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Comparison of Different Coal-basedPower Generation Technologies

A Subcomponent of the WHRC Project on

Climate Policy for Development in Emerging Economies

Sponsored by Hewlett Foundation

Conducted by Energy Technology Innovation Policy and

Institute of Engineering and Themophysics of China

Prepared by Lifeng Zhao (ETIP)

Oct. 12, 2007

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Brief Introduction Data Collection

Thermodynamic Performance Environmental Performance

Economic Assessment

Next Steps

Contents

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Cost and performance differences among differenttechnology options Sub-critical PC, 600MW Sub-critical PC, 600MW+Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) Sub-critical PC, 600MW+FGD+ Flue gas denitrification Super Critical PC 600MW

Super Critical PC 600MW+FGD Super Critical PC 600MW+FGD+ Flue gas denitrification USC PC, 600MW USC PC, 600MW+FGD USC PC, 600MW+FGD+ Flue gas denitrification CFB 300MW IGCC 200MW

What should we do

Brief Introduction

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Data needed for calculation of performance

typical coal types steam parameters, steam consumption, and heat recovery

system parameters of typical sub-critical, SC, and USC PCplants

technical parameters of gas turbine combined cycle powergeneration system

Data needed for calculation of economics equipment cost construction work cost installation work cost primary material cost fuel and power cost

Data Collection

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Pathways to data collection

plant visits

attendance at conferences

technology vendor and manufacturercontacts

interviews with experts

Data Collection

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No. Title Contents

1 Shan Xi Fertilizer plantFixed bed gasifier (equipment, construction engineering,

and installation engineering)

2Jilin Changshan Fertilizer(Group) Co., LTD.

Fluidized bed gasifier (equipment, constructionengineering, and installation engineering)

4East China University ofScience and Technology

Entrained-bed gasifier, including GE, Shell, and new coal-water slurry with opposed multi-nozzles gasifier

6

Air Products and

Chemicals (China)

Air Separation Unit (equipment, construction engineering,

and installation engineering)

7Air Liquide (Hangzhou)LTD., CO.

Air Separation Unit (equipment, construction engineering,and installation engineering)China Huadian Corporation

3 Yankuang Group

Entrained-bed gasifier (new coal-water slurry with

opposed multi-nozzles gasifier), sysgas cleanup unit(equipment, construction engineering, and installationengineering)

5Sichuan BluestarMachinery Co., Ltd

ShanxGaisifier manufacturei Luan Group

8

Test and demoNanjing

Turbine & ElectricMachinery (Group) Co.,LTD.

6B and 9E gas turbines, HRSG , steam turbine, auxiliary

system, Control system, electric system, water treatmentsystem, water supply system, fuel supply system,thermodynamic system

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9Harbin BoilerCompany Limited

subcritical, supercritical, ultra supercritical boilers and CFBboilers

10 Shanghai Electric subcritical, supercritical, ultra supercritical boilers andsteam turbines, electric motors

12

North China Power

Engineering Co., LTD.

Financial discount rate, loan rate, loan ratio, depreciationperiod, depreciation residual rate, amortization of intangible

assets, amortization of deferred assets, Urban constructioncharge rate, Extra charges rate of education funs, Operatingearning tax rate, Income tax rate

14 Shenhua Group Coal price

15Clean EnvironmentalProtectionEngineering Co., LTD.

FGD, flue gas denitrification

11Zhengjiang Electric

Power Design Institute

Financial discount rate, loan rate, loan ratio, depreciationperiod, depreciation residual rate, amortization of intangibleassets, amortization of deferred assets, Urban construction

charge rate, Extra charges rate of education funs, Operatingearning tax rate, Income tax rate

13 China Huaneng Group

subcritical, supercritical, ultra supercritical PC power plants(capital, operations and maintenance costs), Construction

period, Operation period, Load of first year in the operationperiod, Load of second year in the operation period, Annualoperation hours

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Site

Design Air Pressure 1atm

Design Temperature 298KRelative Humidity 55%

Transportation Rail access

Water Municipal

The design and calculation basisSite characteristicsCoal characteristics

Site Characteristics

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Coal

Proximate Analysis%wt Ultimate Analysis%wtdrybasis

Moisture 10.56 Carbon 76.99

Fixed Carbon 52.52 Hydrogen 4.58

Volatile Matter 30.64 Oxygen 10.07

Ash 6.28 Nitrogen 0.94

Sulfur 0.4

ASH 7.02

As-Received LHVkJ/kg 26110

Base Coal Analysis Shendong Coal

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Emissions Standards

Particulate matter: 100mg/Nm3

SO2: 450mg/Nm3

NOx: Vdaf20% 450 mg/Nm3

10%Vdaf20% 650 mg/Nm3

Vdaf10% 1100 mg/Nm3

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Thermodynamic Performance

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

Sub-c

riticalP

C

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+F

GD

Sub

-critic

alPC

+FGD+S

NCR

SCPC

SCPC+

FGD

SCPC+F

GD+SNC

R

USCPC

USCPC+

FGD

USCPC

+FGD+S

NCR

C

FB

IGC

C(M

ulti-N

ozzlegas

ifier)

