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Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process
Todd French, PhDMississippi State University
Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical [email protected]
662-325-4308
What are Microorganisms?
• Living organisms too small to see without the aide of magnification
• Members– Commercially Important Chemical Producers
• Bacteria• Archaea• Fungi• Yeast
– Non Commercially• Viruses• Protozoans• Ameobes
http://www.microbeworld.org/images/microbes/methanopyrus.jpg
http://biyolojiegitim.yyu.edu.tr/k/Legi/images/Legionella%20bacteria_jpg.jpg4
http://www.kitchenproject.com
Natural Facts
• Microorganisms require their nutrients to be in solution.– That solvent is water
• Life as we understand it has to have the following in order of abundance– Water– Carbon– Nitrogen– Phosphorus– Trace Elements
• Microorganisms follow all of the natural laws as does everything– For example
• They cannot create energy• They cannot cause a reaction to occur that would not naturally occur• They derive the energy from reduced metals, organics, hydrogen, or sunlight.
Madigan, M.T. Martinko, and J. Parker. 2003. Biology of Microorganisms. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ
Creating A Carbon-Based Life Form
• List the criteria that we must address to have a living breathing organism?– Should we protect this creation from the
elements?– Where will this organisms obtain energy?– How do we control the mass and energy
changes? – How do we regulate water movement and is it
necessary?
How did Nature do it?
http://www.smartdraw.com/examples/content/Examples/Healthcare/Microbiology_&_Biochemistry/Bacteria_L.jpg
Protection from the Environment
Building Blocks of Microbial Life
http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/images/book_4/chapter_2/2-39.gif
http://www.ewa.cz/pages1/813_soubory/aminoacids.gif
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/580bases.gif
Organic Energy Sources
http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/cellresp/glycolysis.gifhttp://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_02_img0148.jpg
http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/MBG/MBG4/Enzymes.02.GIF
Enzymatic Reactions
http://tigger.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys461/phys450/ANJUM05/hexokinase.jpg
http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/dna/a/translation/pics/translation2.gifhttp://www.geneticengineering.org/chemis/Chemis-NucleicAcid/Graphics/Transcription.gif
Catalyst Kinetics
• Enzyme Kinetics • Heterogeneous catalyst kinetics
http://www.hottopos.com/regeq11/images/reg016.gif
http://www.irvingcrowley.com/cls/competitive-grap.gifhttp://scsg20.unige.ch/~tomek/ResearchExamples/image002.jpg
Differences B/W Biotic & Abiotic Processes
• Abiotic catalyst are orders of magnitude faster– Operate at much higher temperatures and pressures– Biotic catalyst can have very high specificity
• Biotic systems have an absolute requirement for water
• Biological systems are commonly self regulating
• Scale of the process– Obviously biotic systems are much larger
Similarities B/W Biotic & Abiotic Processes
• Adhere to natural laws– Will not cause rxn to occur that would not occur
otherwise– Cannot create energy or mass
• Requires chemical rxn
• Effected by temperature and pH– Biological systems mildly effected by pressure
Not that Dissimilar in Function
http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/cellresp/glycolysis.gifhttp://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/6/60/RefineryFlow.png