies.
Mr. Richard Lockwood has over 15 yearsexperience collecting and culturing fish andconducting biological and water qualityassessments and over 5 years experience intoxicity testing and related wastewatertreatability studies. Mr. Lockwood is alsowell-versed in various water and wastewatertreatment techniques as applied toaquaculture and industrial effluent treatment.He serves as ADVENT’s Quality Control(QC) officer for the toxicology laboratory andis a member of SETAC and WaterEnvironment Federation (WEF).
Ms. Teri Horsley, EcotoxicologyLaboratory Manager, provides supportduring field studies and overseesADVENT’s Laboratory QualityAssurance (QA) program. She hasover 8 years of toxicity testingexperience and is an active member ofthe Society of EnvironmentalToxicology and Chemistry (SETAC).Ms. Horsley has participated innumerous TIE/TRE studies, Phase IAudits, and lead-based paint studies.
Ms. Cheryl Onken, and Ms. KathyRoth also serve the aquatic toxicologygroup as laboratory technicians.
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THE ADVENT CORPORATION ATTACHMENT 1 TIE/TRE & FIELD STUDIES
RECENT TIE AND TRE STUDIES
ALCOA, Warrick, IN On-site pilot treatability studies wereconducted with laboratory TIE efforts to identify a surfactantas the primary source of acute toxicity to the fatheadminnow. Process design parameters for waste treatment fortoxicity control were developed through the pilot-scaletreatability studies. Evaluations of salt and surfactanttoxicity were also conducted.
Chemical Plant, KY ADVENT conducted extensivestatistical evaluations of process flows and quality versuseffluent toxicity as related to TDS-induced toxicity. WithTDS tentatively identified as a causative toxicant, laboratoryTIE studies utilized additions of “major ions” to control waterto mimic effluent constituents. Very similar toxicity resultswere obtained for actual and mock effluent of the sameTDS components. The Salinity/Toxicity Relationship modelalso confirmed these results, as did parallel testing of TDS-sensitive (e.g., Ceriodaphnia) and “TDS-tolerant”organisms (e.g., fathead minnow). Calcium and chloridewere identified as primary toxicants by developing toxicityratios for these constituents.
Confidential Client, AL ADVENT recently completed aTIE/TRE study for a chemical plant effluent exhibiting acutetoxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Studies included effluentfractionation testing, chemical analyses, statisticalevaluations of analytical and operational data, in-plantmonitoring of process waters, chemical additions to effluentto reproduce effluent toxicity via known constituents,investigations into organics-induced toxicity, studies onmetal synergism, and use of alternative test species suchas Microtox and “Daphnia IQ” testing for quick-turnaroundresults. Constituents evaluated were salts (primarilybicarbonate), metals, and organics. A metal, whosecomplex chemistry in this wastewater caused its toxicity,was identified as the toxicant.
Confidential Client, Midwest In addition to evaluating thepossible wastewater treatment plant upgrades needed toachieve water quality-based permit limits, ADVENTconducted a toxicity reduction evaluation at a refinery in themidwest to attain compliance with chronic toxicityendpoints. This involved: a baseline study of acute toxicityand chronic toxicity and the correlation to Microtox®results, a toxicity identification evaluation, a possible end-of-pipe treatment investigation, source control evaluationsand treatment, and optimizing WWTP performance.Extensive effluent characterization and toxicity"fractionation" studies were conducted. Advancedstatistical techniques were also employed to identifysignificant trends between toxicity and chemicalparameters.
Confidential Client, Southeast ADVENT conductedeffluent toxicity tests of key wastewaters at their percentcontribution to the final outfall. Statistical evaluations ofeffluent toxicity levels versus various flow and in-plantwaste stream chemical parameters were used to identifyTDS as the key effluent toxicant to Ceriodaphnia. A primaryand secondary toxicant source were identified.
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Union City, TNCopper and zinc were identified as primary chronictoxicants to Ceriodaphnia in one outfall via standardUSEPA fractionation techniques and supporting chemicalanalyses. In-plant monitoring and re-routing of high-metalswaters resulted in toxicity control. At a second outfall, a fishpathogen was identified as the source of chronic toxicity tofathead minnows. A regulatory allowance for samplefiltration prior to testing was obtained from TDEC for thepurposes of assessing toxicity compliance. Filtration wasshown to remove the pathogen interfering with toxicitytests, and compliance was obtained via this strategy.
HOVENSA, USVI ADVENT recently completed anextensive Wastewater Management Program Plan forHOVENSA, United States Virgin Islands. This programprovided HOVENSA management with a complete waterbalance calculation for the HOVENSA refinery, terminals,and petrochemical complex and a comprehensivewastewater management concept. The comprehensivewastewater management concept included the processdesign of wastewater treatment units aimed to produceeffluent of low aquatic toxicity (marine) and extremely lowTOC. In the future, portions of the effluent, particularlystormwater, will be considered for recycling.
ICI Toxicity Reduction Program, Mt. Pleasant, TNADVENT assisted ICI in an aquatic toxicity testing programusing both Ceriodaphnia dubia and Fathead Minnows astest species. ADVENT developed and confirmed granularactivated carbon treatment as means of reducing thetoxicity of stormwater discharges from this plant. Theprogram was initiated on a quarterly basis to meetspecifications outlined by the NPDES permit.
Flexsys, Nitro, WV ADVENT conducted a comprehensivein-plant survey of production methods and developedrecommended source control procedures to maximize useof the existing WWTP to meet OCPSF-based dischargelimits as well as toxicity limits. Further refinements in thesource control program allowed the raw waste load to bereduced by 30 to 55 percent at source, thus, reducing end-of-pipe costs by $2,500,000. All OCPSF constituents arehandled at source. ADVENT assisted in developing thestrategy and format for new OCPSF BAT NPDES permitnegotiations with State and USEPA personnel and iscurrently providing toxicity testing services and diffuser-related field services in support of negotiating new permitlimits.
National Steel, Midwest Division, Portage, IN A fishpathogen was identified as the primary source of chronictoxicity to the fathead minnow. Through bench-scalestudies, chlorination/filtration and biological treatment weredetermined to be effective treatments for controlling thisagent. Further studies identified the most cost-effectivecontrol measures.
Norandal, USA, Huntingdon, TN Testing of source watersand cooling tower additives identified key sources oftoxicity, which were then re-routed to obtain compliancewith NPDES limits for effluent toxicity.
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THE ADVENT CORPORATION ATTACHMENT 1 TIE/TRE & FIELD STUDIES
TIE, Westlake Monomers, Calvert City, KY ADVENTconducted effluent toxicity tests of key wastewaters at theirpercent contribution to the final outfall, supporting thesetest data with statistical evaluations of effluent toxicity levelsversus various flow and in-plant wastestream chemicalparameters to identify TDS as the key effluent toxicant toCeriodaphnia dubia. A primary and secondary toxicantsource were identified.
Toxicity Reduction Plan, Monthly Bioassays, NPDESPermitting, IN Monthly acute toxicity tests were performedfor a confidential client in Indiana to satisfy NPDESbiomonitoring requirements. To identify toxicity caused bythe dissolved salt present in the plant effluent, ADVENTdemonstrated that the "apparent toxicity" observed in theundiluted effluent was caused by salt. We then assistedthe client in relocating the effluent sampling point. Thesampling approach was developed based on an effluentdispersion study performed by ADVENT using fluorescentdyes to delineate effluent mixing characteristics. Thefacility has decreased the sampling frequency to a quarterlytesting schedule based on a successful series of tests.ADVENT also prepared a Toxicity Reduction Plan to satisfyNPDES permit criteria. The plan outlined a methodicalapproach to toxicity identification and reduction at thefacility in the event that toxicity is observed in the plantdischarge to the Ohio River.
RECENT FIELD STUDIES AND ECOLOGICALASSESSMENTS
Aquatic Habitat and Mixing Zone Assessment - EastAlton, IL An aquatic habitat assessment and dyedispersion study were conducted to characterize the habitatand mixing characteristics of the Mississippi River nearEast Alton, Illinois. The study was conducted in support ofefforts to obtain a multiport diffuser. Sediment samplingand characterization were conducted, as was anassessment of the mussel community in the area. Thediffuser was subsequently obtained.
Aquatic Habitat and Mixing Zone Assessment -Cordova, IL A mixing zone and aquatic habitatassessment was conducted in support of efforts to obtain asubmerged diffuser for a large industrial discharger to theMississippi River. Sediment characterization,macroinvertebrate sampling, an assessment of the musselcommunity, and dye dispersion studies were performed.The diffuser was subsequently constructed.
Aquatic Resource Alteration Permitting ADVENTprovided field biological and water quality, as well asmitigation support measures for a rock quarry expansionand stream relocation in east Tennessee. Endangeredspecies assessments and determinations of the presenceor absence of wetlands were also provided.
Ecological Risk Assessments, NY The potentialecological risk of organic sediment chemicals to variousorganisms was assessed at a site for three PRPs. Datafrom reviews of toxic levels of the chemicals, fate andtransport of the chemicals, and receptor organisms
(sediment and higher trophic levels) were compiled todetermine possible impacts.
Ecological Assessments, Freeport, Grand BahamaIsland In May of 1995, Allied Signal, Inc. (then SyntexPharmaceutical Company) contracted ADVENT and V.I.Marine Advisors, Inc. (VIMA) to document the physical,biological, and chemical character of the insular shelf nearan outfall west of Freeport, Grand Bahama Island. Thisinitial survey created a baseline assessment in anticipationof a joint discharge with a neighboring Uniroyal facility.Four radial transects near the Allied Signal/Uniroyal diffuserand a single control transect 300m to the east that wereestablished in 1995 were re-surveyed in 1997, 1998, and1999 as part of a continued long-term ecological monitoringprogram. All gorgonians, sponges and corals larger than 2centimeters were counted in 220 individual square meterquadrats along the transects. In addition, in-situ water-quality measurements and sediment samples were takennear the diffuser and at the control site. Statisticalcomparisons of the numbers of organisms were conductedfor the various years of the study.
Diffuser Effluent Dispersion Studies - Decatur, AL (2);Nitro, WV ADVENT conducted evaluations of thedispersion of effluents in the Tennessee and KanawahRivers to determine the allowable mixing zone and diffuserconditions for achieving toxicity and other water quality-based discharge limits. The evaluations involved field datacollection (e.g., Hydrolab and Price AA current meter) formeasuring flow, channel depth, conductivity, density,temperature, and pH for determining plume buoyancy andother modeling parameters. Water samples were alsocollected for laboratory analyses to verify in-fieldmeasurements. Computer modeling and dispersionassessments were performed using UDKHDEN andCORMIX2 models to obtain a range of dispersionestimates. Final reports were submitted to and approvedby the respective regulatory agencies.
Electroschocking, Gill Netting of Rough Fish - Warrick,IN Rough fish were removed from ash ponds to reducesediment agitation and resuspension. Effluent TotalSuspended Solids (TSS) levels were elevated due toagitation by dense populations of rough fish. Fish removalwas achieved via intense electroshocking and gill netting.
Field Derived Bioaccumulation Factor - IN ADVENTpersonnel worked with Great Lakes Environmental Centerlaboratory personnel to develop a field-derivedBioaccumulation Factor (BAF) for benzo(a)pyrene (BAP).The project objective was to re-derive the Human HealthCriteria for BAP using BAP data for fish, water, andsediment samples collected from the Grand Calumet River,Indiana. ADVENT field personnel duties includedcoordination of job logistics and safety with client staff,assistance in collection of fishes, sediments, and water,and field preparation of the samples for shipping andlaboratory analysis.
