COMPARISON STUDY OF NEXT GENERATION FTTH...

COMPARISON STUDY OF NEXT GENERATION FTTH PON

ARCHITECTURES

MOHAMED ELMAGZOUB ABDALLA ZEINELABDIN

A project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the award of the degree of

Master of Engineering (Electrical- Electronics & Telecommunications)

Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

JANUARY 2012

To my beloved mother and father

To my brothers and sisters

To the Islamic nation

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In The Name Of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

First and foremost, I must be thankful to Allah SWT on His blessing for

finishing the research.

I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to my supervisor

Assoc. Prof Dr. Sevia M. Idrus, for his precious guidance, encouragement,

constructive criticisms, advice and motivation. Without his continual support and

interest, this project report would not have been that same as presented here.

Besides that, my highly appreciation extended to my parents for their

supporting, patience, love, prayer and sacrifice are unbounded during my study. My

special thanks must be extended to Prof. Abu Bakar bin Mohammad who taught me

Optical Communication and showed to me how this area is interesting. Also, I would

like to express my thanks to Mr. Redhwan Qasem Shaddad for introducing me to

Optisystem software.

v

ABSTRACT

Recent research activities in the area of optical networks technology are

focusing on possible extensions of current GPON and EPON since these systems

may suffer bandwidth limitations in the future, and they do not make use of the full

optical bandwidth. In this project two network architectures were proposed to satisfy

the requirements of NG-PON1 while being compatible with the standardized GPON

to protect the investment that have been spent. The two proposed architectures have

been simulated by using Optisystem simulation tool, and then analyze the

performances of the networks according to simulation results. The performance

evaluation parameters were the Q Factor (BER) and optical power budget. The first

architecture is a TDM-PON based. The main reason behind using TDMA in the first

architecture (10G TDM-PON) is to allow co-existence with the current generation

PONs. The second architecture is Hybrid TDM-WDM PON. After knowing the

optimum performance for each architectures by considering numbers of users (32, 64

and 128) and different length fiber (from 20 to 100 km), a comparison between the

architectures is done. The Hybrid TDM-WDM PON architecture has more power

budget capability than the 10G TDM-PON architecture. Therefore Hybrid TDM-

WDM PON architecture was found capable to serve longer distance than 10G TDM-

PON architecture. The two proposed architectures meet the requirements of NG

PON1, such as providing higher splitting ratio, higher bandwidth and longer reach

then current GPON system.

vi

ABSTRAK

Aktiviti penyelidikan terkini dalam bidang teknologi rangkaian optik banyak

memberi tumpuan kepada bentuk sambungan yang mungkin bagi konfigurasi GPON

dan EPON kerana sistem ini juga akan mengalami had jalurlebar pada masa akan

datang, ini kerana ia tidak menggunakan jalur lebar optik sepenuhnya. Dalam projek

ini, dua seni bina rangkaian telah dicadangkan untuk memenuhi keperluan NG-PON1

dan pada masa yang sama diserasikan dengan GPON diseragamkan untuk

melindungi pelaburan yang telah dibelanjakan. Kedua-dua seni bina yang

dicadangkan telah diuji dan disimulasikan dengan menggunakan program simulasi

komesial Optisystem 7.0, dan kemudiannya prestasi rangkaian dianalisi berdasarkan

hasil keputusan simulasi. Parameter penilaian prestasi Q-Factor (BER) dan anggaran

kuasa optik juga dianalisa. Seni bina pertama adalah berasaskan TDM-PON, yang

menggunakan teknik TDMA adalah dengan membenarkan kewujudan kaedah yang

mendokong generasi semasa PONs. Seni bina kedua pula ialah Hibrid TDM-WDM

PON. Setiap senibina rangkaian terpilih diuji untuk mengetahui prestasi optima bagi

setiap bilangan pengguna (32, 64 dan 128) dengan mengambilkira berbagai panjang

gentian (20-100 km), untuk membuat perbandingan keupayaan di antara seni bina

rangkaian. Dalam simulasi ini didapati, senibina hibrid TDM-WDM PON

mempunyai keupayaan bajet kuasa yang lebih mampan daripada seni bina rangkaian

10G TDM-PON. Oleh itu senibina Hibrid TDM-WDM PON mempunyai keupayaan

jarak penhantaran yang lebih jauh daripada seni bina 10G TDM-PON. Kedua-dua

seni bina yang dicadangkan memenuhi kehendak NG PON1, seperti kemampuan

menyediakan nisbah belahan spektra lebih tinggi, lebar jalur yang lebih luas dan

jarak capaian ketibaan yang lebih jauh berbanding sistem GPON semasa.

