Compensation Grouting - Tunneling Short Course · measurement P470 calculation P470 VERTICAL...

www.HaywardBaker.com

Compensation GroutingUnderground Grouting and Ground Improvement

September 12, 2018Golden, Colorado

Phillip Gallet, P.E.

2

Presentation Outline

• What is Compensation Grouting

• Installation Methods/Monitoring

• Modeling of compensation grouting

• Finite element calculations for compensation grouting at Antwerp Central Station

• Case Histories

• Summary and conclusions

2

3






• Case Histories


3

4

Grouting Processes

5

Compensation Grouting -or- Soilfrac® Grouting

• Originally developed in the oil industry for fracturing formations to aide in the production of the well.

• Keller/Hayward Baker developed the process to accommodate small scale installation process for the geotechnical construction industry

• Allows precise control of lifting structures and when coupled with computer monitoring, control within millimeters

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Soilfrac® Process

7

Uses for Soilfrac® Grouting

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Typical Grouting Ranges

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The injection pipes are made of multiple ported

tubes that allow design placement of grout

Grout after fracture initiated

Sleeve Port Pipe

Grouted Sheeth

Injection Port

Injection Pipe

Grout

Packer

Known as Tube-A-Manchette Pipes

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Exposed Soilfrac lenses following a single

grout injection

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Grouting Efficiency

• Ratio of ground volume change to grout volume injected

• Varies from site to site due to ground conditions

12






• Case Histories


12

13

Several methods of installing the grout pipes are

available based upon site restrictions

13

14

Compensation grouting from a shaft

14

15

Compensation grouting from nearby basement

15

16

Control of grouting parameters possible in real

time

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All grouting parameters under real time control

Use of computer controlled pumping

units allow grout quantities to be

individually controlled controlled

pumping unit

17

Typical instrumentation types and locations

considered for compensation grouting

17

18

Sophisticated and non sophisticated methods

allow for movement monitoring

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Systems allow monitoring within 0.005 in

19






• Case Histories


19

20

Grout Consumption Corresponds to the

Settlement

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Problem Statement for modeling analyis

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Comparison of grouting techniques and how they

are modeled

a

Volume V 0

initial situation- grouted area

V

compactiongrouting

VolumeV + V 0

VolumeV + V0

Vi

V V= i

fracturegrouting

BASIC MODELLING OF THE GROUTING PROCESS ANDDEFINITION OF GROUTED AREA

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Deformation modes of the grouted zones used in

the modeling

z

heavedue to grouting

grouted zone

surface

O

h

a

x

a

a0

> 0 vertical shortening

< 0 horizontal shortening

> 0 contraction

< 0 expansion Initial

Deformed

a´

= a / a0 = a´ / a

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Analytical solution proposed by Sageseta (1987)

( )

+−

++

=−

2

2

2

1*2

'1

'1*1*

'1

1****2

x

x

xh

aasz

Vertical:

( )

+−

++

−=−

2

2

2

1*2

'1

'1*1

'1

'****2

x

x

x

x

h

aasx

Horizontal:

DISPLACEMENTS AT GROUND SURFACE

sz … vertical displacementsx … horizontal displacementh … depth of injection/excavationa … radius of grouted zone/excavationx´ … normalized horizontal distance (x/h) … uniform radial deformation … ovalization… relative ovalization (/) … exponent for drained cases

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• Case Histories


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ANTWERP CENTRAL STATION

Historical Landmark

High Loads considered

Minimal movement

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▪ 84 TAMs▪ 3500 m borings▪ 45 m max. length

wells

picture: Eurostation, Brussels

shaft

shaft

TAMs


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Graphic: Eurostation, Brussels

pipe roof

tunnel wall

picture: Eurostation, Brussels


29

0.0 m

+8.0 m

Boomse Clay

-13.0 m

A B C D E F G H pipe roof

tunnel


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Compensation Grouting efficiency at Antwerp

Station

FE-CALCULATIONS ANTWERP PROJECT

conditioned zone

foundations

pipes A-B-C-D

tunnel

Antwerp Sand

Boomse Clay

P 470P 455

FINITE ELEMENT MODEL

COMPARISON MEASUREMENT – FE-MODELVERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS AT WATER LEVEL POINT P455

Schlauchwaagenmessung P 455

begin

ning

conta

ct gro

ut.

pipe B

comp.

B*

pipe D

comp.

D*

pipe A

comp.

A

pipe C

*

comp.

C

tunne

l exc

av.

disp

lace

men

t [m

m]

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

measurement P455 calculation P455

COMPARISON MEASUREMENT FE-MODEL

Schlauchwaagenmessung P 470

begin

ning

conta

ct gro

ut.

pipe B

comp.

B*

pipe D

comp.

D*

pipe A

comp.

A

pipe C

*

comp.