Fish Tissue PCB and DDT Assessments, Tullahoma,TN ADVENT conducted water quality surveys, habitatassessments, and fish collections to determine PCB andDDT concentrations in edible portions fish from three
10
THE ADVENT CORPORATION ATTACHMENT 1 TIE/TRE & FIELD STUDIES
trophic levels. Gill netting and electroshocking (day andnight) were used to obtain the necessary specimens.Samples of edible tissues from two “top carnivores” and“bottom-dwelling” species were prepared following USEPAmethods for pesticide and PCB assessments.
Macroinvertebrate Biocriteria Derivation Ongoingstudies are assessing the role of habitat and samplecollection method on various macroinvertebrate communitymetrics. Biological Integrity and Biological Diversityperformance goals will be negotiated for the site. Biologicalmetrics will be used in support of ecological riskassessments and reclamation monitoring.
Macroinvertebrate and Water Quality Assessment -Crossett, AR Macroinvertebrate collection, water qualitymonitoring, and habitat assessments were conducted overa 90-days to determine the effects of a pulp and paper milleffluent on water quality and biological conditions in theOuachita River. Various field meters were used to assessroutine water quality parameters and artificial substrateswere used to sample macrobenthos.
Macroinvertebrate and Habitat Assessment - Sauget, ILAn aquatic habitat and macroinvertebrate assessment ofthe Mississippi River was conducted in support obtaining amultiport diffuser for a large wastewater treatment facility inSauget, Illinois. Sediment collection and characterizationand macrobenthos sampling and classification wereperformed. The diffuser was subsequently installed.
Macroinvertebrate and Fish Assessments ADVENT hasconducted other benthic macroinvertebrate and fishassessments for clients in Tennessee, Indiana, and Illinoisin support of NPDES permit requirements and studies toevaluate potential in-stream impacts of chemicals andbiological agents such as fish pathogenes. These studieshave been both qualitative and quantitative in nature.
Sediment Sampling and Analyses - Texarkana, TXSediment sampling and analyses were conducted at awood preserving facility in Texas to determine ifconstituents from the facility's hazardous waste site wereentering nearby creeks. Creosote and other polyaromatics,as well as pentachlorophenol, were associated with the site.A sediment sampling plan was developed and implementedunder guidelines set forth by USEPA Region VI and theTexas Water Commission.
Wetlands Delineation, MS Wetlands delineation serviceswere provided for a developer for a property beingconsidered for a golf course and hotel complex. A two-dayfield effort was necessary, and a report and wetlands mapprepared for the client.
Wetlands Determinations Wetlands determinations weremade as part of 10 Environmental Assessments conductedfor the US Army Corps of Engineers at Fort Campbell,Kentucky. At a minimum, determinations consisted of siteevaluations and review of US Fish and Wildlife Servicewetlands maps. An in-depth field evaluation wasconducted for one site with marginal wetlandscharacteristics. A Corps of Engineers wetlands specialistprovided field confirmation of ADVENT’s work and findings.
THE ADVENT CORPORATION CHEMICAL INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE
ADVENT personnel have extensive experience in the designand operation of wastewater treatment facilities for thechemical industry. Some of the main areas of investigationinclude: water quality surveys, treatability studies, design andmodification of wastewater treatment and sludge handlingfacilities, in-plant waste source reduction, and processoptimization. A partial listing of projects is provided in theattached table and project summaries for the most recentprojects are provided below.
Angus Chemical - Sterlington, Louisiana ADVENTpersonnel originally designed this large denitrification, aerobicBOD removal, and nitrification plant in the early 1980's andlater evaluated the plant for upgrade, which would provideconsistent year-round nitrification. Alternate biological systemconfigurations and temperature control methods weredeveloped to achieve this objective.
Borden Chemicals and Plastics - Illiopolis, Illinois Wedeveloped a preliminary engineering design package andprovided detailed design services to add denitrification facilitiesat this activated sludge plant. Denitrification was added toreduce secondary clarifier operating problems, reducechemical additions, and minimize aeration needs. The aerationsystem was also being upgraded to improve transfer capacityand a high-strength ammonia waste was equalized to minimizecyclic loads on the treatment plant. ADVENT assisted in theplant operations and permitting and provided the designengineering services associated with this upgrade.
DuPont Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore ADVENT providedsix months of on-site engineering services to commission anew wastewater treatment system for an adipic acid plant. Thetreatment system included anaerobic and anoxic fluidized bedreactors (FBRs), activated sludge, sand filters and granularactivated carbon adsorption columns. The FBRs are thelargest such installation in the world. We provided on-site start-up expertise and operating training for this complex treatmentsystem.
E. I. Du Pont DeNemours & Company - Wilmington,Delaware ADVENT worked with Du Pont personnel to performa corporate-wide biotechnology evaluation at all Du Pontmanufacturing plants in North America employing a biologicaltreatment process. These facilities were compared to state-of-the-art facilities for the organics chemical industry. The reviewincluded paper audits of all 25 plants and intensive site visits at6 locations. The site visits included review of design andoperating data, compliance history, discussions with plantpersonnel on operation and maintenance of these systems,evaluations of possible alternate technologies, anddetermination of methods to improve operations and reducecosts. Based on this work, we concluded that some plantswere designed and operated consistent with state-of-the-artfacilities, but potential improvements could be achieved atseveral facilities. Du Pont is considered implementation of thefindings on a case-by-case basis.
Flexsys America L.P.- Nitro, West Virginia ADVENTconducted a comprehensive in-plant survey of productionmethods and developed recommended source controlprocedures to maximize use of the existing WWTP to meetOCPSF limits. Further refinements in the source controlprogram allowed the raw waste load to be reduced by 30-55percent at source, thus, reducing end-of-pipe costs by
$2,500,000. All OCPSF constituents are handled at thesource. ADVENT assisted in developing the strategy andformat for new OCPSF BAT NPDES permit negotiations withState and EPA regulators. We designed and installed a high-rate multi-port diffuser to disperse the effluent in the KanawhaRiver and negotiated a mixing zone to develop new permitlimits for the discharge. ADVENT is now involved in a plant-wide sewer system/source control upgrade project to installnew above-ground sewers and minimize pollutant discharges.
GE Plastics - Burkville, Alabama ADVENT developed themaster plan design of the treatment plant for this grass-rootsproduction plant. The WWTP was designed to accommodateproduction of 120 MM lbs/yr (Phase 1 Production). The initialmaster plan incorporated the flexibility for conversion to anactivated sludge facility to handle future expansion and to beupgraded/retrofitted for 360 mm lbs/yr and pending BATregulations involving the control of toxic discharges towaterways. ADVENT completed a wastewater treatment plantoperating manual, conducted a training program, and assistedin startup of the plant. Following Phase 1, GE decided toincrease production, thus ADVENT developed the design basisfor the expansion. Again, work involved treatability tests,process design, and design review.
GE Plastics - Cartagena, Spain GE retained ADVENT todevelop the master plan design basis for wastewater treatmentfor this new, grass-roots integrated plastics production complexin Spain. This production facility was planned as the largestplastics plant in the world.
The project involved performing wastewater surveys at similarGE production units in the U.S., projecting design wasteloadsthrough the year 2020, developing the design basis andprocess design and coordination with the contractor on thedetailed design. After completing the process design work, theproject was phased to allow capital expenditures for treatmentbased on production plant growth. We designed the originaltreatment facilities and are now involved in design of a newactivated sludge plant incorporating the ADVENT IntegralClarifier.
GE Plastics - Cobourg, Ontario This project involvedupgrade of the treatment plant to achieve new discharge levels.Work included process definition, aeration system design andinstallation, and operator training and assistance. ADVENTprojected wasteloads and coordinated the installation ofequipment to upgrade the facility.
THE ADVENT CORPORATION CHEMICAL INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE
GE Plastics - Grangemouth, Scotland This project involvedthe design of a new treatment facility at this ABS plant tocomply with new, more stringent discharge criteria. ADVENTdesigned a new and unique modification of the activatedsludge process by incorporating an internal clarifier into theaeration basin at this plant. The clarifier is equipped withsludge recycle controls, polymer feed system, and a chlorinefeed system to control filamentous bulking, if needed.ADVENT provided detailed design services on this project.This facility has operated since 1993 and has become the GEstandard for activated sludge design.
GE Plastics - Mt. Vernon, Indiana A major upgrade of thismajor industrial treatment plant was performed by ADVENT toprovide BAT treatment and to accommodate a majorproduction expansion. The design BOD load was 44,000lbs/day, and the flow rating was also upgraded. Of particularconcern was the design of the biological system to removephenol from influent levels of several hundred mg/L to meetdirect discharge OCPSF limits of less than 29 ug/L. Over a six-month period, ADVENT performed extensive pilot-scaletreatment tests. Test work indicated that a two-stage airactivated sludge system provided superior performance andafforded cost savings as compared to complete-mix activatedsludge or a pure oxygen activated sludge system. This systemwas equivalent to an activated carbon facility. New facilitiesincluded solids contact reactor clarifiers (2 at 125 ft in diameter)for control of heavy metals, equalization tanks (2 at 5 mil galeach) were added to replace a large raw waste surfaceimpoundment, aeration basins with Wyss diffusers (2 basins at1.5 mil gal each), a new final clarifier (125-ft in diameter tomatch the existing 3 units) and a sludge dewatering (two, 2-meter Andritz belt presses) and incineration facility was added.ADVENT coordinated with AWARE Engineering and Fluor-Daniel on this project. Also, ADVENT trained operators,provided startup assistance, and still provides troubleshootingand minor upgrades for the plant.
In another project, ADVENT conducted an O&M cost review ofthe plant and subsequently designed a metering system for anavailable pure oxygen supply to meet aeration demands. Thissystem has a payback of about 1 year and provides significantoperating savings. In 1995, ADVENT began another upgradeprogram to support additional production growth at this site.This included a detailed operator training program and designof new facilities. The new facilities included the addition of afifth secondary clarifier, conversion of three of the existingsecondary clarifiers from hydraulic take-off to Towbro units,increasing the sidewater depth on these three units from 10 to12 feet, a hydraulic upgrade to 10 mgd, addition of powderedactivated carbon storage and feeding facilities to convert to aPACT process, and an effluent disinfection system andchloroform removal upgrade.
Huntsman Chemicals - Various North America LocationsADVENT provided operational troubleshooting at Huntsmanactivated sludge facilities in Georgia, West Virginia, andQuebec, Canada. Work included site visits, specificoperational recommendations, and operator training at onefacility. Physical upgrades were recommended at one facility,including additional equalization, adding additional aerationbasin capacity, and modifying the secondary clarifier.
Huntsman Chemicals - Ribécourt, France ADVENTdesigned a new AIS activated sludge process for this plant in
1995. The design included a 175,000 gal aeration tank and a700 sq ft integral clarifier. A coarse bubble diffused air systemwas provided. ADVENT had all equipment fabricated in theU.S., shipped to the site, and supervised or performed theinstallation.
ICI Americas - Dighton, Massachusetts In 1990-1991,ADVENT conducted an extensive project to develop treatmentrequirements for this dye manufacturing plant. Majoremphases were placed on end-of-pipe treatment upgrades,source control and pretreatment, receiving stream water qualityevaluations, and toxicity reduction measures. The treatmentplant was upgraded, selected wastes were pretreated, theeffluent was routed from a freshwater creek to a nearbybrackish river estuary, and an outfall diffuser was installed. Weconducted on-site waste survey and treatability evaluations,performed TRE/TRI biomonitoring tests, developed the processdesign for the upgrade, and provided heavy assistance inpermit negotiations for the plant. Since the upgrade facilitieswere constructed, the plant performed well and achievedcompliance with all discharge limits, including aquatic toxicity.