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

DECLARATION ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

ABSTRACT v

ABSTRAK vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

LIST OF TABLES x

LIST OF FIGURES xii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiv

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Problem Statement 2

1.3 Project Objectives 3

1.4 Scopes of Project 3

1.5 Methodology 4

1.6 Thesis Outline 6

2 FIBER TO THE HOME PASSIVE OPTICAL

NETWORK

2.1 Introduction 7

2.2 What Is FTTx? 8

vill

2.3 FTTH Access Architecture 8

2.4 Multiplexing Methods in FTTH PONs 10

2.4.1 TDM-PON 11

2.4.1.1 Advantages and Limitations 12

of TDM-PON

2.4.2 WDM-PON 12


of WDM-PON

2.4.3 Hybrid WDM/TDM-PON 14

2.5 PON System Power Budgets 15

2.5.1 PON System Power Budget 16

Specifications

2.6 PON Standards 17

2.6.1 APON 17

2.6.2 BPON 17

2.6.3 EPON 18

2.6.4 GPON 19

2.6.5 Comparison of xPON Standards 20

NEXT GENERATION PASSIVE OPTICAL

NETWORK

3.1 Introduction 26

3.2 NG-PON Requirements 22

3.3 NG-PON Roadmap 22

3.4 NG-PON1 Technologies 24

3.4.1 10G-PON (XG-PON) 24

3.4.2 10G-EPON 25

3.4.3 Comparison of NG-PON1 Standards 26

3.5 NG-PON2 27

3.6 Literature Review on the Latest 28

Developments on NG-PONs

NG-PON ARCHITECTURES SIMULATION

4.1 Introduction 30

3

4

4.2 Design Methodology 31

4.3 Simulation Using Optisystem Software 32

4.4 10G TDM-PON Architecture Network Model 33

4.4.1 Simulation setup 35

4.4.2 The ODN Model Parameters for 10G 36

TDM-PON Architecture

4.4.3 OLT and ONU Models for 10G 36


4.5 Hybrid TDM-WDM PON Architecture 38

Network Model

5 SIMULATION RESULT AND PERFORMANCE

ANALYSIS

5.1 Introduction 40

5.2 Performance Analysis of 10G TDM-PON 40

Architecture

5.2.1 Analysis of Q Factor Performance to 41

the Fiber Length


the Input Power

5.3 Performance Analysis of Hybrid TDM-WDM 49

PON Architecture


the Fiber Length

5.4 Comparison between 10G TDM-PON and 52

Hybrid TDM-WDM PON

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS

6.1 Conclusion 54

6.2 Future Works 55

6

REFERENCES 57

x

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE

2.1 Typical ITU Power Budget classes 16

2.2 BPON downstream/upstream bit-rate combinations 18

2.3 GPON downstream/upstream bit-rate combinations 19

2.4 Comparison Table of xPON standards 20

3.1 10G-EPON and XG-PON downstream/upstream bit-rate 27

4.1 TDM-PON general parameters 33

4.2 global parameter simulation setup 35

4.3 Optical Fiber Parameters 36

4.4 OLT parameters 37

4.5 Hybrid TDM-WDM PON general parameters 39

5.1 Q Factor performance of varied fiber length for 32 users 43



5.4 Summary for the maximum transmission distance for 46

different number of users (32, 64 and 128)

5.5 Optimizing the upstream input power for 32 user (from 5 46

to 2.5 dBm)


to 3.5 dBm)

5.7 Optimizing the upstream input power for 128 user (from 48

5 to 3.5 dBm)

