:Prepared by

ISMAIL H-MOFTAH ELDABAR

Supervised by:

Professor Zakaria Suliman Zubi

COMPARISON OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR AD HOC

WIRELESS NETWORK WITH MEDICAL DATA

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Ad Hoc wireless network that without any central controlling authority, which is a collection of mobile nodes that are dynamically and arbitrarily located in such a manner that the interconnections between nodes are capable of changing on a continual basis, so nodes cooperate to route a packet.

Limited bandwidth of throughput and low delay in high density nodes are tow characteristics of Ad Hoc wireless network.

The purpose of the routing protocols is to discover rapid changes of the topology in such a way that intermediate nodes can act as routers to forward packets on behalf of the communicating pair .

Route construction should be done with a minimum of overhead and bandwidth consumption. In configuration, topology management issues are even more important in the context of Ad Hoc wireless networks.

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What is the wireless network?

3

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What is the wireless network?

4

Ad Hoc Wireless network is used in many applications such as healthcare, military, environmental, home automation, farming, surveillance security and traffic control. It normally consists of hundreds or thousands of nodes each capable to work as router, processing, and transmitting environmental information. However, an Ad Hoc Wireless network consists of nodes which could also have a fixed location or randomly deployed to monitor the environment, certain physical phenomena or to detect and track certain objects in an area of work. Ad Hoc Wireless networks are useful in the wide world which has static network structure that required by infrastructure network.

In Ad Hoc Wireless network any communication between nodes always requires routing over multi-hop paths between the source node and the destination node to self-organize and form a network over different links.

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Infrastructure Mode  using a central device, called a wireless access point. All wireless nodes can be connect to Ethernet network  through this access point. 

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Ad Hoc Mode is a collection of mobile nodes in communication without using infrastructure.

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Obstacles,

Noise,

Interference and

Fading.

which will reduce throughput and increase time delay for the data flow.

The links typically have less bandwidth than a wired network.

Each node in an Ad Hoc wireless network node functions as both a host and a

router, and the control of the network is circulated among the nodes.

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Find the most suitable Ad Hoc routing protocol for the designed network. Evaluate three most popularly used routing protocols.

Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV),

Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) and

Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA).

Build a network connected to a server via a wireless in OpNet simulater.

The evaluation will be conducted in terms of throughput and delay of these

protocols.

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StudyProtocolSimulatorMetricsConclusion

(Hsu J.Bhatia 2003) Performance of mobile ad hoc networking routing protocols in realistic scenarios

AODV,OLSR, DSR and ZRP

QualNetPacket delivery ratio, latency and jitter of data packets

AODV is overall better as compared to other.

(Vahid 2006) Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

DSDV, TORA, DSR and AODV

Ns-2

CBR traffic source, movement model based on pause time 

Weighted Path Optimality, Network’s Load Deviation, Average end-to-end delay, Jitter.

DSDV is best in Path Optimality, DSDV and AODV in delay, DSR in load balancing and DSDV in jitter.

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StudyProtocolSimulatorMetricsConclusion

(Rahman 2010) A Simulation Based Performance Comparison of Routing Protocol on Mobile Ad-hoc Network

AODV,DYMO, ZRP and OLSR

Qualnet 4.5CBR traffic source, two-ray propagation path loss model, mobility based on pause time

Packet Delivery Fraction, Average End-to-end delay, Jitter and Throughput

DYMO best in PDF, OLSR and ZRP good in average end to end delay, ZRP better than others in throughput

(Anuj K 2010) Performance analysis of AODV, DSR & TORA Routing Protocols

AODV, DSR and TORA

NS-2average End-to-End delay and packet delivery ratio

TORA is suitable for operation in large mobile networks having dense population of nodes. 

04/08/2311Classification of Ad Hoc routing protocols (Nadia 2009)

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AODV uses three control messages to obtain and maintain routes:

Route Request (RREQ) Route Reply (RREP)

Route Error (RERR)If a node is unable to forward packet, it generates a RERR message. When the originator node receives the RERR, it initiates

a new route discovery for the given route.

Route Request (RREQ ) and Route Replay (RREP) message (Jian Wu 2007)

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Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)

MPR and normal flooding (Mohamed 2011)

HELLOTC - Topology Control MID - Multiple Interface Declaration

multipoint relays (MPRs) to minimize the number of control messages flooding in the network.

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Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA)

Height of each node updated a result of message

Re-establishing route on failure link 5-7.The new reference level is node5

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Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)

MPR and normal flooding (Mohamed 2011)

OLSR employs multipoint relays (MPRs) to minimize the number of control messages flooding in the network. Each node chooses a subset of its one hop neighbors (MPRs) in such a way that these MPRs will cover all two-hop away neighbors. Hence, messages are only flooded through MPRs, and not to all nodes. Flooding through multipoint relays (MPRs) reduce the number of duplicate transmissions.