Mallinckrodt Chemicals - Raleigh, North Carolina Thisproject involved treatability testing, process design, and start-up of treatment facilities to nitrify and denitrify a pharmaceuticalplant wastewater. Test work indicated a 4-stage activatedsludge system with anoxic-aerobic-aerobic-anoxic zones forcomplete ammonia and the nitrate removal was the most cost-effective. The new treatment system, constructed based onADVENT process design, provides excellent treatment for thishigh strength wastewater (COD of 20,000 mg/L and TKN of1,000 mg/L). Effluent NH3-N levels of less than 2 mg/L andNO3-N levels of less than 25 mg/L are maintained. Deepaeration tanks with subsurface aerators were designed toconserve heat losses and maintain a suitable nitrifier populationin cold winter conditions. The two-stage aerobic treatmentprocess provided stable performance. ADVENT conducted thetreatability and process design work and developed andpresented an operator training course to train new operators,provided startup assistance, and now provides periodictroubleshooting during nitrifier upset conditions.
Mallinckrodt Chemicals - Dublin, Ireland ADVENTperformed treatability tests, developed the process design, anddeveloped the preliminary engineering design package for thisactivated sludge treatment plant. We subsequently developeda comprehensive O&M manual for the new treatment plant andstarted up the facility. A local firm in Ireland developed the
THE ADVENT CORPORATION CHEMICAL INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE
detailed design drawings. ADVENT also assisted in obtainingthe site use permit and wastewater discharge permit.
Monsanto Chemical Company - Alvin, Texas ADVENTperformed extensive treatability investigations for a deep-wellwithdrawal. The project included evaluations of activatedsludge nitrification and denitrification, as well as steam strippingof ammonia, advanced precipitation technologies for removal ofcomplexed heavy metals, and process and cost evaluations ofthe many treatment alternates developed for these complexwastes. Due to high capital costs, this plant was notconstructed. However, in 1991-92 ADVENT developedupgrade requirements for the existing surface water dischargeplant to meet OCPSF discharge limits for TSS. Pilot tests wereconducted, and a tertiary clarifier was added. ADVENTperformed the preliminary engineering design work forsubsequent final design by an on-site engineering firm.
Monsanto Chemicals - Cincinnati, Ohio ADVENTdetermined causative factors for high effluent TSS, maderecommendations for source controls, and developed newWWTP operational strategies to meet OCPSF limits withoutsubstantial capital expenditures at this plastics plant.Comprehensive source control and treatability investigationswere performed on-site. Aerator floc shearing was found to bethe primary causative factor. After rearranging the aeratorconfiguration, reliable compliant performance was achieved.
Olin Chemical Company - Lake Charles, LouisianaADVENT worked as process consultant to develop the designbasis for this new treatment plant. We performed sourcecontrol evaluations and on-site treatability tests, developed theprocess design, and reviewed preliminary design work.ADVENT is now developing the design of biologicaldenitrification facilities to reduce nitrates from a new productionsource.
Olin Chemicals - Maracaibo, Venezuela ADVENTperformed an evaluation of existing treatment facilities at twosister plants in Venezuela and recommended that a combinedtreatment, single facility be created to take advantage ofsynergistic wastewater effects and improve overallperformance. The keystone of the upgraded single facility wasthe conversion of an aerated lagoon to activated sludge, whichwas cost-effectively done by installing an AIS integral clarifierunit. This elliptical 1,000 sq ft unit allows activated sludgetreatment of the 200,000 gpd high-strength flow. The facilitywas installed and started up in late 1995 and has performedvery well.
Rohm & Haas - Deer Park, Texas ADVENT conducted batchtreatability studies to determine the feasibility of anaerobicpretreatment of a new 50 gpm wastestream containing 160,000mg/L COD in the Acrylic Acid plant. The new wastestream wasexpected to contain acetic acid, acrylic acid, formic acid,formaldehyde, and toluene and contribute approximately96,000 lb COD/day to the east wastewater treatment plant(WWTP). Although all of these compounds are degradableby properly acclimated anaerobic sludge, the combination ofthese compounds and the high concentrations expected inthe wastewater were of concern due to potential toxicity toanaerobes. Thus, Rohm and Haas requested ADVENTperform anaerobic screening tests to evaluate the feasibilityof anaerobic treatment on this new wastestream. The resultsof the preliminary investigations indicated that anaerobicpretreatment, designed to achieve 90 percent COD removal,with aerobic polishing would be the most cost-effectivetreatment technology for the new 50 gpm wastestream.
Two types of anaerobic screening tests or assays wereperformed to determine the degree of anaerobic degradabilityand the treatment potential of the new wastestream: 1)Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP); and, 2) AnaerobicToxicity Assay (ATA). A total of 70 assays were conducted:16 BMP; 48 ATA; and, six controls. The following conclusionswere developed from the anaerobic screening tests:
- Greater than 90 percent of the COD in the wastewater canbe anaerobically bioconverted to methane.
- Recycle of the treated effluent to dilute the feed can allowacclimation to 1/40 dilution, provided full-scale effluentquality is comparable to results described herein.
- Anaerobic treatment readily acclimated to the presence ofthe wastewater even with influent concentration of 266 mg/Lformaldehyde and 330 mg/L acrylic acid.
- Anaerobic treatment exceeded a 90 percent efficiency tomethane at a 1/40 dilution.
- Formaldehyde demonstrated 50 percent inhibition of themethane gas production at a concentration of approximately250 mg/L although it can eventually be completely degradedanaerobically.
- Acrylic acid demonstrated 50 percent inhibition of themethane gas production at a concentration of approximately200 mg/L, but it can also be completely degraded inanaerobic treatment.
- Isopropyl acetate showed negligible toxicity atconcentrations up to 5,000 mg/L. At 10,000 mg/L, a lag inmethane gas production was noted for 200 hours followed byan uninhibited methane gas production rate.
- Maleic acid showed no toxicity at concentrations up to10,000 mg/L and furthermore is readily bioconverted tomethane.
- Toluene was not toxic at a concentration of 800 mg/L, norwas it biodegradable in anaerobic treatment.
In summary, the new wastestream was determined to be anexcellent candidate for anaerobic treatment.
Shell Chemical Company - Point Pleasant, West VirginiaADVENT completed the second major upgrade of thetreatment plant at this polyester resin complex. The upgradeaccommodated a production expansion that increased theCOD wasteload to 60,000 lbs/day and involved an assessment
Olin Chemicals -Maracaibo, Venezuela
THE ADVENT CORPORATION CHEMICAL INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE
of anaerobic treatment of selected wastes in conjunction withactivated sludge polishing as compared to straight aerobictreatment. ADVENT upgraded the one-stage activated sludgesystem in 1990 by adding subsurface aerators and recyclingsludge to an equalization basin to create a two-stage system.We completed preliminary engineering design drawings anddocuments and an AFE grade capital cost estimate for aninterim upgrade of the treatment plant to improve performanceand accommodate additional wasteloads. This work consistedof new equalization and activated sludge aeration tankfacilities. On-site pilot tests of the UASB anaerobic treatmentprocess were successfully performed. We also assisted withNPDES permitting work for this facility.
Solutia Inc.- Decatur, AL Currently, ADVENT providesannual technical support for a nitrification/denitrificationwastewater treatment system. These services include dailyoperations data review and direction of operations priorities.In the four years we have provided this service, plantoperations have been more stable.
ADVENT evaluated the impact of suspected compounds thatinhibit nitrification. We conducted treatability studies todetermine the impact of suspected inorganic carbondeficiency on nitrification and demonstrated improvedresilience of microorganisms to low temperature shocks withbicarbonate additions. We were able to improve full-scaleupset response due to high loadings by implementingbicarbonate additions and adding sludge from digester.ADVENT also performed in-depth temperature modeling anddeveloped energy balances to develop cost-effectivealternatives to reduce basin temperatures during summeroperating conditions. We determined treatment plantoperating and performance capacity limits, developed aprogram for responding to system upsets, and developedplans for treatment plant and production operations duringupsets. We have implemented a Wastewater ManagementProgram to provide wastewater load management duringWWTP upsets without affecting production.
In 1999, ADVENT evaluated the impact of suspectedcompounds that inhibit nitrification in production areawastewaters. In late 1998 and early 1999, we responded to atreatment plant upset and performed a treatability study todetermine the impact of suspected inorganic carbondeficiency on nitrification; demonstrated improved resilienceof microorganisms to low temperature shocks withbicarbonate additions; and were subsequently able toimprove full-scale upset response due to high loadings byimplementing bicarbonate additions and adding sludge fromdigester. In early 1998, we performed in-depth temperaturemodeling and developed energy balances to develop cost-effective alternatives to reduce basin temperatures duringsummer operating conditions. Installing surface aerators inequalization basin has allowed plant to operate withintemperature limits for nitrification. No further hightemperature upsets have occurred.
In 1997, ADVENT determined treatment plant operating andperformance capacity limits, developed a program forresponding to system upsets, and developed plans fortreatment plant and production operations during upsets;developed a Wastewater Management Program to providewastewater load management during WWTP upsets withoutaffecting production; developed load reduction plan to
systematically shutdown production areas during severeWWTP upsets; provided assistance during summer 1997WWTP upset. Treatability testing demonstrated that hightemperatures in the aeration basin caused the upset and asimilar upset in summer 1996. ADVENT also evaluatedpotential impact of new production area wastewater onWWTP operations and performance. Treatability testsshowed little overall impact, except for increased causticusage for pH control.
Tennessee Eastman Company - Kingsport, TennesseeADVENT reviewed the treatability data and preliminaryengineering design drawings (as prepared by Black & Veatch)for one of the largest treatment plants of its kind in the UnitedStates and provided overview to Eastman on the design basisand the design. Key design parameters included a flow of 20mgd and a BOD load of 300,000 lbs/day. The design includedequalization, neutralization, activated sludge treatment, andsludge dewatering. This treatment plant was built to replace anearthen lagoon treatment system. Large above-groundaeration basins were constructed that employed a uniquecoarse-bubble aeration system design. ADVENT thencoordinated with the contractor on the final design portion ofthis project.
Texas Eastman Company - Longview, Texas ADVENTworked with AWARE Engineering (of Houston, Texas) and hada major role in the design development, pilot system design,review and conduct of the 1-year long pilot testing program,and preliminary and detailed engineering design of this majornew treatment plant. This treatment plant was also built toreplace an earthen lagoon treatment system. The designincluded primary oil and solids removal, equalization, activatedsludge, final filtration, and sludge handling. Dr. Adams ofADVENT had a major role in wasteload definition, pilot systemdesign, review and direction of the pilot program, establishingthe final process design for the treatment plant, and in review ofthe engineering design work. ADVENT project personnelprovided support by assisting in pilot data summaries, conductof the pilot filter testing, and performing various otherevaluations.
THE ADVENT CORPORATION CHEMICAL INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE
FACILITY TYPE PRODUCT OR WASTESTREAM TREATED PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Organic Chemical Producer • Acrylonitrile• Imino-di-Acetate• NTA• di-Phenol Octyl Phthalate• Linear Alkyl Benzene• Formaldehyde• Sodium Tartaric Succinate
• Conducted treatability studies. Examined single-stage, two-stage, anoxic,and anaerobic biological systems. Included exotic metals removalsystems. Reviewed all BAT technologies.
• Conducted on-site treatability studies to determine degradability of newproduct(s). Recommended modified operation of WWTP to accommodateincreased load.
• Evaluated causes and corrective actions to reduce effluent TSS to OCPSFBAT permit levels.
• Investigated tertiary coagulation-precipitation, tertiary filtration, and dualpolymer addition ahead of secondary clarifiers.
• Developed process design for tertiary clarifier.• Performed treatability testing examining nutrient impacts, and developed
detailed engineering design of tertiary clarifier.ChemicalProducer
• Butyl Vinyl Acetate Resin • Conducted on-site treatability studies to improve operation of WWTP.Included unique configurations of WWTP to avoid filamentous growth.
