Comparatii chineza

7/25/2019 Comparatii chineza

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/comparatii-chineza 1/9

Comparatives

比, 跟/像...一样...

比起来....

Exercises

Other terminology: Comparison, preposition 比; 比字句.

1. How many comparative constructions are there?

The following are the most commonly used comparatives.

1. ...比... ... sv. than... Used to compare two obects or two actions, in order to show that one is more or less

高. He is taller than me. 我比你学得好. I study better than you.

2. ...不比... ...not sv. than... !egative form of 比, as in 他不比我高. He isn't taller than me. 他不比我学得好

study better than I do.

3. 有 ...as sv. as...Usually used in comparative "uestions to compare # $an obect or action% against &, 你的书

Do you have as many books as I do?

4. 没有... not as sv. as... !egative form of 有, as in 你的书没有我$的%多. You don't have as many book as I

5. ...跟...一样... ...as same as...Used to show that two obects or actions are in the same state, as in 中国大学

样好. Chinese universities are as ood as !nlish universities.

'. ...跟...不一样.../ ...不像...那么... not the same as... !egative form of 跟...一样..., 今天跟昨天不一样.

那么. "oday is not hot like yesterday.

#.

...跟

...比起来

... Com$ared %ith... Used to show one(s preference:英国!跟"国!比起来

,我#$"国

ren(h &ood to !nlish &ood.

). %or & even $more/less%. Used to e*press ) is even more .... or less ... than * is. %and & can be used w

construction, 他的'(比中国)的'(%/&好. His Chinese is even better than Chinese $eo$le's. +f yo

verb in the first clause and place % or & * before the stative verb of the second clause, 比 can be omitte

中+比英 + %/&,*-.. Chinese is even more di&&i(ult than !nlish. -r 英+., 中+%/&,*-

di&&i(ult+ but Chinese is even more di&&i(ult.

,. / most/least. Used to e*press the highest degree of "uality or "uantity, 0123,中国的)4/多. Chin

is the larest in the %orld.

2. How can I form a sentence, and what should I be aware of?

+f you want to compare two obects, the superior noun should be placed before 比. # stative verb should be pla

the sentence:

A 比 stative verb

http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/Comparatives.htm#Exercises%23Exercises

http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/Comparatives.htm#Exercises%23Exercises



yngwn

英 +

0!2+34

b5

比

&+

6h7ngwn

中 +

C4+!030

n8n

.

9++CU2T

!nlish is more di&&i(ult than Chinese.

!. "an the words #very much$, #e%tremely$ and #really$ be used in the construction?

5,6,7 and 89 are not used in 比 sentences. +nstead 得多 or 多: can be placed after a stative verb or an a

sentence to indicate very mu(h more or less...,

A 比 stative verb 得多&多:

yngwn

英 +0!2+34

b5

比&+

6h7ngwn 中

+

C4+!030

n8n dedu7

. 得多 / 多:9++CU2T 0<= >UC4 >-<0

!nlish is mu(h more di&&i(ult than Chinese.

'. How do I form a sentence if I want to describe e%actly how much more or less #A$ is than #$?

+f you want to specify the amount in the comparison, for instance, if you want to say how much morethen the number word and the measure word should be placed after the stative verb, as in:

A 比 stative verb number, measure word

6h? b@n shA

< = 书

T4+3 &0! &--B

b5

比

&+

n b@nshA

那 = 书

T4#T &0! &--B

du7

多

>-<0

sDn y?

> ?

T4<00 E#03

"his books has three $aes more than that book.

The following are three patterns when two obects are compared.

A

(tative verb(tative verb得多&多:

(tative verb, number, measure word

). "an I use to compare feelings and capabilities?