IGCC

(dry

coalpulveri

zed)

power

supply

efficien

cy(%)

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Thermodynamic Performance

270

280

290

300

310

320

330

Sub-c

ritica

lPC

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+FG

D

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+

FGD+

SNCR

SCPC

SCPC+F

GD

SCPC+F

GD+SNC

R

USCPC

USCPC

+FGD

USCPC

+FGD

+SNC

RCFB

IGCC

(Multi-N

ozzle

gasifier

)

IGCC

(dry

coalpulve

rized)

Standardcoalc

onsumptionrate(g/kWh)

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Environmental Performance

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

Sub-c

ritica

lPC

Sub-c

riticalP

C+FG

D

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+FG

D+SN

CRSC

PC

SCPC+F

GD

SCPC+F

GD+SNC

R

USCPC

USCPC

+FGD

USCPC

+FGD

+SNC

RCFB

IGCC

(Multi-N

ozzle

gasifier

)

IGCC

(dry

coalpulve

rized)

SO2E

missions(g/kWh)

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Environmental Performance

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Sub-c

riticalPC

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+FGD

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+

FGD+

SNCR

SCPC

SCPC+F

GD

SCPC+F

GD+SNCR

USCPC

USCPC

+FGD

USCPC

+FGD

+SNCR CFB

IGCC

(Multi-N

ozzle

gasifier)

IGCC

(dry

coalpulve

rized)

SO2Emissions(mg/Nm3)

Standard

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Environmental Performance

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

1.400

1.600

Sub-c

riticalPC

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+FGD

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+FG

D+SNCR SCPC

SCPC+FGD

SCPC+F

GD+SNCR

USCPC

USCPC

+FGD

USCPC

+FGD

+SNCR CFB

IGCC

(Multi-N

ozzle

gasifier

)

IGCC

(dry

coalpulve

rized)

NOxEmissions(g/kWh)

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Environmental Performance

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Sub-c

riticalP

C

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+FG

D

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+FG

D+SNC

RSCP

C

SCPC+FG

D

SCPC+F

GD+SNC

R

USCP

C

USCPC

+FGD

USCPC

+FGD

+SNCR

CFB

IGCC

(Multi-N

ozzle

gasifie

r)

IGCC

(dry

coalpulve

rized)

NOxE

missions(mg/Nm3)

Standard

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0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

0.140

0.160

0.180

0.200

Sub-c

riticalPC

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+FGD

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+FG

D+SNCR

SCPC

SCPC+F

GD

SCPC+F

GD+SN

CR

USCPC

USCPC+F

GD

USCPC

+FGD

+SNCR

C

FB

IGCC

(Multi-N

ozzle

gasifie

r)

IGCC

(dry

coalpulveri

zed)

Particulate

MatterEmissions(g/kWh)

Environmental Performance

Environmental Performance

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Environmental Performance

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Sub-c

riticalPC

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+FGD

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+FG

D+SNCR SCPC

SCPC+FGD

SCPC+F

GD+SNCR

USCPC

USCPC

+FGD

USCPC

+FGD

+SNCR CFB

IGCC

(Multi-N

ozzle

gasifier

)

IGCC

(dry

coalpulve

rized)

CO2

Emissions(kg/kWh)

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Formation and Analysis System for InvestmentProject Feasibility Study is used to calculate totalplant investment and COE

The system was developed based on theguidelines on investment project feasibility study

issued by NDRC in 2002

Economic Assessment

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Economic Assessment (cont.)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Sub-c

ritica

lPC

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+FG

D

Sub-c

ritica

lPC+FG

D+SN

CRSC

PC

SCPC+F

GD

SCPC+F

GD+SNC

R

USCPC

USCPC

+FGD

USCPC

+FGD

+SNC

RCFB

IGC

C(M

ulti-N

ozzle

gasifier

)

IGCC

(dry

coalpulve

rized)

capital

cost(RMBYuan/kW)

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Plan for Next Steps

Scenario design

Chinas own prediction for mid-term powerdemand

Efficiency improvement goals

Emission reduction goals

Costs and benefits (efficiency improvement

and emission reductions) of different scenarios

Policies for realizing a certain scenario