• Developed in-plant wastewater characterization program aimed toward in-plant control of troublesome constituents. Included development anddesign of source control systems.
• Developed source control systems for polyvinyl alcohol and acetatecompounds. Conducted confirmation performance tests on-site.
• Oversaw installation of full-scale implementation of ADVENT 1987recommendations during period of poor WWTP performance. Plantresponded by coming into compliance within 2-3 days.
• Conducted comprehensive in-plant survey of production techniques andmethods. Recommended source control procedures to maximize use ofexisting WWTP to meet OCPSF.
• Developed extensive in-plant source characterization program. Conductedprogram on-site over 4 weeks. Evaluated source control technologies:peroxide, carbon, stripping, permanganate, solvent extraction and resins.Developed sludge handling program for existing and inventoried sludges.
• Further refined source control program to reduce raw waste load by 30-40% at source, thus, reduced end-of-pipe costs by $2,500,000. AllOCPSF constituents handled at source.
• Furnished full-time on-site WWTP operator to start up new treatmentfacilities, train operators on activated sludge, sludge handling, and workon source control with production personnel.
• Assisted in developing strategy and format for new OCPSF BAT NPDESpermit negotiations with State and Region III EPA.
• Developed rationale and monitoring methodology for allocating cost ofWWTP operation to specific production areas. Method of allocation wasspecific to impact of each area on WWTP performance. Includedindividual production area responsibility for contribution to aquatic toxicity.
• Performed extensive treatability testing to reduce end-of-pipe aquatictoxicity. Activated carbon adsorption selected as technology.Recommended several operational/maintenance items to be addressed toimprove WWTP Performance.
• Conducted pilot-scale testing of carbon adsorbers to verify toxicitycompliance. Compliance was verified, and improved WWTP performancewill reduce carbon costs by 30 to 50 percent (0.5-1.0 M$/yr).
• Source control program to reduce phenolic, chlorinated and nitratedcompounds. Worked with production personnel to reduce and pretreatspecific compounds to meet OCPSF in-plant at source. Conductedcomprehensive treatability tests and design confirmation studies.
• Conducted carbon column design studies with high salt (30%) and hightemperature (75-90 °C).
Organic ChemicalProducer
• Herbicide• ABS
• Conducted R&D biodegradation investigations on new herbicide productsto determine fate in biological WWTP. Conducted pilot carbon isothermand column tests along with sand/coal filtration.
Organic ChemicalProducer
• Herbicide• Phenol Sulfonic Acid• Based Resins
• Conducted treatability studies for compatability of new sulfonewastewater. Developed improved herbicide removal stability using seriesoperation.
• Assisted in improved aeration design upgrade.Organic Chemical
• Carl Adams was key expert witness in lawsuit against the plant.• Developed wastewater management program to handle chlorinated
phenols. Proposal RFP requested screening treatability study to examinetechnologies: solvent extraction, resin adsorption, carbon adsorption, wetair oxidation, peroxide oxidation, biological, biological with PAC, chlorineoxidation. Developed cost-effective source control program to eliminatechlorine discharge to sewer.
• Performed treatability study including assessment of toxicity impacts todetermine effect of changing pH adjustment method WWTP from lime tocaustic to reduce sludge disposal costs.
THE ADVENT CORPORATION CHEMICAL INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE
FACILITY TYPE PRODUCT OR WASTESTREAM TREATED PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Organic ChemicalProducer
• ABS • Performed wastewater characterization and treatability studies to assesscausative factors in poor WWTP settleability. Source controls wereidentified to reduce flow (20%), solids loading (10%) and organic loading(15%). Floc shearing was found to be most serious caustic factor in poorsettleability, subsequent attention to this (operating surface aerator indifferent configurations) has allowed improved settleability with no capitalexpenditure.
• Developed effluent diffuser design modeled performance.
Organic ChemicalProducer
• Acrilan• Nylon
• Toxicity reduction evaluation. Developed source control reductionsversus end-of-pipe treatment plant expansion.
PetrochemicalFacility
• Maleic Anhydrate • Developed source control extraction system for Maleic Anhydraderecovery. Performed anaerobic pilot plant studies.
PharmaceuticalProduction
• Acetic Acid• Methanol
• Developed source control means to recover acetic acid. Developedbiological treatment alternatives.
ChemicalProducer
• Benzene • Developed extensive in-plant source control program. Evaluated sourcecontrol program, which includes steam stripping and oxidation.
SyntheticFuel Production
• Methanol • Recovered methanol using ion exchange operation. Evaluated sourcecontrol strategies and biological treatment.
ChemicalProducer
• Phenol • Developed means to recover phenols using resin. Evaluated source controlstrategies and biological treatment.
THE ADVENT CORPORATION IRON & STEEL INDUSTRY
ADVENT personnel have extensive experience in the design and operation of wastewater treatment facilities for the iron and steel industry.Water quality surveys, treatability studies, design and modification of wastewater treatment and sludge handling facilities, in-plant wastesource reduction, and process optimization are some of the main areas of previous investigations. A partial listing of projects is provided inthe attached table. Project summaries for select projects are provided below.
Bethlehem Steel, U.S. Steel, National Steel, Inland Steel, and LTV Steel (Northwest Indiana Steel Association) ADVENT performed awater quality assessment for these northwest Indiana steel companies in the late 1980’s to determine the impact of then-proposed newIndiana water quality standards. The review indicated that the newly proposed regulations would have a significant impact on the steelmanufacturing industry in this area by requiring major capital spending programs to upgrade wastewater management programs and toconstruct new treatment facilities. The evaluation was conducted by performing an in-depth review of the new regulations, by auditing andinspecting the existing wastewater management programs at each steel mill, developing upgrade requirements potentially applicable to eachsite based on the newly proposed regulations, and developing capital and operating cost estimates for the potentially new facilities. Theanalysis showed capital expenditure of greater than $500 million would be required without a commensurate improvement in environmentalquality. As a result of this work, the proposed water quality regulations were modified to better reflect reasonably attainable water qualitygoals.
Companhia Siderúrgica Paulista (COSIPA) - Cubatão, São Paulo, BrazilADVENT assisted COSIPA in developing an advanced wastewater managementprogram to comply with new regulatory requirements in an expedient, cost-effective manner. Of special concern was the reduction of ammonia and totalcyanide to the new regulatory limits. This consisted of a major retrofit/upgrade tothe existing WWTP and included new process water equalization and surgestorage, retrofitting existing primary and tertiary clarifiers for fluoride and cyanideprecipitation, additional aeration basin capacity, and a nitrification/denitrificationprocess incorporating the AIS Integral Clarifier. ADVENT is now involved in aturnkey design/build project with US Filter do Brasil and Chester Engineers. A mid-2002 startup is expected.
Geneva Steel - Orem, Utah ADVENT performed an audit of the newwastewater treatment plant at the coke works at Geneva Steel. The new
nitrification/denitrification plant was inspected and data were analyzed to evaluate operational performance. As a result of this visit, severaldesign and operational features were noted and potential improvements were recommended.
Ispat Inland Steel – East Chicago, Indiana ADVENT has performed numerous water quality management projects including NPDES permitrenewal negotiation, thermal mixing zone analyses, and watershed TMDL technical assistance. ADVENT has also provided process designreview for a slag granulation facility WWTP, including provisions for breakpoint chlorination.
United States Steel, LLC - Clairton, Pennsylvania ADVENT performed an evaluation of the aeration system at the coke plant wastewatertreatment plant (WWTP) in 1995 and 1996. The WWTP includes two, 3.5 mil gal activated sludge aeration basins equipped with surfaceaerators. It is necessary to add steam to the aeration basins to maintain desired biological system operating temperatures. In order to reducesteam consumption, an evaluation of replacing the surface aerators with a new subsurface diffused air system was performed. It wasdetermined that a new course bubble diffused air system could be used to replace several of the existing 150 hp fixed mount low speed unitsand greatly reduce steam additions. The new aeration grid could also be installed wet, greatly reducing basin down time. New blowers couldbe installed near the basin to complete the project. ADVENT is now planning to perform wastewater alpha tests and conduct final evaluationsbefore beginning detailed design work.
United States Steel, LLC - Gary, Indiana ADVENT was retained in 1995 todevelop the design for a 300 gpm process wastewater flow from the Coke Plantat the USS Gary Works site. Through an extensive program of technologyevaluations, bench and pilot testing, and cost analyses, a treatment approachwas developed. The treatment system consists of oil and tar removal,equalization and surge storage, free ammonia removal in a steam distillation still,and an activated sludge nitrification/denitrification process incorporating the AISIntegral Clarifier. ADVENT developed the process and preliminary engineeringdesign packages, self performed and/or directed the detailed design, and workedwith a team of construction contractors in a partnering arrangement with USS tostream line work effort and reduce project costs. The new treatment plant,including the AIS system, was started up in late 1998-early 1999. ADVENT alsoprovided NPDES permitting assistance for this discharge from the second largestcoke plant in North America, including a site specific effluent limit for cyanidebased on resident species in the receiving stream. ADVENT also providedcomplex permitting and regulatory work for the dredging project on the eastbranch of the Grand Calumet River. As part of this project ADVENT simulatedgranular activated carbon treatment in the laboratory to develop effluent limits. Startup and operational related services provided by ADVENTincluded:
- developed operating manual- developed standard operating procedures (SOPs)- provided on-site personnel throughout the four-month biological system
startup to assist in operations, provide field training, interpret lab analyses,troubleshoot, etc.
- developed a detailed startup plan for the entire plant and major areas
- developed and conducted a detailed operator training course that includedmultiple classroom sessions, field walkdowns and simulations, and“refresher” training after the startup
- performed brief treatability tests during the startup to evaluate the impact ofindividual wastestreams as nitrification, assess chemical additives, optimizeoperating temperature
AIS Reconfiguration ofexisting basins
COSIPA, Cubatão,São Paulo, Brazil
THE ADVENT CORPORATION IRON & STEEL INDUSTRY
FACILITY PROJECT TYPE
AK Steel Ashland, KY - Coke plant WWTP cost estimateAlabama By-Products Birmingham, AL - Coke plant WWTP design
Conshohocken, PA - Coke plant WWTP operations troubleshooting assistanceBethlehem Steel Company Chesterton, IN - Wastewater regulatory impact analysisChattanooga Coke Chattanooga, TN - Coke plant WWTP DesignColorado Fuel & Iron Pueblo, CO - Treatability study and process design of coke oven wastewater
treatment system w/ provisions for nitrificationCOSIPA Steel Cubatão, Brazil - Assist in developing advanced wastewater management program to
comply with new regulatory requirements for NH3-N and CN;Development of process and preliminary engineering designpackages
IPSCO IA - NPDES Permitting - WQBELSIspat Inland Steel Company East Chicago, IN - Wastewater regulatory impact analysis; WWTP process designKobe Steel, LTD. Tokyo, Japan - Due diligence reviewLTV Steel Company East Chicago, IN - Wastewater regulatory impact analysis; GCR TMDL Work Group
Cleveland, OH - Conceptual design for new biological wastewater treatment facility toreplace existing physical/chemical plant . Troubleshooting andoptimization study of physical/chemical treatment system for cokeoven wastewater.