The 比sentences can also be used to compare two people(s capabilities or intentions. >odal verbs such as @,

or verbs which imply thinFing and feeling such as :A, BC and DE are used in this construction. The wor

is not used in this construction, but % Geven can be used. +t should be placed before a verb or modal verb:

A

%

mv. v. o

TD

他

40

b5 比 &+ n5

你

=-U

g?ng

%

>-<0

*5huDn ch 6h7ngguH fn

#$ F 中国 G

2+B0 0#T C4+!030 >0#2

He likes to eat Chinese meals more than you do.

tD

他

40

b5 比 &+ n5

你

=-U

g?ng

%

>-<0

huI shJnghuH

H I J

#&20 2+0

He kno%s ho% to en-oy li&e even better than you do.

tD

他

40

b5 比 &+ n5

你

=-U

g?ng

%

>-<0

*iKng iD

@ K

>+33 4->0

I am more homesi(k than you.

lKo w8ng

L M

-29 L#!

b5 比 &+ wM

我

+

g?ng %

>-<0

liKoi@ 6h7ngguH

: A 中国

U!90<3T#!9 C4+!#

an kno%s even more about China than I.

*. "an I use the construction to compare two actions?

+f you want to compare two actions, the complement of degree $得% can be used. 5 $very mu(h% is not used in

construction, but 得多 or 多:$very mu(h% should be placed after adverbs. There are three possible sentence p

construction:

1.

A v o; v 得; adv. +得多&多:

tD ch fn

他 F G

40 0#T >0#2

b5

比

&+

wM

我

+

ch de du7 $de du7%

F 得多 $得多%

0#T 90 >-<0 $0<= >UC4%

He eats /very mu(h0 more than I.

N.

A v. o. v. 得

adv.



tD ch fn ch de

他 F G F

得

40 0#T >0#2 0#T 90

b5

比

&+

wM

我

+

du7 $de du7%

多 $得多%

>-<0 $0<= >UC4%


O.

A v. o. v.得 adv.

tD

他

40

b5

比

&+

wM ch fn ch de

我 F G F 得

+ 0#T >0#2 0#T 90

du7 $de du7%

多 $得多%

>-<0 $0<= >UC4%


-. "an I use the construction to compare the difference in uantity between two actions?

+f a number word and a measure word are used when you want to compare the difference in "uantities between

this case the adverbs 多,N,O, or P should be placed before the main verb and Q or R should be placed afte

A 比多 v : nw

tD

他 40

b5 比

&+

wM

我

+

du7 多

>-<0

*u le

学 :

20#<! 20

sD

6h

>

O =

He has learnt 3 years more o& Chinese than I have.

A 比 v Q : nw mw

n5

你

=-U

b5

比

&+

wM

我

+

pKo

T

<U!

Fui le

Q :

#3T 20

liKng fJn6h7ng

U VW

TL- >+!UT03

You ran t%o minutes &aster than I did.

/. Apart from can any other word be used in comparisons?

有is usually used in "uestions to compare one obect or action against another. The negative form of 有 is 没有

used in a statement. 3tative verbs and the complement of degree $得% are used in this construction:

A neg.有; svX



6h7ngwn

中+

C4+!030

yMu

有

=-U

yngwn

英+

0!2+34

n8n

.

9++CU2T

ma

X

>#

Is Chinese as di&&i(ult as !nlish?

A v. o. neg.有 ; v. 得 adv.

tD *i@ hn 6I

他 Y '

字

40 L<+T0 C4+!030 L-<93

mi yMu

没有

>0+=-U

wM

我

+

*i@ de hKo

Y 得好

L<+T0 90 L022

He doesn’t %rite Chinese (hara(ters as %ell as I do.

0. How can I form a sentence with ...

...一

样Z

...跟...一样/...像 ...一样 are used to indicate that two obects or actions are in the same state. # stative verb is n

used:

A

一样;; +sv

tD shu7 6h7ngn shu7 de

他 [ 中+

[ 得

40 3E0#B3 C4+!030 3E0#B 90

gJn 跟 0! 6h7ngguH rn

中国 )

C4+!030 E0-E20

yPyng

一样

3#>0

$liQlI%

$\]%

$2U0!T%

He s$eaks Chinese as &luently as Chinese $eo$le do.

He s$eaks Chinese like a Chinese $erson.

The negative forms are ...跟...不一样/不像 ...那么...,

A 不;一样

*iKo wKng

^ M

R+#- L#!

gJn

跟

0!

*iKo dng

^ _

R+#- 9+!

bS yPyng

不一样

!-T 3#>0

1iao an is not the same as 1iao Din.