LIST OF TABLES

xi

5.8 Summary for the upstream input power after and before 49

the optimization


different number of users (32, 64 and 128) for the two

architectures

5.10 The main advantage and disadvantage for the two 53

architectures

xii

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE

1.1 Methodology flow chart 4

2.1 Some FTTx scenarios 9

2.2 Architecture of a typical FTTH passive optical network 10

2.3 Operation of a time-division multiplexing process 11

2.4 Architecture of WDM-PON 13

2.5 Example of hybrid WDM/TDM topology 14

3.1 FSAN NG-PON roadmap 23

3.2 Some of XG-PON scenarios 26

4.1 The general architecture for 10G TDM-PON network 33

model

4.2 proposed 10G TDM-PON network model in the 34

Optisystem layout

4.3 ONU subsystem 38

4.4 The general architecture of the Proposed Hybrid TDM- 39

WDM PON network model




5.4 Q Factor performance of varied input power for 32 users 46


5.6 Q Factor performance of varied input power for 128 48

users

LIST OF FIGURES

xiii



5.9 Factor performance of varied fiber length for 128 users 51

5.10 Q Factor performance for varied data link rate for the 53

two architectures

xiv

10G-EPON - 10 Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network

AES - Advanced Encryption Standard

APON - ATM Passive Optical Network

ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode

BER - Bit Error Rate

BPON - Broadband Passive Optical Network

CAPEX - Capital Expenditures

CO - Central Office

CWDM - Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

DS - Downstream

DWDM - Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

EFM - Ethernet in the First Mile

EPON - Ethernet Passive Optical Network

FEC - Forward Error Correction

FSAN - Full-Services Access Networks

FTTB - Fiber-To-The-Building

FTTC - Fiber-To-The-Curb

FTTH - Fiber-To-The-Home

FTTN - Fiber-To-The-Node

FTTP - Fiber-To-The-Premises

GEM - GPON Encapsulation Method

GEPON - Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network

GPON - Gigabit Passive Optical Network

IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

http://www.huihongfiber.com/cwdm.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_error_correction

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers

xv

ITU - International Telecommunication Union

IPTV - Internet Protocol Television

MAC - Media Access Control

NG-PON - Next-Generation Passive Optical Network

OCDMA - Optical Code Division Multiple Access

ODN - Optical Distribution Network

OFDMA - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

OLT - Optical Line Terminal

ONUs - Optical Network Unit

P2MP - Point to Multi-Point

P2P - Point to Point

PON - Passive Optical Network

Q Factor - Quality Factor

QoS - Quality of Service

R&D - Research and Development

RN - Remote Node

TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access

US - Upstream

WDM - Wavelength Division Multiplexing

XG-PON - 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Access_Control

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_service

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_division_multiple_access

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Demands on bandwidth are growing rapidly, and end users have killer

applications such as IPTV and peer-to-peer downloading, which they need huge

bandwidth. It becomes ever harder to support the fast growing capacity demands of the

users, as these copper-based technologies are facing their fundamental bandwidth

limitations. That has become the driving force for the recent enthusiasm in PONs and

FTTx developments. In a fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) system, fiber is connected all the

way from the service provider to household users.

Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network systems, such as GPON (standardized

in ITU-T Rec. G.984 series) and EPON (IEEE 802.3ah) have been standardized and are

now being mass-deployed in various markets around the world. With the continuous

increase in bandwidth demand generated by consumer and business applications, the

need for a new, higher capacity access architecture is more than obvious. Therefore, one

2

of the principal requirements for next-generation PON (NG-PON) is to provide a

substantial increase of the bandwidth available to end-subscribers, when compared with

GPON and EPON. Additionally, the investment made for deploying gigabit-capable

PON systems, NG-PON must be able to protect the investment of the legacy networks

by ensuring a subscriber seamless migration from GPON/EPON to NG-PON.

In this project, the discussion will be focused on the performance analysis of

NG-PON to investigate and compare the performances of the two candidate NG-PON

architectures.

This chapter presents the problem statement, project objectives, scopes of

project, methodology and finally the thesis outline.

1.2 Problem Statement

GPON (ITU-984) and EPON (IEEE 802.3ah) have been standardized and are

now widely deployed. With the ever increasing bandwidth demand from consumer and

business applications, these standards are running out of bandwidth. Therefore, there is a

high need for next generation PON.

The most general requirement for a NG- PON is to provide higher bandwidth

than Gigabit PON. In addition, given the major investments by operators in deploying

Gigabit PON, NG-PON must be able to protect the investment of the legacy Gigabit

PONs by ensuring a subscriber seamless migration from Gigabit PON to NG-PON.