Warren, OH - Treatability study and process design for coke oven WWTPAliquippa, PA - Process design on treatment plant, including stills and dephenolizerPittsburgh, PA - Pilot study on nitrogen removal from effluent of dephenolizer
MacSteel Jackson, MI - WWTP upgrade for zinc and oil & grease removalNational Steel Corporation Portage, IN - Wastewater regulatory impact analysis; TIE/TRE; Technology
Evaluations; Mixing Zone EvaluationEcorse, MI - Mixing zone evaluation/diffuser design; TIE/TRE; Technology
EvaluationsU.S. Pipe Birmingham, AL - Coke plant WWTP design; Ammonia stripper/cyanide designUnited States Steel, LLC
Gary Works Gary, IN - Coke plant treatability/Pilot Study/New WWTP Design, Site-wideNPDES permitting and compliance assistance; "Dense sludge"clarifier modifications; WWTP operational assistance; GCR TMDLWork Group; Comments on proposed regulations; Public meetingsand hearings
Clairton Works Clairton, PA - WWTP aeration system review/costs and lime use evaluationPittsburgh, PA - Assistance with GCR dredging project; PDF treatability; 401
Certification; NPDES permittingFairfield Works Birmingham, AL - Evaluation of Finishing Mills Wastewater Treatment PlantFairless Philadelphia, PA - Comments on draft NPDES permit; ELGs
Weirton Steel Corporation Weirton, WV - Mixing zone evaluation/diffuser designWheeling Pittsburgh Follonshee, WV - Optimization study for cyanide removal in existing biological
treatment plantWoodward Iron & Steel Birmingham, AL - Coke plant WWTP design
THE ADVENT CORPORATION PETROLEUM REFINING EXPERIENCE
ADVENT personnel have extensive experience in the design and operation ofwastewater treatment facilities for the oil and refining industry. Water qualitysurveys, treatability studies, design and modification of wastewater treatmentand sludge handling facilities, in-plant waste source reduction, and processoptimization are some of the main areas of previous investigations. A partiallisting of projects is provided in the attached table. A project summary for themost recent projects is provided below.
Amoco Oil Company, Whiting, Indiana To achieve stringent water quality-based discharge limits, ADVENT performed a WWTP facilities upgradeassessment including provisions for advanced tertiary treatment units fororganics, heavy metals, and dissolved salts control for this 28 mgd plant.Specifically, ADVENT developed process designs and cost estimates foractivated carbon treatment, with subsequent salt removal by multi-stage reverseosmosis/electrolysis units. The management of the new solid waste from thissystem, the brine from the salt removal units, would be converted into a dry saltcake for landfilling using an evaporator, crystallizer, and centrifuge system. Theperformance of the existing activated sludge system was upgraded to includeheavy metals control using hydroxide and sulfide precipitation before the presentdual-media downflow filters. Additional facilities for heavy metal co-precipitationwere also included. Alum addition for phosphorus removal was included in frontof the secondary clarifiers. Additional secondary clarification was included forincreased process stability. Expanded sludge handling facilities were designed,including additional metals removal and dewatering using filter presses. Inaddition to evaluating the possible wastewater treatment plant upgrades neededto achieve water quality-based limits, ADVENT conducted a toxicity reductionevaluation at the facility to attain chronic toxicity endpoints. This involved abaseline study of acute toxicity and chronic toxicity and the correlation toMicrotox® results, a toxicity identification evaluation, end-of-pipe treatmentinvestigation, source control evaluations and treatment, and optimizing WWTPperformance. ADVENT has also provided assistance in design and permitting ofa high-rate multi-port effluent diffuser for effluent dispersion in Lake Michigan.Extensive aquatic impact studies have been performed to support this effort.
Ashland Petroleum - Canton, Ohio ADVENT completed wastewater treatabilityinvestigations to determine how to improve the performance of the existingactivated sludge facility. Parameters of concern included aquatic toxicity, heavymetals, phenolics, cyanides, and conventional parameters such as BOD, CODand suspended solids. ADVENT completed the wastewater treatability andprocess design work in 1990. Also, ADVENT completed the preliminary anddetailed engineering designs, including the development of bid packages andevaluation of vendor quotations. Further, ADVENT assisted Ashland indeveloping a training manual for the wastewater treatment plant and conducted atraining course which addressed the operation of the entire treatment facility. The$8 million upgrade project at this 1,500 gpm plant involved upgrading the existingDAF and equalization units, retrofitting the existing surface aerated aerationbasins with supplemental coarse bubble diffused air aeration, and adding newfinal filters and activated carbon columns to polish the effluent. This systemcame on line in mid-1992 and is in full compliance with all discharge parameters.Carbon usage rates are lower than expected due to the improved removals in theDAF and aeration systems, which were not included in the pilot tests conductedfor this project.
Ashland Petroleum - Catlettsburg, Kentucky A process evaluation andwastewater treatability investigation were performed to determine upgraderequirements for the existing activated sludge system. The operation andperformance of the existing treatment facilities were reviewed, anticipated futurewasteloads after expansion and other modifications in the refinery complex weredetermined, and several activated sludge system upgrade options were identified.Treatability testing including toxicity reduction investigations have beencompleted and facility enhancement measures have been selected forengineering design.
Ashland Petroleum - St. Paul Park, Minnesota ADVENT developed the designof a new treatment plant to replace earthen basins, which were closed in early1994. The site was constrained by a very limited land area and was subject toextremely cold winter conditions. An evaluation was performed, and submergedbiological contactors (SBC) were selected and designed for this 2,000 gpmupgrade. ADVENT assisted in on-site pilot evaluations of the SBC process. Thecomplete upgrade design included a new DAF system, additional equalizationand stormwater surge tanks, and the SBC system. The SBC system wassuccessfully started up in January 1994 and has performed well.
ExxonMobil – Chalmette, Louisiana ADVENT performed extensive pilot-scale treatment investigations at this refinery as part of a new above-groundactivated sludge system to replace the existing earthen basin system. A 10-gpm pilot plant was built and operated for 3 months in Chalmette during 2001.The pilot plant took feed after the existing API separators and consisted of anequalization tank, an induced air flotation unit, and an ADVENT Integral
Clarifier activated sludge system (AIS). Peripheral equipment included pumps,polymer and chemical feed systems, a chiller to cool the AIS feed, sludgewastage tanks and pumps, and a trailer to house on-site lab and operationsequipment. The AIS was designed and operated in a anoxic-aerobic mode toaccomplish denitrification, nitrification, and clarification in the single AIS pilottank. A submerged effluent weir and clarifier skimming system weredeveloped for testing at this application. The pilot plant was operated byADVENT personnel over a 3-month period to determine allowable organic andnitrogen loading rates, the effects of summer operating temperatures onnitrification, the effects of alternative anoxic recycle rates to achieve virtuallycomplete NO3-N reduction, and impacts of stormwater, organic spills, and oilspills on the biomass. A comprehensive pilot plant report was issued thatdeveloped the design basis for a new above-ground system.
HOVENSA - United States Virgin Islands ADVENT performed an extensivewastewater characterization study and a continuous-flow treatability study toevaluate the feasibility of activated sludge treatment for the refinerywastewater. The wastewater characterization study was designed to providesource characterization, as well as to evaluate the performance of the existingprimary and secondary treatment facilities at HOVENSA's three wastewatertreatment plants.During the study,ADVENTinvestigatedoperational andmaintenance issuesassociated with theexisting treatmentsystems. Based onthe findings of thewastewatercharacterization andtreatability studies,ADVENT prepareda conceptual designand a budgetarycost estimate($35MM to meetregulatoryrequirements,$58MM to providefurther performanceand flexibility) for a consolidated above-ground wastewater treatment systemthat addressed operational, maintenance, and regulatory concerns. Theconsolidated treatment system capitalized on the availability of existing tanksand equipment to reduce cost and to simplify operational and maintenancerequirements. The consolidated approach provided equipment redundanciesand future expansion capabilities, while achieving superior performance to thethree existing treatment plants. Concurrent to the characterization study,ADVENT also assisted HOVENSA in their TPDES permit renewal.
Valero Refining – Paulsoboro, NJ ADVENT conducted an evaluation of therefinery wastewater management program at the Paulsboro site. Theevaluation included an Operational Overview of the API Separators, DissolvedAir Flotation System, Equalization, Activated Sludge Aeration Basin, ActivatedSludge Secondary Clarifiers, Final Sand Filters, Chlorination, Sludge HandlingOperations, and the Monitoring Program. The overview included Prcoess andHydraulic Design and Regulatory Considerations.
PLAN
SECTION A
SECTION B
A
B
THE ADVENT GROUP, INC. PETROLEUM REFINING EXPERIENCE
Port Reading Port Reading, NJ • Bioassay Permit Limits Negotiation Review, Comprehensive WastewaterManagement Program, RCRA Permitting, NPDES Permitting
AMER
ADA
HES
S
Purvis Purvis, MS • RCRA Source Control, RCRA Permitting
ASH
DO
D
Ashdod, Israel • Comprehensive Wastewater Management Program (Includes Biological TreatmentDesign)
Catlettsburg Refinery Catlettsburg, KY • Comprehensive Wastewater Management Program, Treatability Studies (IncludesBiological Treatment Design) ,Source Control ,Toxicity Reduction Evaluation
Canton Refinery Canton, OH • Comprehensive Wastewater Management Program, Treatability Studies, ToxicityReduction Evaluation, Source Control
St. Paul Park Refinery St. Paul, MN • WWTP Evaluation, Toxicity Reduction Evaluation, WWTP Sampling ProgramMAR
ATH
ON
ASH
LAN
DPE
TRO
LEU
M
Louisiana Refining Division Garyville, LA • WWTP Evaluation
BP Whiting, IN • WWTP Upgrade Evaluation, Chronic Toxicity Reduction Evaluation,
• WWTP Evaluation• Upgrade of WWTP to Biologically Denitrify• WWTP Evaluation, Set up Operating Company for Contract Operation, Activated
Sludge Integral Clarifier Evaluations, Design of Regional (LNVA) WWTP• Set up Operating Company for Contract Operation
FIN
A O
ILAN
DC
HEM
ICAL
CO
. Port Arthur Refinery Big Spring Refinery
Port Arthur, TXBig Spring, TX
• Environmental Audit and Due Diligence• Environmental Audit and Due Diligence
HO
VEN
SA
St. Croix, U.S.V.I. • Comprehensive Wastewater Management Program (Advanced WastewaterManagement Plan), Water Balance, Source Control, RCRA Permitting ofWastewater Treatment Lagoons, Aggressive Biological Treatment Application(Bioslurry Tank) to Biologically Treat Oily Sludge from API, CPI, and DAF,Development of Cost-Effective O&M Procedures for API Separators, WastewaterTreatability Study For An Above Ground Biological Treatment System.
KER
RM
CG
EE Wynnewood Refinery Oklahoma • Expert witness for an explosion / fire related to a spill / release of kerosene into thewastewater system.
LIO
NO
IL El Dorado, AK • Oily Sludge Treatment
OR
LR
EFIN
ERIE
S Haifa, Israel• Initiated a program to increase the capacity of the biological wastewater treatment
system at the Haifa Refinery. Basic Engineering Design Package (BEDP) includeda process design, process flow and piping and instrumentation diagrams with flowand mass balances, general arrangements, equipment layouts, process controlphilosophy, and equipment data specifications.
