9주차. Compare and Contrast Essays
9주차. Compare and Contrast Essays
Lesson contents
Compare and Contrast Essays
- The purpose of essays
- Useful expressions for similarities
- Useful expressions for differences
- The organization of block method
- The organization of the point-by-
point method
Lesson objectives
Understanding the organization
of block method
Understanding the organization
of point-by-point method
Writing compare and contrast
essays
Mission
9주차. Compare and Contrast Essays
Compare and Contrast
Essays Ⅰ
The Purpose
This is the process of identifying
how things are alike and different.
Comparing requires you to think
about the very specific attributes or
characteristics of the things you’re
observing and studying.
1
What is the purpose of compare and
contrast essays?
The Purpose 1
What is the purpose of compare and
contrast essays?
This essay promotes vocabulary
development, concept development,
and higher level thinking. Further,
compare and contrast essays give
you a cognitive strategy to help you
mentally organize the information
you’re learning.
The Purpose 1
What is the purpose of compare and
contrast essays?
Finally, comparing and contrasting
strategies support learning in all
areas when two items in a category
can be analyzed. Categories might
include places, historical events,
animal groups, planets, famous
people, modes of transportation, etc.
Comparison Phrases and Sentences 2
and…too Tokyo has an efficient subway
system, and Korea does, too.
both…and Both Japan and Korea are in Asia.
Useful expressions for similarities
similarly
Tokyo has an efficient subway
system. Similarly, Korea has an
efficient subway system.
likewise
Tokyo has an efficient subway
system. Likewise, Korea also has
an efficient subway system.
Comparison Phrases and Sentences 2
Useful expressions for similarities
Comparison Phrases and Sentences 2
Alike Tokyo and Seoul are alike in several
ways.
like The weather in Tokyo is like the
weather in Seoul.
similar to
The population of Frankfurt is similar
to the population of Vienna.
Useful expressions for similarities
Comparison Phrases and Sentences 2
the same ~ as Bangkok has the same kind of
weather as Manila.
the same as
The altitude of Calcutta is the
same as the altitude of
Copenhagen.
as…as
Tokyo’s subway system is as
efficient as Korea’s.
Useful expressions for similarities
Contrast Phrases and Sentences 3
but
The Sahara desert has a dry
climate, but the Amazon rain
forest has a wet climate.
different from
The climate in the Sahara
desert is very different from
the climate in the Amazon rain
forest.
Useful expressions for differences
Contrast Phrases and Sentences 3
however
The Sahara desert has a dry
climate. However, the
Amazon rain forest has a wet
climate.
in contrast
The Sahara desert has a dry
climate. In contrast, the
Amazon rain forest has a wet
climate.
Useful expressions for differences
Contrast Phrases and Sentences 3
on the other
hand
The Sahara desert has a dry
climate. On the other hand, the
Amazon rain forest has a wet
climate.
while While the Sahara desert is dry, the
Amazon rain forest is wet.
Useful expressions for differences
Contrast Phrases and Sentences 3
whereas
Whereas the Sahara desert is
dry, the Amazon rain forest is
wet.
unlike Unlike rain forests, deserts get
very little rain.
Useful expressions for differences
Exercise 4
There
are
several
differences
similarities
between ___
and ___.
EX There are several differences
between Japan and Korea.
There are several similarities
between Japan and Korea.
Exercise 4
___ and ___ are similar
different
in many
ways.
EX Japanese food and Korean
food are similar in many ways.
Japanese food and Korean
food are different in many
ways.
Exercise 4
___ and ___ have several things
in common.
EX Japanese and Korea have
several things in common.
You and I have many things in
common.
Exercise 4
A comparison
between ___
and ___
reveals
shows
demonstrates
______.
Exercise 4
EX A comparison between Japan
and Korea reveals some
surprising similarities.
A comparison between cyber
universities and off-line
universities demonstrates the
good points and bad points of
both types of institutions.
Task1
Write comparison or contrast sentences using the following
ideas and expressions.
1) and / too, cats, dogs
Write comparison or contrast sentences using the following
ideas and expressions.
2) likewise, spaghetti, pizza
Drag and drop the comparison or contrast phrases into the blanks.
contrast, is similar to, both, too, but,
the other hand, different from, however
1. Spring weather in Vancouver ____________ spring weather in
Halifax.
2. _____ Vancouver and Halifax have rain in the spring.
3. Thailand has a rainy season, and Korea does ____.
4. On _________________, winter is much colder in Halifax.
Answer
Drag and drop the comparison or contrast phrases into the blanks.
contrast, is similar to, both, too, but,
the other hand, different from, however
5. ___________ winter is much colder in Halifax.
6. Vancouver has a warm winter. In _________ Halifax has a cold
winter.
