A R C H I V E S

o f

F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G

Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences

ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 10

Special Issue 2/2010 15 – 18

2/2

ARCHIVES OF FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Vo lume 10 , Spec ia l I ssue 2 /2010 , 15 -18

15

Comparison of possibilities the blast furnace and cupola slag utilization

by concrete production

D. Baricová a,*, A. Pribulová a, P. Demeter a

a Department of Iron Metallurgy and Foundry, Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Metallurgy, Park Komenského 14, 040 23 Košice, Slovak republic

*Corresponding author. E-mail address: dana.baricova@tuke.sk

Received 20.05.2010; accepted in revised form 05.06.2010

Abstract In process of pig iron and cast iron production secondary raw materials and industrial wastes are formed The most abundant secondary product originating in these processes are furnace slag. Blast furnace slag and cupola furnace slag originates from melting of gangue parts of metal bearing materials, slag forming additions and coke ash. In general, slag are compounds of oxides of metallic and non-metallic elements, which form chemical compounds and solutions with each other and also contain small volume of metals, sulfides of metals and gases. Chemical, mineralogical and physical properties of slag determinate their utilisation in different fields of industry. The paper presents results from the research of the blast furnace and cupola furnace slag utilization in the concrete production. Pilot experiments of the concrete production were performed, by that the blast furnace and cupola furnace slag with a fractions of 0–4mm; 4–8mm; 8–16mm were used as a natural substitute. A cupola furnace slag and combination of the blast furnace and cupola furnace slag were used in the experiments. The analysis results show that such concretes are suitable for less demanding applications. Keywords: Environment Protection, Mechanical Properties, Cupola Furnace slag, Blast furnace slag, Concrete Production

1. Introduction

In the technological process of the steel plant not only are main products being produced, but simultaneously by-products are created too. They have the characteristics of secondary materials and of industrial waste. Some of the main products of iron and cast making are solid light ash, waste gases, technological fluids and mostly slag. Metallurgical slag represents roughly 80% of by-products, which develop in the process of pig iron and cast iron production. Foundry slag, as opposed to blast-furnace and steel-making slag, are not used in Slovakia at all. In

most cases they are deposited on a dump, where they take useful land.

There were experiments made with production of concrete under conditions at the Department of Ferrous Metallurgy and Foundry, where natural aggregate was completely replaced by blast-furnace gravel or demetallized steel-making slag [1]. Favourable results of experiments and at the same time chemical similarity of blast-furnace slag and cupola slag have started a new series of experiments dealing with possibilities of cupola-slag utilization in production of concrete.

16

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S 33,68

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consisted in ad concrete. Its03: 1995 [2], [of aggregate artype of cemenvalues define

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17

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ARCHIVES OF FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Vo lume 10 , Spec ia l I ssue 2 /2010 , 15 -18

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We consider the evaluation of concrete mixtures and hardened concrete to be very important part in suggesting of new types of concretes. The tests of hardened concrete include: the influence of hydrating degree on properties of hardened concrete, the estimation of porosity of cement stone, determination of humidity, absorptivity and capillarity of concrete, determination of volume changes of concrete, shrinking and intumescence, chemical analysis of concrete, compression strength, tensile strength, tensile bending, etc. [4]. Table 4. Resulting compression strength and tensile bending after 28 days

compression

strength [MPa]

tensile bending [MPa]

A (100%) 3,2 1 B (10%) 10 3,3 C (20%) 12 4,3 D (30%) 13 3,8

STN 73 6123 (roud concrete) 28 4,0

STN ENV 206 –C 8/10 (plain concrete) 8 -

STN ENV 206 –C 12/15 (plain concrete) 12 -

As for our experiments, tensile bending and compression

strength tests were made. The tests were carried out in Engineering and Building Testing Institution. The resulting values of strength are shown in Table 4 which includes standardized values for road concrete as well as the ones of common concrete of lower grades.

It results from Table 4 that the concrete mixtures using blast-furnace and cupola slag do not comply with STN 73 6123 for road concretes. However mixtures B, C and D complies with the standard for concretes with lower strength properties, so called

common concretes, STN ENV 206 –C 8/10 and STN ENV 206 –C 12/15.

4. Conclusions

Approximately 1,950 tons of cupola slag is annually produced in Slovakia. All the production of the slag is dumped.

In semi-operational experiments, the possibilities of utilization of blast-furnace and cupola slag in concrete production as a substitution of natural aggregate were examined. For semi-operational experiments, various ratios of these slag were combined. It results from the measured mechanical properties that such concretes do not suit for very stressed road concretes, but they are suitable for common grades of concretes. They are plain concretes with volume mass of 2,000 - 2,400 kg.m-3. It is possible to use these concretes for building of base or levelling layers, foundations of structures, core parts of framed structures, etc.

Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development agency under the contract No. APVV-0180-07 (more information: http://web.tuke.sk/hf-kmzaz/apvv/index.html)

References [1] P. Demeter, D. Baricová, Ľ. Mihok, P. Ivanišin, Influence of

different factors on cencrete produced from the blast furnance, Iron and Steelmaking: 17. medzinárodná vedecká konferencia: Vysoké Tatry, Štrbské pleso, 17.-19. októbra 2007: Acta Metallurgica Slovaca. roč. 13, č. 5 (2007), s. 120-123. ISSN 1335-1532.

[2] STN 73 6123: 1996. [3] STN ISO 4103: 1995. [4] J. Slimák, Príspevok k otázkam navrhovania zloženia

betónových zmesí, Zborník prednášok zo seminára Výroba betónu, TU Košice, Stavebná fakulta, 2000, s. 38 – 44.

Porównanie możliwości wykorzystania żużla wielkopiecowego i żeliwiakowego do produkcji betonu

Streszczenie W referacie przedstawiono wyniki badań w zakresie wykorzystania żużla żeliwiakowego oraz mieszaniny żużla żeliwiakowego i żużla wielkopiecowego do produkcji betonu. Stosowano trzy frakcje żużli: 0-4 mm, 4-8 mm oraz 8-16 mm jako zamienniki naturalnego kruszywa. Przeprowadzono analizę chemiczną, mineralogiczną oraz ziarnową tych żużli. Stwierdzono, że betony wyprodukowane z udziałem tych żużli, co prawda nie spełniają wymagań stawianych betonom do budowy dróg, ale mogą one być wykorzystywane w mniej odpowiedzialnych konstrukcjach budowlanych.