Shell Chemical Polyester Plant Point Pleasant, WV • Wastewater Treatment Upgrades, Activated Sludge Upgrade, Filter Study andDesign, Anaerobic Pilot Study, Operations Assistance (10 years), NPDES Permitting(2 rounds)
Shell Oil Wood River, IL • Groundwater Treatment Evaluations Shell Oil Chattanooga/Nashville, TN • Terminal LUST Evaluations
THE ADVENT GROUP, INC. PETROLEUM REFINING EXPERIENCETE
XAC
O Texaco Refining Midwest City, OK • Acute Toxicity Bioassay Test
UN
OVE
N LeMont Refinery LeMont, IL • Comprehensive Wastewater Management Program• Environmental Audit & Ammonia Variance
REFINERIES Amerada Hess, Port Reading, NJ Ashdod Refineries, Ltd., Ashdod, Israel Marathon Ashland (formerly Ashland Petroleum Company), Canton, OH Marathon Ashland (formerly Ashland Petroleum Company), Catlettsburg, KY Marathon Ashland (formerly Ashland Petroleum Company), St. Paul, MN Atofina Petrochemicals, Inc., (formerly Fina Oil), Port Arthur, TX Alon USA (formerly Fina Oil), Big Spring, TX BP (formerly Amoco), Whiting, IN Citgo Petroleum Corporation, Lake Charles, LA Citgo Petroleum Corporation, Tulsa, OK Conoco,Westlake Refinery, Lake Charles, LA Cross Oil Refinery, Smackover, AR Phillips 66 (formerly Exxon), Bayway Refinery, Linden, NJ ExxonMobil, Baton Rouge, LA ExxonMobil, Chalmette, LA HOVENSA, St. Croix, USVI Kerr McGee, Wynnewood Refinery, Marathon Ashland Petroleum, Garyville, LA Mobil Oil Corporation, Beaumont, TX Oil Refineries Ltd., Haifa, Israel Phillips 66 Co. (formerly Shell Oil), Wood River, IL PDV Midwest Refining LLC (formerly Unoven), Lemont, IL Valero Refining Corp., Paulsboro, NJ CORPORATEAmerada Hess, Woodbridge, NJBP Corporation, Chicago, IL Citgo Petroleum Corporation, Tulsa, OKConoco, Inc., Houston, TX Unocal Corporation, Los Angeles, CA Uno-Ven Company, Schaumburg, IL
TERMINALS Amerada Hess, Purvis, MS Ashland Petroleum Company, Heath, OH Ashland Petroleum Company, Neal, WV Interven, Miami, FL Marathon Petroleum Company, Findlay, OH Marathon Petroleum Company, Chamblee, GA Texaco, Midwest City, OK Unocal Corp., Heath, OH
THE ADVENT CORPORATION NPDES/WATER RESOURCE PROJECTS
CLIENT/LOCATION WATER SYSTEM PROJECT
A2STacoma, WA Puget Sound Modeling in Support of Clean-up Allocation
AK SteelRockport, IN Ohio River Toxicity Assessments - WET and Nitrogen Compound
Permitting
AlcoaAlcoa, TN Little River Streamflow Estimates, NPDES Permitting, WET TestingLafayette, IN Elliot Ditch Reasonable Potential to Exceed (RPE) Analyses,
NPDES Permit Renewal, Sampling and Analysis Plans(SAP)
Newburgh, IN Ohio River RPE Analyses, SAP, NPDES Permit Renewal, WETTesting
Ferndale, WA Strait of Georgia RPE AnalysisDelhi, LA Turkey Creek NPDES Permit Review
Amerada Hess CorporationPort Reading, NJ Arthur Kill Predictive Modeling of Mixing ZonePurvis, MS Little Black Creek Comprehensive wastewater management program,Tampa, FL Tampa Bay NPDES Stormwater AssessmentJacksonville, FL St. John's River NPDES Permit Review
American Automobile Manufacturers AssociationDetroit, Michigan Wisconsin Great Lakes
BasinMetals Criteria and Translators
American Bottoms Regional WWTFSauget, IL Mississippi River Expert Testimony, Mixing Zone Study, Toxicity Tests,
Treatment Technologies, River Habitat and BiologicalAssessment, ONP/PNP Removal Credit Application, Fateand Effects Study, NPDES Permit Negotiation, Derivationof Criteria, Removal Credit Application for Cadmium andZinc, Effluent Disinfection Exemption
American Electric PowerTanner's Creek PGS, IN Ohio River RPE Analyses, SAPSt. Joseph, MI Lake Michigan Dispersion and velocity modeling
Ashland OilCatlettsburg, KY Ohio River Comprehensive wastewater management program, TRE
treatability studies, source control and toxicity reduction
Barretts Minerals Inc.Dillon, MT Left Fork Stone Creek Benthic macroinvertebrate, periphyton, and chlorophyll a
biomonitoring study in conjunction with water chemistrysurvey to determine NPDES Permit levels for nutrientsand success of sedimentation controls
B.F. GoodrichHenry, IL Illinois River Mixing Zone Study, NPDES Permitting
Page 2 of 7
THE ADVENT GROUP, INC. NPDES/WATER RESOURCE PROJECTS
CLIENT/LOCATION WATER SYSTEM PROJECT
Bil Mar FoodsZeeland, MI Blendon and DeWitt Copper Dissolved Metal Translator
Drainage Basin WET Salt Assessment
Black Beauty CoalVermillion Grove, IL Little Vermillion River Stormwater Mixing Zone Evaluation
Borden Chemicals and PlasticsIlliopolis, IL Sangamon River Use Attainability and Treatment Plant Upgrades, Site-
Specific Salt Criteria and Temperature Criteria,Bioassessment
BP Amoco ChemicalsDecatur, AL Tennessee River Mixing Zone Study, TIE/TRE Studies
BP Amoco Oil CompanyWhiting, IN Lake Michigan Mixing Zone Study, Treatment Technologies Evaluation,
TIE/TRE, Comments of Proposed Water QualityStandards, Bioassessment, NPDES Permit Renewal,Stormwater Permitting
Cargill CompanyEddyville, IA Des Moines River Mixing Zone Delineation, and Dispersion Optimization
Study
Cerestar USA, Inc. (formerlyAmerican Maize Products Company)Decatur, IL Tennessee River Stormwater Permitting, SPCC PlanHammond, IN Lake Michigan Mixing Zone Study, NPDES Permitting, Comments on
Proposed Water Quality Regulations, RPE Analysis, SAP,SPCC Plan, Toxicity Assessment
Chemical Manufacturers Association (now ACC)Washington, D.C. Various Watersheds Evaluation of Technical and Economic Benefits of Mixing
Zones
City of EvansvilleEvansville, IN Ohio River Comments on Proposed Water Quality Standards
City of FranklinFranklin, TN Harpeth River Toxicity Testing and Bioassessment (fish and
macroinvertebrates)
City of IndianapolisIndianapolis, IN White River, Fall Creek Comments on Proposed Water Quality Standards, CSO
and Water Quality Model Review, LTCP SAP, NPDESPermitting
City of MurfreesboroMurfreesboro, TN West Fort Stones River/ Seasonal Assimilative Capacity Studies, and
Percy Priest Reservoir NPDES Discharge StrategyClearonSouth Charleston, WV Kanawha River NPDES Permitting, Mixing Zone Application, Diffuser
Design
Page 3 of 7
THE ADVENT GROUP, INC. NPDES/WATER RESOURCE PROJECTS
CLIENT/LOCATION WATER SYSTEM PROJECT
Commonwealth EdisonChicago, IL Lake Michigan Tier II Values Development and Mixing Zone Application
Derivation of Criteria
Byron, IL Rock River Mixing Zone Analysis and WQBEL Development
Confidential ClientTennessee Ocoee River Watershed Ecorisk Assessment, Watershed Restoration Planning
DuPont CompanyBelle, WV Kanawha River Mixing Zone Study, Diffuser Design and Performance
Evaluation, NPDES Permitting
Washington, WV Ohio River Mixing Zone Study, NPDES Permitting, RPE Analyses
East Chicago Sanitary DistrictEast Chicago, IL Grand Calumet River Wasteload Allocation, NPDES Permitting, Assimilative
Capacity, and Industrial Monitoring
Elf AtochemCalvert City, KY Tennessee River Mixing Zone Study, 134a Wastewater and TFA Toxicity
Evaluation, NPDES Permitting
Carrollton, KY Ohio River Mixing Zone Assessment
Eli Lilly and CompanyClinton, IN Wabash River Mixing Zone Delineation and Diffuser Optimization
ENRONWheatfield Peaker Plant White River, Black
Beauty LakeRPE Analyses, SAP, NPDES Permitting
Flexsys America LLCNitro, WV Kanawha River Mixing Zone Delineation, Diffuser Design, Toxicity
Testing, and NPDES Permitting
FMC CorporationBessemer City, NC Abernathy Creek NPDES Stormwater Permitting
GE Appliance ControlsMorrison, IL Rock Creek NPDES Permit Review
GE Nuclear Energy GroupWilmington, NC North Cape Fear River Chronic and Acute Toxicity Testing, Toxicity Reduction
Evaluation, and NPDES PermittingGE Plastics Business GroupMt. Vernon, IN Ohio River Mixing Zone Study, Toxicity Testing, NPDES Permitting,
Instream / Bisphenol A Sampling, StormwaterPermitting, Comments on Proposed Water QualityStandards, Copper Dissolved Metal Translator Plan,Silver Sampling for Intake Credits
Ottawa, IL Illinois River Mixing Zone DelineationBurkeville, Alabama Alabama River Diffuser Optimization, Bisphenol A Sampling
Page 4 of 7
THE ADVENT GROUP, INC. NPDES/WATER RESOURCE PROJECTS
CLIENT/LOCATION WATER SYSTEM PROJECT
GE Power SystemsSchenectady, NY Mohawk River RPE Analyses, SAP, NPDES Permitting and Compliance
Evaluation
GE SiliconesWaterford, NY Hudson River Water Quality Strategic Planning, NPDES Permitting,
WLA Model Review
GE Specialty ChemicalsMorgantown, WV Monongahela River Mixing Zone Study, NPDES Permit Limit Development
GE TransportationErie, PA Lake Erie Evaluation of Great Lakes Initiative, RPE Analyses, Intake
SAP, Stormwater Permitting
Georgia Pacific CorporationAshdown, AR Red River Assimilative Capacity Studies and Discharge StrategyBrunswick, GA Turtle River/
St. Simons SoundAssimilative Capacity Studies and WLA Modeling
Little Rock, AR Arkansas River Dissolved Oxygen ModelingCrossett, AR Ouachita River Use Attainability AnalysisLeaf River, MS Leaf River Expert Testimony of treatment technologies, Dioxin
Goodyear Tire & Rubber CompanyUnion City, TN First Creek Toxicity Testing, Develop WQBELs, NPDES Permitting,
Deer Park, TX Houston Ship Canal NPDES Permitting, TMDL DevelopmentApple Grove, WV Ohio River NPDES Permitting
Honeywell (formerly Allied Signal, SyntexPharmaceuticals International, and PFC)Freeport, Grand Bahama Island Atlantic Ocean Ocean Outfall Ecological Evaluation and Mixing Zone
Analysis
HOVENSA (formerly HOVIC)St. Croix, USVI Limetree Bay Mixing Zone Analysis and Diffuser Design, NPDES
Permitting, Oil Spill Trajectory & Weathering Modeling,FRP and VRP, DO Monitoring and Assessment, CZMPermit Baseline Monitoring
IBP CorporationJoslin, IL Rock River Mixing Zone Study, and NPDES PermittingClumbus Junction Cedar & Iowa Rivers Mixing Zone Field Assessment, Expert Testimony
IMCSterlington, LA Ouachita River Mixing Zone Analysis
IERGSpringfield, IL Lake Michigan
WatershedGreat Lakes Initiative Impact and Regulatory Negotiations
Page 5 of 7
THE ADVENT GROUP, INC. NPDES/WATER RESOURCE PROJECTS
CLIENT/LOCATION WATER SYSTEM PROJECT
Indiana Steel Advisory CommitteeEast Chicago, IN Grand Calumet River Evaluation and Comments on Proposed
Little Calumet River Indiana Water Quality Standards
Ispat Inland Steel CompanyEast Chicago, IN Grand Calumet River RPE Analyses, SAP, NPDES Permit Renewal, TMDL
International Paper CompanyBastrop, LA Ouachita River Assimilative Capacity StudyCamden, AR Ouachita River Assimilative Capacity StudyTerre Haute, IN Wabash River DMT Study, NPDES Permitting
Jefferson SmurfitAlton, IL Wood River Hydrologic Analysis, NPDES Permitting, and Dispersion
Estimation
Kerr-McGee Forest ProductsTexarkana, AR Wagner and Days
CreeksSediment and Water Quality Sampling and Analysis, and
Springfield, MO Little Sac River Dye Tracing/Dispersion Studies
LomacMuskegon, MI Black Creek Reasonable Potential to Exceed (RPE) Analysis
LS PowerMcCombs, MS Bogue Chitto River Mercury Characterization, NPDES Permit CommentsOsceola, AR Mississippi River Mercury Characterization, NPDES Permit CommentsBurkville, AL Alabama River River Characterization (including mercury)Early Cnty, GA Chattahoochee River River Characterization, NPDES Permit ApplicationMarion Cnty, SC Great Peedee River Mercury CharacterizationHopewell, VA James River River Characterization
LTV SteelEast Chicago, IN Grand Calumet River TMDL Development
3M CorporationCordova, IL Mississippi River Mixing Zone Study, Toxicity Testing, Treatment