C

tunne

l exc

av.

disp

lace

men

t [m

m]

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

measurement P470calculation P470

VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS AT WATER LEVEL POINT P470

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• Case Histories


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Soilfrac® - City-Tunnel LeipzigCentral Station

„Bayrischer Bahnhof“

Wilh. Leuschner Platz

Station MarktCentral Station

Soilfrac® - City-Tunnel LeipzigDrilling

Soilfrac® - City-Tunnel LeipzigControl of drilling deviation

Soilfrac® - City-Tunnel LeipzigMonitoring

Soilfrac® - City-Tunnel LeipzigGrout control

Grout volume

Vertical displacement

TAM

ww

w.Ke

llerG

rund

bau.

com

Project “San Ruffillo”, Bologna, Italy

Tunnel excavation

Start shaft

N

Pk 0+966

twin tunnels with 15m distance

length 6,112m diameter 9.4m excavated

area 69.81m² cover 15 –

21m EPB-shield

Compensationgrouting

To Florence

Problem statement

www.KellerGrundbau.com

expected volume loss of the TBM-excavation: 1% maximum advancement of the TBM: 10m/day

pier i pier j

displacement idisplacement j

span l

Compensation of differential settlements of piersAllowable differential settlement: Δ uij <= l/3000

ww

w.Ke

llerG

rund

bau.

com

Compensation grouting “San Ruffillo”TYPICAL CROSS SECTION

Original design with SHAFT

fillsand

gravel, sandy,silty

grouting pipes2 layers

tunnel9.1m diameter

railway bridge

shaft

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Compensation grouting “San Ruffillo”

ww

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION

railway bridge

grouting pipes2 layersmaximum length 68mHDD-drilling

tunnel9.1m diameter

fillsand

gravel, sandy,silty

ww

w.Ke

llerG

rund

bau.

com

Compensation grouting “Via Emilia”

MilanoFlorence

existing railway

bridge

length 112m

1 central arch (l=16.0m)

8 lateral arches (l=8.1m)

Via Emilia Levante

ww

w.Ke

llerG

rund

bau.

com

Compensation grouting “Via Rimesse”

Milano Florence

Metro line („Suburbana“)

existing railway

bridge

length 41m

1 central arch (l=14.4m)

2 lateral arches (l=7.2m)

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ww

Lower circuit > monitoring of vertical displacements (and rotations)

Upper circuit > vertical displacements

transition point



Displacements resulting after TBM 2

> Maximum differential settlement 1.9mm



3D graph of total grout volume

San Francisco 3rd Street Light Rail - Central Subway Drilling and Grouting Programs

➢ Chinatown Station (CTS)➢ Issue: Adjacent Building Settlement along

Station Excavation➢ Solution: Compensation Grouting

➢ Union Market Square Station (UMS)➢ Issue: Adjacent Building Settlement along

Station Excavation➢ Solution: Compensation Grouting

9/24/2018 49

3rd Street Light Rail - Central Subway Project Alignment

9/24/2018 50

Chinatown Station (CTS)

Union Market Square Station(UMS)

MosconeStation (YBM)

CTS Compensation Grouting

9/24/2018 51

Total Installed Grout Holes = 94 Drilling Rigs = 2 on 2 Shifts TAM Installed = 13,320 LFT TAM Installation Rate = 73 LFT / Rig Shift Grout Injected = 86,000 Gal Grout Injection Rate = 1385 Gal / Shift Treatment = 10 Buildings – 41,150 Sq. Ft.

Pre-conditioning Statistics


9/24/2018 52

TAM Pipe Array

9/24/2018 53


Drilling and TAM Installation

9/24/2018 54


Pre-conditioning Grouting

Union Market Compensation Grouting

9/24/2018 55

Total Grout Holes = 209 Drilling Rigs = 1 on 2 Shifts TAM Installed = 19,605 LFT TAM Installation Rate = 94 LFT / Rig Shift Whips = 4 Grout Injected = 204,000 Gal Grout Injection Rate = 1416 Gal / Shift Treatment = 15 Buildings – 126,815 Sq. Ft. Completed 2017

Pre-conditioning Statistics

9/24/2018 56

UMS Compensation GroutingTAM Pipe Array

9/24/2018 57

UMS Compensation Grouting

Drilling and TAM Installation

9/24/2018 58

UMS Compensation Grouting

Pre-conditioning Grouting

Case History Annunciation Church

Layout of Soilfrac® Pipes and Jet Grout Columns

Amount of Movement Required

Sleeve Pipe Installation

Frac Grouting

Results of Survey

Grouting Recap

Installed 93 full and half triple system jet grout columns to depths exceeding 25 feet.

Installed 86 Soilfrac® pipes and pumped 4,178 cft of grout

Achieved plumbness within 0.12° of perfectly plumb from 0.44° and 0.34°, 65 to 75% correction.

A New Foundation for Years to Come

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Compensation Grouting Program at Jack II• Access Shaft

• 34 Secant Piles• Monitoring Instrumentation

• Getec UK• Hydrostatic Leveling Cells (HLC)• Tiltmeters• Extensometers

• Preconditioning of TAM pipes• 3500+ ports• 5200 CFT grout

• Compensation Grouting• 9000 CFT grout

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Isometric View Looking Southwest

Compensation Grouting

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Compensation Grouting• Grouting Efficiency Factor

• 12 Quadrants • GEF = (Grout Tributary Area*Avg. Heave)/Grout Volume

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Compensation Grouting

Soil Frac

Pipes

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SUMMARY and CONCLUSIONS

• Finite element model proposed to simulate the effects of compensation grouting

• Numerical model compares well with analytical solution for elastic, undrained behaviour

• Compensation grouting allows for quicker tunnelling applications

• Precise levelling of sensitive structures is more efficient with compensation grouting

• HDD installation procedures extend the treatment possible on project sites

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This is the Last SlideThank You!! Questions?

Dennis W. Boehm

[email protected]

281-668-1870

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