7. Vancouver has a mild winter; ______ Halifax has a cold one.
8. The biting winter in Halifax is very _________ _____ the winters in
Vancouver.
Answer
When writing compare and contrast essays, it’s important that your topic
makes sense. Look at the following list of topics. Match each topic on
the left with a topic on the right to logically form an appropriate
comparison/contrast essay topic.
1. Brazil’s national football team
2. Arranged marriages
3. Gender roles in Arab countries
4. Homes in Canada
5. 4-year universities
6. American SAT
7. fashion in Seoul
8. Fast food eateries
a. Apartments in Korea
b. 2-year colleges
c. Korean college entrance exam
d. relationships based on love
e. clothing preferences in rural Korea
f. America’s team
g. Social hierarchy in Korea
h. fine dining restaurants
Write a sample thesis statement for a compare/contrast
essay on each of the following topics. Use a variety of
sentence patterns.
Topic Thesis statement
Lotteria and McDonald’s
North Korea and South Korea
Jeju Island and Hawaii
9주차. Compare and Contrast Essays
Compare and Contrast
Essays Ⅱ
1
We can explore things by
describing the ways in which they
are the same or similar, or the
ways in which they are dissimilar
or different. There are two main
ways to organize paragraphs
which involve comparison/contrast.
Writing compare/contrast essays
1
One way is to write all the
properties for one thing and then,
all the properties for the other thing.
This shows the similarities and
differences between the two. We
call this the block method.
Writing compare/contrast essays
1
Another option is to explain all the
properties of each item alongside
each opposing property of the other.
Similarities and difference are
therefore discussed at the same
time. This is the point-by-point
method.
Writing compare/contrast essays
2
This is the Block Method
Topic A – Eastern styles
1) Emphasize personal relationship
with business partners on
individual basis
2) Rely on trust when doing business
3) Ownership under tight control of
core family members
Eastern & Western business styles
1
2
This is the Block Method
Topic A – Eastern styles
4) Decisions usually made by a few
people based on personal
experience and judgment: fast and
flexible, but unnecessarily risky.
Eastern & Western business styles
1
2
This is the Block Method
Topic A – Eastern styles
5) Eastern businessmen tend to be
conservative, often keeping to the
markets and products they know
best.
Eastern & Western business styles
1
2
This is the Block Method
Topic B – Western styles
1) Emphasize relationship with
business partners on the basis of
institutions
2) Rely on formal contracts and legal
protection
Eastern & Western business styles
1
2
This is the Block Method
Topic B – Western styles
3) Management characterized by
working teams comprising
professionals at different levels
4) Decisions made by a group of
experts based on scientific and
objective research and analysis:
slow and inflexible, but less risky
Eastern & Western business styles
1
2
This is the Block Method
Topic B – Western styles
5) Western businessmen tend to be
pioneering and are willing to
venture into new markets.
Eastern & Western business styles
1
2
This is the Point by Point Method
Eastern & Western business styles
2
Eastern styles Western styles
1) Emphasize
personal
relationship
with business
partners on
individual
basis
Emphasize
relationship with
business
partners on the
basis of
institutions
2
This is the Point by Point Method
Eastern & Western business styles
2
Eastern styles Western styles
2) Relies on trust
when doing
business
Rely on formal
contracts and
legal protection
2
This is the Point by Point Method
Eastern & Western business styles
2
Eastern styles Western styles
3) Ownership
under tight
control of core
family
members
Management
characterized by
working teams
comprising
professionals at
different level
2
This is the Point by Point Method
Eastern & Western business styles
2
Eastern styles Western styles
4) Decisions usually
made by a few
people based on
personal experience
and judgment: fast
and flexible but
unnecessarily risky.
Decisions made by a
group of experts based
on scientific and
objective research and
analysis: slow and
inflexible, but less risky.
2
This is the Point by Point Method
Eastern & Western business styles
2
Eastern styles Western styles
5) Eastern businessmen
tend to be
conservative, often
keeping to the
markets and
products they know
best
Eastern businessmen
tend to be conservative,
often keeping to the
markets and products
they know best
Task2
Write a paragraph comparing frogs and toads.
Use the Point-by-Point method for organization, but consider
whether is would be the best choice for your content.
Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Keeps each set of points for discussion close together. The reader does not have to remember as much information.
• Keeps the paper clearly organized.
• Avoids summary.
• Can appear mechanical and monotonous.
• Does not provide a unified discussion of the two sides
Write a paragraph comparing frogs and toads.
Use the Point-by-Point method for organization, but consider
whether is would be the best choice for your content.
9주차. Compare and Contrast Essays
Writing and music are similar in
some respects, and different in
others. Write a compare/contrast
essay to explore this topic.
List anything you can think of.
1) Comparisons (similarities) between writing and music.
List anything you can think of.
1) Comparisons (similarities) between writing and music.