Technologies and Design, and Habitat Assessment
Decatur, AL Tennessee River NPDES PermittingCottage Grove, MN Mississippi River NPDES Permitting, Toxicity Assessment, Treatment
Technologies
Micron Technology, Inc.Boise, ID Boise River Comments on City NPDES Permit, RPE, WQBEL
Development
Page 6 of 7
THE ADVENT GROUP, INC. NPDES/WATER RESOURCE PROJECTS
CLIENT/LOCATION WATER SYSTEM PROJECT
National SteelEcorse, MI Detroit River Mixing Zone Study and Diffuser Design and Performance
EvaluationPortage, IN Burns Ditch TIE/TRE, Temperature Modeling, Fish Collections
NIPSCOBailey PGS, IN Lake Michigan Reasonable Potential to Exceed (RPE) AnalysisSchahfer PGS, IN Kanakee River RPE Analysis, SAP, Mixing Zone Analysis
Olin Brass/WinchesterEast Alton, IL Mississippi River Mixing Zone, Diffuser Design, Habitat Assessment,
and Treatment Plant Upgrades, and Comments on ELGs
Olin CorporationLake Charles, LA Calcasieu River Dispersion Optimization and Diffuser DesignHuntsville, AL Huntsville Spring Branch Toxicity testing, NPDES permitting, Bioaccumulation
studies
Precoat MetalsPortage, IN Burns Ditch Reasonable Potential to Exceed (RPE) Analysis
Primary EnergyMerrifield, IN Lake Michigan NPDES Permitting
PristineWest Chester, OH Mill Creek DMT Work Plan and Implementation
Pyron Metal PowdersGreenback, TN Spring Creek Stormwater Assessment
Rock River Water Reclamation DistrictRockford, IL Rock River Dispersion Optimization and Diffuser Design
SCM ChemicalAshtabula, OH Fields Brook/Ashtabula
RiverToxicity Testing, Mixing Zone Study, NPDES Permitting
Shell ChemicalsApple Grove, WV Ohio River NPDES Permitting and Stormwater Permitting
Solutia, Inc. (formerlyMonsanto Chemical Company)Decatur, AL; Alvin, TX;Addyston, OH; Bridgeport, NJ;Chocolate Bayou, TX; Sauget, IL;St. Louis, MO; Trenton, MI
Expert Testimony, NPDES Permitting, Bioassay Tests,Mixing Zone, Studies and Diffuser Design, StormwaterPermitting, Ceriodaphnia dubia and fathead minnow acutetests, and TRE's
Southern Energy (now Mirant)Stateline PGS, IN Lake Michigan RPE Analysis, SAP, NPDES Permit RenewalSugar Creek PGS, IN Wabash River NPDES Permitting, Mercury Characteization, DMT Study
Page 7 of 7
THE ADVENT GROUP, INC. NPDES/WATER RESOURCE PROJECTS
CLIENT/LOCATION WATER SYSTEM PROJECT
Stillwater Mining CompanyBig Timber, MT East Boulder River NPDES Permit Biomonitoring for permit limit validation.Columbus, MT Stillwater River NPDES Permit biomonitoring for antidegredation
compliance.
Upjohn CorporationNorth Haven, CT Quinnipiac River Expert Testimony, Treatment Technologies
and Design, and NPDES Interpretation
U.S. Steel Gary WorksGary, IN Grand Calumet River Wasteload Allocation, Site-specific Criteria, TMDL
THE ADVENT CORPORATION SELECTED WATER QUALITYMANAGEMENT PROJECTS
Client
Crit
ique
and
Com
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para
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Publ
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of C
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or C
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QB
ELs
Efflu
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Mix
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Zone
Dem
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ratio
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RPE
Ana
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s
Sam
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lans
Antid
egra
datio
n D
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stra
tion
Site
Spe
cific
Crit
eria
Varia
nce
Appl
icat
ions
Agan ChemicalsAsdod, Israel, Mediterranean Sea xAlcoaLafayette, IN, Elliot Ditch x x xWarrick, IN, Ohio River x x x xAmerada HessPort Reading, NJ, Arthur Kill xPurvis, MS, Little Black Creek xAmerican Bottoms WWTFSauget, IL, Mississippi River x x x x x x x xAmoco Chemicals
Decatur, AL, Tennessee River x x x x
Amoco Oil Company
Whiting, IN, Lake Michigan x x x x x x x x x x
B.F. Goodrich
Henry, IL, Illinois River x
Bayer Corp. (formerly Monsanto Plastics)
Cincinnati, OH, Ohio River x
Borden Chemicals and Plastics
Illiopolis, IL, Sangamon River x x x x
Cerestar USA, Inc.
Hammond, IN, Lake Michigan x x x x x x
City of Murfreesboro
Murfreesboro, TN x x x
West Fort Stones River/Percy PriestReservoirCommonwealth Edison
Chicago, IL, Lake Michigan x x
Confidential Client
Decatur, AL, Tennessee River x
THE ADVENT CORPORATION SELECTED WATER QUALITYMANAGEMENT PROJECTS
Client
Crit
ique
and
Com
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para
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Publ
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Wat
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of C
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noge
ns
Der
ivat
ion
or C
ritiq
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QB
ELs
Efflu
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ing
Mix
ing
Zone
Dem
onst
ratio
ns.
RPE
Ana
lysi
s
Sam
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d An
alys
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lans
Antid
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datio
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stra
tion
Site
Spe
cific
Crit
eria
Varia
nce
Appl
icat
ions
DuPont Company
Belle, WV, Kanawha River x x x x x
Washington, WV, Ohio River x x x x x
East Chicago Sanitary Dist.
East Chicago, IN, Grand Calumet River x x x x x x
Elf Atochem
Calvert City, KY, Tennessee River x x
Eli Lilly and Company
Clinton, IN, Wabash River x x
Flexsys (formerly Monsanto Chemicals)
Nitro, WV, Kanawha River x x x x x
GE Plastics
Burkeville, AL, Alabama River x x x
Mt. Vernon, Ohio River x x x x x x x x x
Ottawa, IL, Illinois River x x
GE Power Systems
Schenectady, NY, Mohawk River x x x x x
GE Silicones
Waterford, NY, Hudson River x x x x x
GE Specialty Chemicals
Morgantown, WV, Monongahela River x x x x
GE Transportation
Erie, PA, Lake Erie x x x x x x
Georgia Pacific
Ashdown, AR, Red River x
Brunswick, GA, Turtle River/St. Simons Sound x
Little Rock, AR, Arkansas River x
Goodyear Tire & Rubber
Union City, TN, First Creek x x x
THE ADVENT CORPORATION SELECTED WATER QUALITYMANAGEMENT PROJECTS
Client
Crit
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and
Com
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Publ
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Wat
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of C
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ns
Der
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or C
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Dem
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ratio
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Ana
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s
Sam
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Antid
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datio
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stra
tion
Site
Spe
cific
Crit
eria
Varia
nce
Appl
icat
ions
Hess Oil Virgin Islands
U.S. Virgin Islands, Caribbean Sea x x x x
IBP Corporation
Joslin, IL, Rock River x x
Louisa County, IA, Cedar and Iowa Rivers x x
ICI Americas (formerly Zeneca)
Mt. Pleasant, TN, Big Bigby Crek x
Dighton, MA, Taunton River x x x x
IMC
Sterlington, LA, Ouachita River x x
Indiana Steel Advisory Group
East Chicago, IN, Grand Calumet River x
Inland Steel Company
East Chicago, IN, Grand Calumet River x x x x x x
International Paper
Bastrop, LA, Ouachita River x
Camden, AR, Ouachita River x
IPSCO Steel
Montpelier, IA, Mississippi River Tributary x x x
Jefferson Smurfit
Alton, IL, Wood River x x
LOMAC, Inc.
Muskegon, MI, Black Creek x x x x
LTV Steel
East Chicago, IN, Grand Calumet River x x
3M Corp.
Cordova, IL, Mississippi River x
Micron Technology, Inc.Boise, ID, Boise River x x x
THE ADVENT CORPORATION SELECTED WATER QUALITYMANAGEMENT PROJECTS
Client
Crit
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and
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Publ
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or C
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QB
ELs
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Ana
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Site
Spe
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Crit
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Varia
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Appl
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ions
Monsanto Chemical Company
Zarate, Argentina, Rio de La Plata x x x
National Steel Corp.
Ecorse, MI, Detroit River x x x
Portage, IN, Burns Ditch x x x
NIPSCO, Inc.
Chesterton, IN, Lake Michigan x
Wheatfield, IN, Kanake River Watershed x x
Olin Brass/Winchester
East Alton, IL, Mississippi River x x x x x
Olin Chemicals
Lake Charles, LA, Calcasieu River x
Precoat Metals
Portage, IN, Burns Ditch x
Rock River Water Reclamation District
Rockford, IL, Rock River x
Sechler Pickle
St. Joseph, IN, Elk Run x x
Shell Chemicals
Apple Grove, WV, Ohio River x
Solutia, Inc. (formerly Monsanto Chemicals)
Decatur, AL, Ohio River x x x x
Pensacola, FL, Escambia River x
Trenton, MI, Detroit River Watershed x x
U.S. Steel
Gary, Indiana, Grand Calumet River x x x x x x x x x x x
Weirton Steel
Weirton, WV, Ohio River x x
The ADVENT Integral System
“the most innovative concept in biological treatment in 50 years” _____________________________________________ 1
OVERVIEW
Historically, the activated sludge process has beenconfigured in many different flow schemes. In practicallyall cases, the basic process has consisted of an aerationtank followed by an external secondary clarifier toseparate the treated wastewater from the sludge andrecirculate the sludge back to the aeration tank fortreatment of new influent wastewater. A schematic of theconventional process is shown in Figure 1. The majorelements of the conventional system include the aerationtank, the secondary clarifier, and sludge recycle pumps.
The ADVENT Integral System (AIS) combines theaeration basin and secondary clarifier to provide a singlesystem with “no moving parts.” The AIS is presented inFigure 2.
FIGURE 2. ADVENT INTEGRAL ACTIVATEDSLUDGE SYSTEM
The AIS differs from other integral clarifier systems byusing economical airlift pumping to transfer the aerationtank contents to the center-well of the clarifier to impartthe concept of “induced sludge velocity.” The AIS hasproven performance equal to or superior to conventionalclarifiers with substantially less capital and operationalcosts.
CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS
The conventional activated sludge system (Figure 1)utilizes an external circular, secondary clarifier, whichmust serve four major functions:
1. Provide adequate surface area and quiescent settlingconditions, both horizontally and vertically, within theclarifier to allow vertical, gravity separation of thebiomass from the treated effluent wastewater.
2. Provide sufficient residence time and bottom surfacearea to allow the settling sludge to thicken adequatelyso that return recycle flow rates are sufficiently low toprevent unnecessary underflow current turbulence inthe clarifier.
