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Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and...

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Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.
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Page 1: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

Comparing Microbes

Microbes and Infectious Disease

The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

Page 2: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

Microbiology

Explores microscopic organisms that include:

Viruses

Bacteria

protozoa

Parasites

Fungi

Algae

Page 3: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

Is It Alive

Microbes include a wide variety of organisms. Scientists use a set of criteria to constitute what is

a living organism.– Composed of cells– Perform certain chemical process such as growth and

digestion– Reproduce– Make their own nutrients or ingest nutrients from

environment– Respond to a stimuli such as light and touch

Page 4: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

Types of Microbes (3 types, these are also called Pathogens)

• Viruses – Have to have a host to survive/reproduce

• Bacteria – Do not need a host to survive/reproduce, most can survive without oxygen

• Parasites – Feed off of a host, usually harms the host. Does not need the host to reproduce

Mosquito – Parasite (can

carry malaria)

Page 5: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

Viruses• Microscopic organisms that get

inside a healthy cell and often destroy the cell.

• Many viruses cause diseases such as the common cold, flu, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

• A virus CANNOT live or function on its own, it requires a host – a living thing the virus/parasite lives on or in.

• Antibiotics DO NOT kill viruses - Rest and fluids recommended. Vaccine or anti – viral drug is used.

Avian Flu Virus

Page 6: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

Viruses continued

• Most widespread illnesses among humans.• Range from mild fevers to some forms of cancer• Several other severe and fatal diseases.• Transmission can be by: human contact,

through water or a bite.

• http://phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/virus/index.html

Page 7: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

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Page 8: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

Bacteria(Also known as a Prokaryotes)

• Unicellular

• Can live in variety of places, with oxygen, without oxygen, extreme hot or cold.

• Living (do not need a host to survive)

• Have three basic shapes

Page 9: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

Bacteria (con’t)

• Many diseases caused by bacteria are contagious/infectious

• Bacterial diseases can be treated with an antibiotic.

• Some bacterial diseases are Strep throat, sinus infections, tuberculosis

Streptococcus

Page 10: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

What happens if we over use antibiotics?

• What is created from the overuse of antibiotics?

Page 11: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

Parasites• A parasite is an organism that

gets its food from another living organism (a host)

• Lives either on or in the host.• Parasites can come in the form

of a protists, fungi or tiny invertebrates.

• Parasites cause diseases such as malaria, athlete’s foot, elephantiasis, etc.

• Natural selection favors adaptations that allow the parasite to efficiently exploit its host.

Page 12: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

Protist & Fungi(Are Parasites)

• Protists such as and amoeba can cause African Sleeping Sickness

• Fungi – Eczema,

Athlete’s

Foot

Page 13: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

Fungi

• Eukaryotic • Most are multicellular heterotrophs.• Adapt to its environment• Attack the tissues of living plants and animals and

cause disease.• Major concern for humans: not only food sources

becoming a competitor for nutrients from the food.• Mold spores – airborne and have allergic reaction

Page 14: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

Mutagens

Are substances that causes a person’s cells to mutate, or change form

Examples of mutagens: X-rays, cigarette smoke, even sunlight

Sunlight causes skin cells to change/mutate which may cause skin cancer.

Page 15: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

http://notobacco.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/mouth_cancer2.jpg

Mouth Cancer caused by the use of tobacco products

Page 16: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

www.drsidle.com/procedures/skin_cancer.html

Skin Cancer possibly caused by exposure to sunlight

Page 17: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

How Infectious Disease Spreads

Vectors – transmit a pathogen from a host to a new organism. Ex: mosquito bites animal infected with malaria and then bites a person

Carrier – An organism that passes diseases to others even though they may not feel sick. A human with HIV can transmit HIV virus to another human being even if they do not show any symptoms.

http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/ecoinf/ecoinf.htm

Page 18: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

Infectious Diseases

Diseases that can be passed from one living thing to another.

May also be caused by animal parasites, which may be in intestines, blood or tissues.

Transmitted by coughing, sneezing, direct or indirect contact.

Examples: Flu, cold, measles, mumps, chicken pox, STD’s

Avian Flu (H5N1) – Person contacts an infected bird. Not passed person to person.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iS3PO5mj-a8

Page 19: Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

Non-Infectious Disease

Usually develop due to a mutation in the DNA or from lifestyle choices.

Examples (DNA): Cancer, MS(multiple sclerosis), MD (muscular dystrophy), Cystic Fibrosis

Examples of lifestyle choices: Smoking, drinking, taking drugs. These can lead to cancer, liver disease, and immune disorders.


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