3

1.3 Project Objectives

The objectives of this project are:

1. To study and investigate the performance of candidate architectures for next

generation FTTH PONs.

2. To do performance comparison for the architectures in terms of bandwidth

and distance.

3. To facilitate higher bandwidth provision, higher number of users and

extended network reach than current PON architectures (GPON & EPON).

In this project, will try as much as possible to consider the current GPON

architecture and flow its standard, as long as we meet the next generation objectives

(increasing the bandwidth, the number of users and the reached distance).

1.4 Scopes of Project

The scopes of this project are:

1. Literature review on the previous PONs and current. Then, Review on the

current progress towards the NG PON that to be compatible with GPON.

2. Design and simulation different NG PON architectures. The simulation tool

that will be used to achieve the objectives is Optisystem software.

3. Systems performance analysis, optimization and comparison.

4. Performance analysis: Analysis for the system performance will be done.

The performance evaluation will be in terms of the Q Factor (BER) and

optical power budget.

4

1.5 Methodology

The methodology of this research is shown in the flow chart in Figure 1.1 below:

Figure 1.1: The methodology flow chart

First of all, to design and simulate NG-PONs, full understanding and literature

review on the previous PONs and current have to be done. Then, review on the current

progress towards the NG PON that to be compatible with GPON.

After completing the comprehensive literature review, two candidate

architectures for NG PON can be selected to be design, simulated and Compared.

5

The next two steps can be done in parallel. Identifying various parameters and

set the strategy for evaluation.

After knowing the various parameters of the design, simulate the networks by

using Optisystem software.

The performance evaluation as the evaluation strategy is set, will be in terms of

the Q Factor (BER) and optical power budget.

If the performance satisfies the specified criteria, comparison between the

architectures will be done. Otherwise, optimizing in the design has to be done. Finally,

writing the report.

1.6 Thesis Outline

Chapter 1 consists of introduction of the project. It includes the problem

statement, project objectives, scopes of project and the methodology.

Chapter 2 explains about the basic theory of Passive Optical Network and Fiber

to the Home. Then, brief explaining on Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network

systems.

6

Chapter 3 focuses on the Next Generation Passive Optical Network and literature

review on the latest developments on NG-PONs.

Chapter 4 presents the simulation network models of the candidate architectures

for the NG-PON.

Chapter 5 discusses the simulation results and performance analysis based on the

plotted graphs which were obtained after simulate the network model.

Chapter 6 describes the summary of all have been done, conclusion and suggests

for future work.