Answer
① When you do it well, it's an art.
② It’s a skill you acquire with time and patience. Process is as
important as end-product when you are beginning to pick up the
skill.
③ Learning the foundations of each (structure for writing, scales
for music) in necessary before becoming skilled.
④ Like music, good writing has "color" and "tone"-it can evoke
emotion.
⑤ Like music, good writing can be created collaboratively (though
this is less common).
List anything you can think of.
2) Contrasting ideas between writing and music.
List anything you can think of. Answer
① Unlike music, writing evokes thought as well as feeling.
② Unlike music, it's usually created solo rather than as a group
effort.
③ Unless we are professional musicians, we don't need music
skills on a daily basis; writing, however, is something we use in
a variety of practical ways in a variety of environments other
than leisure.
2) Contrasting ideas between writing and music.
Now examine the points you made and compile your
brainstorming ideas into paragraphs. Write a topic sentence to
focus your comparison/contrast; it should state your subjects and
the assertion you want to make about them as a result of your
analysis. After you write your topic sentence, write your
paragraphs below to form a comparison/contrast essay.
After you write your topic sentence, write your paragraphs below
to form a comparison/contrast essay. Possible answer
Even if you've never tried to learn a musical instrument, you can
probably imagine how learning to write can be compared to learning a
musical instrument. They both require a set of skills. Furthermore,
when they're performed well, they can be considered an art, with the
power to greatly move audiences.
In the first place, learning any musical instrument can be a grueling
process, but once you learn to play competently, you're rewarded by
the beautiful sound of music at your fingertips. Once you gain control
over the notes you're trying to reach, and the tones those notes create,
you can consciously set a mood and create an atmosphere.
After you write your topic sentence, write your paragraphs below
to form a comparison/contrast essay. Possible answer
You can make people dance for joy or make them weep. But you don't
gain that control overnight. Learning an instrument requires a big time
investment, a lot of patient practice. Your fingers have to go over and
over the same positions as you learn scales and practice exercises that
increase dexterity. The sounds you produce may be ugly at first:
discordant, disjointed, off rhythm. But through continued practice you'll
begin to play more smoothly, with greater feeling, and with fewer
mistakes. Pretty soon, you'll feel like you've arrived. You can play.
Similarly, writing well is an art in the sense that it has an "aesthetic"
experience to offer us-when we're finished we may have created
something truly beautiful.
After you write your topic sentence, write your paragraphs below
to form a comparison/contrast essay. Possible answer
Reading a good piece of writing, we can experience its truth and beauty.
It has the power to affect us intellectually, emotionally. But learning to
write well is a skill we can acquire only through time and patience. In
the beginning, "process" is as important as "product." While we're
learning drafting, revising, and editing skills, our first attempts may be
fumbling or unfocused, incoherent, and full of error, but if we keep
practicing the fundamentals, before long we get the hang of it.
Concepts like structure, unity, coherence, development, style, and
syntax aid rather than intimidate us. They provide the solid foundation
upon which we express new ideas.
After you write your topic sentence, write your paragraphs below
to form a comparison/contrast essay. Possible answer
Writing and making music aren't always similar. In a few key ways,
these skills are more different than they are the same. First, whereas
music and writing both have the power to evoke strong feeling, writing
is probably better at making audiences think. Second, whereas music is
often created collaboratively, writing is often created solo. Even when
writing projects are collaborative, individual writers often work
separately on unique tasks and then assemble the group's work into a
whole. They rarely do the work of writing face to face with other group
members, though they may seek advice and feedback from group
members.
After you write your topic sentence, write your paragraphs below
to form a comparison/contrast essay. Possible answer
Finally, the biggest difference between writing and making music is that,
unless a person is a professional musician, we don't use music skills on
a daily basis in the variety of environments that we use writing.
Given that learning to write and learning to play music can be so
similar, it makes sense to evaluate a writer's skills at the end of a
course rather than at the beginning. It isn't what students know when
they start that counts, or even what you know along the way; it's what a
student can do by the end that really matters.
번역
설사 당신이 악기 배우는 노력을 한번도 해본 경험이 없어도 당신은 어쩌면 글 쓰는 것을
배우는 것이 악기를 배우는 것과 비교되어 질 수 있는 방법을 상상할 수 있습니다. 글
쓰는 것을 배우는 것과 악기를 배우는 것은 모두 일련의 기술이 필요합니다. 더욱이
이러한 일들은 잘 수행되면 청중을 크게 감동 시킬 수 있는 힘을 가진 기술로 생각될 수
있습니다.
첫째로 악기를 배우는 것은 힘든 과정이 될 수 있습니다. 그러나 일단 당신이 자신 있게
연주하는 것을 배우면 당신은 당신의 손가락 끝에서 나오는 아름다운 음악의 소리에
의해서 보상을 받습니다.