A 不; 像; 那么;;;;; v&sv

*iKo w8ng

^ M

bQ *ing 不像

!-T 2+B0

*iKo dng

^ _

nme i *u*P

那么` 学a



R+#- L#! R+#- 9+! 3- 2-0 3TU9=

1iao an doesn’t (om$are %ith 1iao Din in his love o& study.

6h7ngwn

中 +

C4+!030

bQ *ing 不像

!-T 2+B0

rIwn

b +

#E#!030

nme n8n

那么 .

3- 9++CU2T

Chinese doesn’t a$$roa(h a$anese /in deree0 o& di&&i(ulty.

1. How can I say that I prefer A to ?

. ...跟...比起来 is used to show a preference:

A

c起来

s. v. o.

6h7ngguH ci

中国 !C4+!030 --9

gJn 跟

0!

rIb@n ci b=

! #E#!030 --9

b5io "5l8i 比

c 起来

C->E#<0 +2#+

wM *5huDn 6h7ngg

ci

我 #$ 中国

!

+ 2+B0 C4+!030

I $re&er Chinese &ood to a$anese &ood.

11. hat is the difference between sentences and有 sentences?

1. 有 sentences imply that in comparing # to & the speaFer already acFnowledges the nature of &. or instance

XV Is !nlish as di&&i(ult as ChineseV The speaFer already thinFs Chinese is difficult. #比 sentence doesn(t h

implication.

N. 有 sentences can only be used to compare one obect to another or one action to another, but they can(t be us

the specific degree, as 比 sentences can:

*iKol5 b5 *iKo dng d liKng suI

^ d 比 ^ _ 大 U e.

R+#-2+ &+ R+#- 9+! &+ TL- =0#<3

i is t%o years older than Din.

有 cannot be used in the above sentence. -ne cannot say: f^d有^_大Ue.f

12. "an I use the negation没 before ?



The negative form for 比 sentences is normally 不比. That is because the stative verbs and 得 sentences, whic

sentences do not taFe 没. 4owever, 没 can be used if the verb of the sentence can taFe the particle : for comp

tD bS b5 wM m8ng tD bS b5 wM 6hKng de gDo

他不比我 g. 他不比我 h 得高.

40 !-T &+ + &U3=. 40 !-T &+ + <-L 90 T#22

He is not busier than I. He is not taller than I.

!either g busy nor the 得 de construction in the above sentences taFe the negative aspective 没, so 不 is used

*iKow8ng mi b5 *iKo 6hDng du7 ch liKng wKn fn

^M 没比 ^ i 多 F U j G.

R+#- L#! !-T &+ R+#- W4#! >-<0 0#T TL- &-L2 <+C0

1iao an didn't eat t%o bo%ls o& ri(e more than 1iao han.

G^M比^i多F:UjG

.The affirmative form for the above sentence would need the particle : for completed action. 没 should be use

negative form.

1!. Are the negative forms of +不 and有+没有 the same?

3trictly speaFing, they are not the same. +n collo"uial Chinese they may be occasionally interchangeable:

ta lai de mei you ni 6ao

他来得没有你 O.

40 C->0 90 !-T =-U =-U 0#<2=

He did not (ome as early as you did.

tD bS b5 n5 l8i de 6Ko

他不比你来得 O.

40 !-T &+ =-U C->0 90 0#<2=

He did not (ome be&ore you did.

$4e might have come at the same time as you did, or later.%

1'. hat is the difference between有

sentences and ...一样

... sentences?

1. 3tative verbs, or the 得 construction, must be used in 有 sentences, but they are not necessarily used in ...跟

sentences:

6h? ge 6I gJn n ge 6I yPying ma

< k 字跟那 k 字一样 XV

T4+3 0 L-<9 0! T4#T 0 L-<9 3#>0 >#



Is this (hara(ter the same as that one?

=ou cannot say: f<k字有那k字XVf

N. 有 sentences are normally used in "uestions and suggestions, but ...跟...一样...sentences do not have this re

1). hat is the difference between the constructions A 一样 and A像一样?