3. Provide a reliable method of sludge withdrawal thatwill minimize short-circuiting of diluted sludge andencourage withdrawal of concentrated biomass.
4. Allow rapid withdrawal of sludge to minimize anoxic orseptic conditions, which may result in undesirabledenitrification within the clarifier or odors in the sludgehandling area.
Conventional clarifiers have three major considerationsinfluencing the design, operation, and cost of eachsystem:
• Operational Complexity: Conventional clarifiers areoperated to thicken and provide a reliable method ofsludge withdrawal for successful operation.
• Capital Cost Considerations: Conventional clarifiersrequire on-line return sludge pumps, internalmechanical sludge collection/removal mechanisms,and structural design to contain water depths of upto 3-5 meters.
• Operational and Maintenance Considerations:Return pumps and the internal sludge scrapingmechanism are high-energy consumers and requireconsiderable maintenance.
AIS CONCEPT
The AIS is a successful integration of the aeration tankand secondary clarifier with ”no moving parts.” It providesoperator-controlled, center-well induced, downward flow ofreturn sludge directly back to the aeration tank whileproducing a highly clarified effluent. The induceddownward velocity on the sludge, as it enters the clarifier,results in substantially higher removals of fine TSS andfoam than a conventional clarifier.
The ADVENT Integral System
“the most innovative concept in biological treatment in 50 years” _____________________________________________ 2
The “no moving parts” system offers substantial capitaland operational cost savings and permits greater flexibilityin design and operation of the entire activated sludgesystem. The AIS was developed only after thorough large-scale studies in a specially designed aeration test tank.During these original tests, the concept of “bottom sweep”sludge blanket withdrawal and downward sludge velocitywere demonstrated.
Advantages Over Conventional Systems
• The AIS is the simplest operating activatedsludge system. Without the requirement for sludgethickening, the AIS basically operates itself. Theoperator simply controls the MLVSS to desired levelsby periodic sludge wasting.
• The AIS is the most economical from both capitaland operational costs. “No moving parts” is thebasic concept of the AIS. The clarifier is only a shell,not a stand-alone structural unit. The return sludgepumps and sludge scraper mechanism areeliminated.
• The AIS occupies the smallest footprint of anyactivated sludge system. By integrating the clarifierand varying the aeration tank depth, the requiredactivated sludge footprint is only the plan area of theaeration tank.
• The AIS Offers the most economical approach tofuture off-gas control. Since the integral clarifiersubstantially reduces the aeration tank surface area,off-gas containment, if required, is considerablysimplified.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The AIS is successful due to the intricate design of thesludge withdrawal regime. In order for the AIS to performas explained above, the induced sludge settling velocityand the withdrawal velocity and dispersion mechanismsmust be accomplished within design limits.
The surface area of the clarifier is designed conventionallyon upflow velocity, i.e., based on hydraulic overflow rate inm/hr or gpd/sq ft. and effluent flow. However, due to thecontrolled, induced velocity in the clarifier throat, theconventional surface area is only needed for fine TSSseparation. The bulk of the activated sludge is literallypumped back in the aeration tank by the downward,induced velocity. Even poor-settling, filamentous sludgesare carried back into the aeration tank without relying ongravity separation. The relationship between the integralclarifier volume and the total aeration tank volume mustbe considered. The aeration tank volume must beincreased to accommodate the clarifier, resulting in a
slightly larger tank than required simply for the biologicaltreatment of the wastewater. A system with a low food tomass (F/M) loading and a rapidly settling sludge will resultin a minimum ratio of clarifier to aeration tank volumes.
AIS CONFIGURATION
The AIS offers multiple design configurations, dependingon the site land availability and the ratio of aeration tankvolume to required clarifier surface area. The three mostcommon design configurations are presented in Figure 3.
FIGURE 3. CLARIFIER TYPES
Rectangular
Circular
Peripheral
Pyramidal
Circular. The circular configuration is used for deeperaeration tanks with a relatively large clarifier volume (e.g.,high strength wastewaters). This system requires minimalstructural support for the clarifier.
Rectangular. The rectangular clarifier is used formedium-sized systems in order to achieve the requiredsurface area, while maintaining the desired clarifier bottomthroat velocity and bottom sweep.
Peripheral and Pyramidal. The peripheral and pyramidalversions are used for situations where the clarifier isunusually large with respect to the aeration tank (e.g., lowstrength wastewaters).
AIS APPLICATIONS
Due to its simplicity, the AIS has found many variedapplications in addition to removal of carbonaceousorganics, i.e., BOD, COD, etc. These full-scaleapplications include:
• Nitrification-Denitrification• Incorporation of a Selector for Filamentous Organism
System• Economical Off-Gas Control, where required
The ADVENT Integral System
“the most innovative concept in biological treatment in 50 years” _____________________________________________ 3
Nitrification-Denitrification and Incorporation of aSelector
The conventional activated sludge configuration forcombined nitrification-denitrification is shown in Figure 4.By incorporating the anoxic zone as an integral unit withthe clarifier and aeration (aerobic) tank, the AIS functionsas a single process for combined nitrification-denitrification.
FIGURE 4. CONVENTIONAL TWO-STAGENITRIFICATION/DENITRIFICATION SYSTEM
Influent
Nitrate Recycle
Return Activated Sludge
AnoxicBasin
Aerobic Basin Secondary Clarifier
TreatedEffluent
This integration greatly simplifies operations and avoidsinterstage mechanical pumping. In addition, the capitalcost of the system is much less since the clarifier servesas the dividing wall between the two zones. An identicalanoxic configuration can be used to incorporate a“selector” into the design, thereby, minimizing thepossibility of developing poorer-settling, filamentousorganisms. This application for either selector design ornitrification-denitrification is schematically shown in Figure5.
FIGURE 5. AIS NITRIFICATION/DENITRIFICATIONOR SELECTOR SYSTEM
Upgrading of Existing Aerated Lagoons
The AIS is ideal for upgrading an existing aerated lagoon,equipped with either diffused or surface aerators, to anefficient activated sludge system. The upgrade isaccomplished by installing the clarifier directly within thelagoon, considering the aeration device configuration. Ifsurface aerators are used, an anti-erosion device isrequired to control bottom currents to acceptable ranges.
Increasing the Hydraulic Capacity of ExistingActivated Sludge Systems
Proper placement of integral clarifiers can relievehydraulic overloading of existing conventional clarifiers.The AIS can be installed “wet,” if desired, to increase thehydraulic capacity, while the existing system aeration tankremains in operation. A module of the AIS can simply be“dropped in” the aeration tank. A portion of the flow isclarified in the AIS then mixed with the effluent from theexisting conventional clarifiers.
Economical Off-Gas Control
The AIS configuration allows economical off-gas control,where desired, or if future regulations are anticipated. Theintegration of the integral clarifier reduces the surface areaof the aeration tank to minimize VOC emissions. Thesurface structural supports for the clarifier expediteinstallation and minimize material costs associated with acover for off-gas control.
ECONOMICS
The AIS reduces capital and economical costssignificantly. The capital costs of the integral clarifier areapproximately 70 to 80% less than a conventional clarifier.This results in a total cost reduction of 15 to 25% for theentire activated sludge system depending on the AISconfiguration. These costs do not include additional costsif land availability is limited.
TABLE 1. CONVENTIONAL vs. AIS SECONDARY CLARIFIERCOST COMPARISON
Cost ItemConventional
ClarifierADVENT Integral
System (AIS)Clarifier surface area, m2 309 309Clarifier volume, m3 1,408 779Clarifier depth, m Side water depth Depth at center
Clarifier mechanism energy $ 1,060 ---Return sludge pumps energy $ 5,300 $ 1,700Clarifier operating labor $ 4,500 $ 1,500 Total Operating Costs $30,060 $ 4,200
The operational costs of the AIS are approximately 75 to95% less than a conventional clarifier. This reduction isprimarily due to no moving parts, less energy required,and practically no manpower affiliated with clarifier
Aerobic ZoneClarification
Anoxic Zone
AerationGrid
InfluentJet Mixing
The ADVENT Integral System
“the most innovative concept in biological treatment in 50 years” _____________________________________________ 4
operation and maintenance. A comparison of the capitaland operating costs for an installed AIS and conventionalactivated sludge system is presented in Table 1 above.The design basis is as a flow of 160 m3/hr and an influentBOD concentration of 1,500 mg/L.
PERFORMANCE
AIS performance has been proven in full-scale operatingexperience. The AIS performs as well or better than aconventional activated sludge system from a clarificationstandpoint. The system is superior to a conventionalsystem based on the capacity to carry higher levels ofsludge in the aeration tank without deleteriousconsequences on the performance of the clarifier. The AISprovides considerable savings in terms of capital andoperating costs. The required surface area for the AIStankage is limited to that required for the aeration tankonly.
INSTALLATIONS
Numerous industrial and municipal AIS installations areinstalled and operating at locations around the world. Thefirst AIS system began operating at a GE Plasticsindustrial plant in Grangemouth, Scotland in 1993. A totalof over 30 additional facilities are currently operation, asshown in the attached tables. The industrial installationsgenerally treat high strength wastewaters and range insize from 30 to 10,000 gallons per minutes, with aerationtank sizes ranging from 0.05 to 5.4 million gallons. Bothorganic removal and nitrification-denitrification systemsare currently in operation.
PACKAGE PLANT APPLICATIONS
More recently, the attractive features of the AIS systemhave been adapted to treatment of domestic sewage, anda package plant concept has been developed. This AISsystem incorporates the patented “no moving parts”Integral Clarifier (with no sludge scraping mechanism) anda subsurface diffused air aeration system, that result in acost-effective, easy to operate system.
This approach allows the complete processing ofcarbonaceous organics, nitrogen compounds, andphosphorus in a single, field-erected package unit.Sludge stabilization and storage is also provided. TheADVENT AIS process appreciably reduces landrequirements and capital costs as compared toconventional activated sludge package plants. Thus, itrepresents the ideal solution for small and average sizedcommunities, residential developments, and for sewagetreatment at industrial plants.
The existing package plant installations are all located inFrance, with sizes ranging from about 500 to 1,200population equivalents. Specific references, sizes,effluent quality, and other information are provided in theattached tables.
Phenol Production Plant - Taipei Taiwan
ABS Production Plant - Grangemouth, Scotland
Station d’épuration de Ecquedecques. France
COMPANY INTEGRAL YEARNAME LOCATION PRODUCTS TYPE ON-LINE FLOW FLOW BOD COD TKN BOD COD TKN NO3-N TSS
1 ECQUEDECQUES Ecquedecques, France 1999 Rectangular 450 9 900 to 2,100 400 to 900 500 to 1,000 80 to 110 20 to 30 60 to 80 5 to 10 15 to 20 < 15 NA NA NA
2 LANDIVY Landivy, France 1999 Rectangular 1,050 33 600 to 1,100 400 to 600 600 to 800 100 to 120 20 to 30 30 to 70 5 to 10 5 to 15 7 to 10 NA NA <2
3 MAZIERES EN GATINE Mazière en Gatine, France 1999 Rectangular 1,150 25 800 400 600 100 30 125 25 35 20 NA NA <2
4 RETTEL Rettel, France 1999 Rectangular 1,050 25 800 400 600 100 30 125 25 35 20 NA NA NA
5 POIX TERRON Poix Terron, France 2001 Rectangular 800 22 800 400 600 100 30 125 25 35 20 NA NA NA
UNDER DESIGN/CONSTRUCTION
6 DOMPIERRE SUR HELPE Dompierre sur Helpe, France 2002 Rectangular 900 17 800 400 600 100 30 125 25 35 20 NA NA NA
SUMMARY OF INTEGRAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCEURBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