일단 당신이 도달하려고 하는 음들과 그 음들이 만들어 내는 음조를 자유롭게 다룰 수
있게 되면 당신은 의식적으로 어떤 기분을 정하거나 분위기를 창조할 수 있습니다.
당신은 사람들이 기뻐서 춤을 추도록 하거나 그들이 울도록 할 수 있습니다. 그러나
하룻밤 만에 그러한 능력이 생기지는 않습니다. 악기를 배우는 것은 많은 시간 투자와
인내심 있는 많은 연습이 필요합니다. 당신의 손가락은 당신이 악보를 배우고 기민함을
증가시키는 연습을 실행함에 따라서 같은 위치를 여러 번 반복해서 연습하게 됩니다.
당신이 만들어 내는 소리는 처음에는 듣기 안 좋을 수 있습니다. 불협화음이고, 박자가
맞지 않을 수 있습니다.
번역
그러나 계속적인 연습을 통해서 당신은 더 매끄럽게 연주하게 되며 큰 감정을 넣을 수
있게 되고 실수는 줄어들게 됩니다. 머지 않아 당신은 당신이 어느 수준에 도달한 것처럼
느낄 것입니다. 당신은 연주할 수 있습니다.
이와 비슷하게 글을 잘 쓰는 것은 우리에게 제공할 미적 경험이 있다는 점에서 즉 글을
끝마쳤을 때 진정으로 아름다운 어떤 것을 창조해낸다는 점에서 예술입니다. 좋은 글을
읽으면서 우리는 그것의 진실과 아름다움을 경험 할 수 있습니다. 좋은 글은 지적으로
정서적으로 우리에게 영향을 줄 수 있는 힘이 있습니다. 그러나 글을 잘 쓰는 것을
배우는 것은 시간과 인내심에 의해서만 획들 될 수 있는 기술입니다. 우선 처음에는
과정이 결과물만큼 중요합니다.
번역
초고를 쓰는 방법, 수정하는 방법, 그리고 편집하는 기술을 배우는 동안 우리의 첫 번째
시도는 서투르거나 또는 초점 맞지 않고 일관성이 없고, 실수투성이 될 수 있습니다.
그러나 우리가 기본적인 사항을 계속해서 연습하면 머지 않아 우리는 요령을 터득할
것입니다. 구조, 통일성, 일관성, 전개, 문체, 그리고 배어법 등에 관한 관점은 우리를
위협하기 보다는 도움을 줍니다. 이러한 개념들은 우리의 생각을 표현하는데 있어서
기초가 될 수 있는 견고한 토대를 제공합니다.
글쓰기와 음악연주가 항상 비슷한 것은 아닙니다. 몇 가지 중요한 방법에서 이 두 기술은
같기보다는 서로 다릅니다.
번역
첫째, 음악과 글쓰기는 모두 강한 감정을 불러일으키는 반면, 글쓰기가 독자가 하여금 더
생각을 하게 합니다. 둘째, 음악은 협력해서 창조되는 반면 글쓰기는 대부분 혼자서
창조합니다. 심지어 글쓰기 프로젝트가 공동작업이라고 하더라도 각 작가가 개별적으로
특정 주제에 대해 작업을 수행한 다음 각 집단들의 작업을 모아 하나로 만듭니다. 그들은
비록 충고나 피드백을 구하기도 하지만 다른 작가들과 얼굴을 마주보고 글을 쓰지는
않습니다.
마지막으로; 글쓰기와 음악 연주 가장 큰 차이점은 전문적인 연주가가 아니라면 우리는
다양한 환경에서 매일 연주 기술을 사용하지 않지만, 글쓰기는 한다는 사실입니다.
번역
글쓰기를 배우는 것과 음악을 연주하는 것을 배우는 것이 비슷하다는 점을 고려해볼 때
작가의 능력을 평가할 때 처음보다는 마지막에 하는 것이 바람직합니다. 학생들이
글쓰기를 시작할 때 알고 있는 것, 또는 심지어 당신이 도중에 알게 되는 것이 중요하지
않습니다. 실제로 중요한 것은 학생들이 마지막에 무엇을 할 수 있느냐 하는 것입니다.
번역
9주차. Compare and Contrast Essays
Compare and Contrast Essays
These essays identify similarities and
differences.
For similarities, the following expressions
are useful:
and … too
both and
similarly likewise
alike like
similar to
the same as
as … as
Compare and Contrast Essays
For differences:
but different from
however in contrast
on the other hand
while whereas
unlike
Methods for Organizing Paragraphs for Compare and
Contrast Essays
The Block Method
Presents all points about the first topic
and then presents all the points about
the second topic.
The Point-by-Point Method
Presents one point about the first and
second topics and then presents
another point about the first and the
second topics.