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Three control messages are defined to provide this functionality:HELLO

HELLO messages are exchanged between neighbours only, and diffuse information about the one hop neighbours of a node. Two hop neighbourhood can be discovered, and further, the MPRs of the given node can be chosen. The MPRs chosen by a node is further marked in the following HELLO messages broadcasted by that node.

TC - Topology Control All nodes chosen as MPR will transmit TC messages. The TC messages contain the address of the node generating the message, as well as the list of nodes that has chosen the given node as MPR. TC messages are further flooded using the MPRs, disseminating network topology information to all the nodes in the OLSR network.

MID - Multiple Interface Declaration The MID message is broadcasted by nodes running OLSR on more than one network interface.

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Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA)

TORA maintains multiple routes to the destination when topology changes frequently. It consists of link reversal of the Directed Acyclic Graph (ACG). It uses Internet MANET Encapsulation Protocol (IMEP) for link status and neighbour connectivity sensing. IMEP provide reliable, in-order delivery of all routing control messages from a node to all of its neighbours, and notification to the routing protocol whenever a link neighbours is created or broken.

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Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA)As TORA is for multihop networks which is considered to minimize the communication overhead associated with adapting to network topological changes by localization of algorithmic reaction. Moreover, it is bandwidth efficient and highly adaptive and quick in route repair during link failure figure2.8 and providing multiple routes to destination node in wireless networks.

Height of each node updated a result of message

Re-establishing route on failure link 5-7.The new reference level is node5

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We will choose two criteria which derived for QoS as follows:

Throughput:

the ratio of successfully transmitted of total amount of data receiver actually

receives from sender by bits divided by the time taken by receiver to obtain the

last packet by second for the entire network; this includes all routing data and

user data (Rahman 2010).Delay:

The time elapsed between the creation of a packet at its source and its destruction

at the destination, measured in seconds (Singla 2009). The packet end-to-end

delay is the time of generation of a packet by the source up to the destination

reception. So this is the time that a packet takes to go across the network. This

time is expressed in sec (Jha 2010).

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The purpose of this project is to research methods of transmitting real time data from a number of dynamic nodes in hospital environment.

1000m× 1000m indoor.

50-100 mobile workstations

wireless network server

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ParameterValue

SimulatorOpNet Modeler 14.0

Number of wireless Nodes50-100 mobile workstations and one mobile Server

Ad Hoc Routing ProtocolsAODV, OLSR and TORA

Time of simulation1800 seconds (30 minutes)

Simulation areaIndoor, 1000m x 1000 meters

Transmission range30-90 m

Physical CharacteristicsIEEE 802.11g

Data rate54 Mbps

ApplicationsHTTP, FTP, DATABASE, EMAIL and PRINT.

MetricsThroughput and Delay

The model parameters that will use in the experiments are summarized

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Application

Selection

AttributesThe Describe

1FTP 1,048,576 byte

(8Megabits)

File Transfer Protocol enables file transfers and

downloads between nodes.

2HTTP

Heavy browsing

307,200 byte

(2.34Megabits)

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an

application protocol foundation of data

communication for the World wide web.

3Email2,000 byte

(0.02Megabits)

Electronic mail is a method of exchanging

messages from an author to one or more

recipients. Modern Email operates across the

internet or other computer network.

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Application

Selection

AttributesThe Describe

4Database32,76byte

(0.25 megabits)

A database is an organized collection of data. A

database system implies that the data is

managed to some level of quality (measured in

terms of accuracy, availability, usability, and

resilience) and this in turn often implies the use

of a general-purpose database management

system (DBMS).

5Print

Color (Min 3,000-

Max 9,000,000) byte

(0.023 – 68.7

megabits)

Print out job submission on paper.

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Create Network

Network configuration

Run Simulation

View results

Test Result Analysis

Flow chart of OpNet

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Five main Scenarios for each network design (50-100 nodes)

Each scenario has one service for all nodes in our network designed.

Scenario 1: FTP on all workstations and the server.

Scenario 2: HTTP on all workstations and the server.

Scenario 3: EMAIL on all workstations and the server.

Scenario 4: DATABASE on all workstations and the server.

Scenario 5: PRINT on all workstations and the server.

Each scenario we will apply 3 routing protocols:

Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV),

Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) and

Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA).

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Simulation can be defined to show the eventual real behavior of the selected

system model, and it is a comprehensive set of tools with all the components for

custom network modeling and simulation. In this paper, an effort has been made

to perform a simulation model for ad hoc wireless network to monitor the

performance metrics of the network in different scenarios, and focus on the

comparison of data obtained by using OpNet modeler, also, the result obtained

from these different scenarios while a route recognized between source and

destination matchup is maintained as long as desirable by the source with

routing protocols selected.

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Questions?

Thank you.

Preparation: Ismail .H.Moftah EldabarSupervised by: Professor Zakaria Suliman Zubi