像 means to be liFe, and 跟...一样... means the same as.... The word order for both constructions is very simila

affirmative forms, e.g.,

ll跟mm一样no. / ll像mm一样no. There is however a difference in the negative forms. The nega

be placed before 一样 in the 跟 construction, but 不 should be placed before 像 in the 像 construction. 那么 o

should replace一样

in the不像

construction, but<么

and那么

are not used in the不跟

construction:gJge bQ *ing dIdi nme c7ngming

ll 不像 mm 那么 no

-290< &<-T40< !-T 2+B0 =-U!0< &<-T40< 3- C200<

"he older brother is not as (lever as his youner brother.

gJge gJn dIdi bS yPyng c7ngming

ll 跟 mm 不一样 no

-290< &<-T40< #3 =-U!0< &<-T40< !-T 3#>0 C200<

"he older brother and the youner brother are not o& the same intellien(e .

1*. "an you demonstrate the different degrees of comparison?

The following sentence patterns show how different degrees of no and the construction of complement of d

gJge gJn dIdi yP yng c7ngming

ll跟 mm一样 no

"he older brother is same (lever as his youner brother

gJge 6uXfn gJn dIdi 6uXde yPyng hKo

llpG 跟 mmp得一样好

"he older brother (ooks &ood as %ell as the youner brother

dIdi b5 gJge g?ng c7ngming

mm比ll% no "he youner brother is even (leverer

dIdi 6uXfn b5 gJge 6uXde g?nghKo

mmpG

比llp得%好"he youner brother (ooks even better &ood than his older brother

gJge bQ*ing dIdi nme c7ngming

ll不像 mm那么no

"he older brother is not that (lever like his brother youner

gJge 6uXfn bQ*ing dIdi 6uXde nme hKo

llp G 不像 mmp得那么好

"he older brother doesn’t (ook the &ood %ell like the youner brother d

gJge miyMu dIdi c7ngming gJge 6uXfn miyMu dIdi 6uXde hKo



ll 没有mm no

"he older brother is not as (lever as his youner brother

ll pG 没有 mmp得好

"he older brother doesn’t (ook as %ell as the youner brother does

dIdi b5 gJge c7ngming

mm比ll no

"he youner brother is (leverer than his older brother

dIdi 6uX fn b5 gJge 6uXde hKo

mmpG比llp得好

"he youner brother (ooks better &ood than the older brother

dIdi b5 gJge c7ngming de du7

mm比 ll no 得多

"he youner brother is mu(h (leverer than his older brother

dIdi 6uXfn b5 gJge 6uXde hKodeduo

mmpG 比llp得好得多

"he youner brother (ooks mu(h better than his older brother

dIdi 6uI c7ngming

mm/ n o

"he youner brother is (leverest

dIdi 6uXfn 6uXde 6uIhKo

mmpG p得/好

"he youner brother (ooks the &ood best

Exercises

You can submit your work online here

Click here to view the answers

3ranslate the following sentences into "hinese.

1. Riao 9ing is older than Riao Lang, but Riao 9ing is smaller than Riao Lang.

N. >r. Whang doesn(t run as fast as + do, but he walFs as fast as + do.

O. This year(s students study much better than last year(s did, and they also Fnow more than last year(s did.

Y. ingshan 4ill in &eiing is very high, but the hills in my hometown are even higher.

Z. rom here to the +ron and 3teel 0ngineering +nstitute is ) miles further than from here to the railway stati

'. 2esson YY has 1Z more new characters than 2esson YZ has, but 2esson YZ(s grammar is a little bit more d

2esson YY(s.

[. =esterday he came ) minutes earlier than + did, but today he came Z minutes later than + did.

). +f he can(t answer that "uestion well, we can only do it worse\

]. =our watch is about Z minutes slower than mine. !o wonder $.q n8n gi lit. difficult to blame.% you c

later than + did.

1^. 4e pays even more attention to his health than his girlfriend does to hers.

11. >r. >a Fnows much more about Chinese landscape painting than my teacher does.

1N. -n 3undays + prefer sleeping in at home to getting up early and going to the parF.

http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/Comparative_feedback.html

http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/Comparative%20Answeres.htm

http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/Comparative_feedback.html

http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/Comparative%20Answeres.htm

Date post:	24-Feb-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	alexandra-sml
View:	235 times
Download:	0 times

Comparatii chineza

Documents