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

DECLARATION ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

ABSTRACT v

ABSTRAK vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

LIST OF TABLES x

LIST OF FIGURES xii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiv

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Problem Statement 2

1.3 Project Objectives 3

1.4 Scopes of Project 3

1.5 Methodology 4

1.6 Thesis Outline 6

2 FIBER TO THE HOME PASSIVE OPTICAL

NETWORK

2.1 Introduction 7

2.2 What Is FTTx? 8

vill

2.3 FTTH Access Architecture 8

2.4 Multiplexing Methods in FTTH PONs 10

2.4.1 TDM-PON 11


of TDM-PON

2.4.2 WDM-PON 12


of WDM-PON

2.4.3 Hybrid WDM/TDM-PON 14

2.5 PON System Power Budgets 15

2.5.1 PON System Power Budget 16

Specifications

2.6 PON Standards 17

2.6.1 APON 17

2.6.2 BPON 17

2.6.3 EPON 18

2.6.4 GPON 19

2.6.5 Comparison of xPON Standards 20

NEXT GENERATION PASSIVE OPTICAL

NETWORK

3.1 Introduction 26

3.2 NG-PON Requirements 22

3.3 NG-PON Roadmap 22

3.4 NG-PON1 Technologies 24

3.4.1 10G-PON (XG-PON) 24

3.4.2 10G-EPON 25

3.4.3 Comparison of NG-PON1 Standards 26

3.5 NG-PON2 27

3.6 Literature Review on the Latest 28

Developments on NG-PONs

NG-PON ARCHITECTURES SIMULATION

4.1 Introduction 30

3

4

4.2 Design Methodology 31

4.3 Simulation Using Optisystem Software 32

4.4 10G TDM-PON Architecture Network Model 33

4.4.1 Simulation setup 35

4.4.2 The ODN Model Parameters for 10G 36


4.4.3 OLT and ONU Models for 10G 36


4.5 Hybrid TDM-WDM PON Architecture 38

Network Model

5 SIMULATION RESULT AND PERFORMANCE

ANALYSIS

5.1 Introduction 40

5.2 Performance Analysis of 10G TDM-PON 40

Architecture


the Fiber Length


the Input Power

5.3 Performance Analysis of Hybrid TDM-WDM 49

PON Architecture


the Fiber Length

5.4 Comparison between 10G TDM-PON and 52

Hybrid TDM-WDM PON

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS

6.1 Conclusion 54

6.2 Future Works 55

6

REFERENCES 57

x

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE

2.1 Typical ITU Power Budget classes 16

2.2 BPON downstream/upstream bit-rate combinations 18

2.3 GPON downstream/upstream bit-rate combinations 19

2.4 Comparison Table of xPON standards 20

3.1 10G-EPON and XG-PON downstream/upstream bit-rate 27

4.1 TDM-PON general parameters 33

4.2 global parameter simulation setup 35

4.3 Optical Fiber Parameters 36

4.4 OLT parameters 37

4.5 Hybrid TDM-WDM PON general parameters 39





different number of users (32, 64 and 128)


to 2.5 dBm)


to 3.5 dBm)

5.7 Optimizing the upstream input power for 128 user (from 48

5 to 3.5 dBm)

LIST OF TABLES

xi

5.8 Summary for the upstream input power after and before 49

the optimization


different number of users (32, 64 and 128) for the two

architectures

5.10 The main advantage and disadvantage for the two 53

architectures

xii

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE

1.1 Methodology flow chart 4

2.1 Some FTTx scenarios 9

2.2 Architecture of a typical FTTH passive optical network 10

2.3 Operation of a time-division multiplexing process 11

2.4 Architecture of WDM-PON 13

2.5 Example of hybrid WDM/TDM topology 14

3.1 FSAN NG-PON roadmap 23

3.2 Some of XG-PON scenarios 26

4.1 The general architecture for 10G TDM-PON network 33

model

4.2 proposed 10G TDM-PON network model in the 34

Optisystem layout

4.3 ONU subsystem 38

4.4 The general architecture of the Proposed Hybrid TDM- 39

WDM PON network model






5.6 Q Factor performance of varied input power for 128 48

users

LIST OF FIGURES

xiii



5.9 Factor performance of varied fiber length for 128 users 51

5.10 Q Factor performance for varied data link rate for the 53

two architectures

xiv

10G-EPON - 10 Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network

AES - Advanced Encryption Standard

APON - ATM Passive Optical Network

ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode

BER - Bit Error Rate

BPON - Broadband Passive Optical Network

CAPEX - Capital Expenditures

CO - Central Office

CWDM - Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

DS - Downstream

DWDM - Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

EFM - Ethernet in the First Mile

EPON - Ethernet Passive Optical Network

FEC - Forward Error Correction

FSAN - Full-Services Access Networks

FTTB - Fiber-To-The-Building

FTTC - Fiber-To-The-Curb

FTTH - Fiber-To-The-Home

FTTN - Fiber-To-The-Node

FTTP - Fiber-To-The-Premises

GEM - GPON Encapsulation Method

GEPON - Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network

GPON - Gigabit Passive Optical Network

IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

http://www.huihongfiber.com/cwdm.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_error_correction

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers

xv

ITU - International Telecommunication Union

IPTV - Internet Protocol Television

MAC - Media Access Control

NG-PON - Next-Generation Passive Optical Network

OCDMA - Optical Code Division Multiple Access

ODN - Optical Distribution Network

OFDMA - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

OLT - Optical Line Terminal

ONUs - Optical Network Unit

P2MP - Point to Multi-Point

P2P - Point to Point

PON - Passive Optical Network

Q Factor - Quality Factor

QoS - Quality of Service

R&D - Research and Development

RN - Remote Node

TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access

US - Upstream

WDM - Wavelength Division Multiplexing

XG-PON - 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Access_Control

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_service

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_division_multiple_access

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