Internal Use Only

Internal Use Only

Objectives / Agenda

• Types of conventional Completions• Completions Components (hardware)• Completions Fluids• Sandcontrol

Internal Use Only

Where do well completionand completion products

“fit” into the over allwell program?

Internal Use Only

Well Completion Design

Definition• The design, selection, and installation of equipment and

the specifications of treatment and procedures necessary to bring the well into production and thereafter to produce in a manner which satisfies the company objectives for the field development

Internal Use Only

SINGLE COMPLETION

Tubing

Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve

Tubing

Landing Nipple

Wireline-Set Permanent Packer

Mill-Out Extension

Seal Bore Extension

Wireline Entry Guide

Landing Nipple

Perforated Pup Joint

Landing Nipple

Muleshoe Guide

Internal Use Only

Multi-Zone Single String

CN02

686

“Single Selective”Objective: Completion of more than one zone with

one string• Advantages:

– Packer provides downhole tubing/casing isolation

– Permanent packers can withstand high differential pressures and temperatures

– Zone changes are easily accomplished utilizing slickline

Internal Use Only

Dual StringRetrievable

PackerInstallation

Hydraulic Control Line

Flow CouplingSafety Valve Landing Nipple

Lock MandrelWireline-Retrievable Safety Valve

Flow CouplingSliding Sidedoor® Circulating Device

Flow CouplingDual Hydraulic Retrievable Packers

Selective Landing Nipple

Collet Catcher SubNo-go Landing NippleSliding Sidedoor® Circulating Device

Blast Joints

Polished NippleElectric-line Set Permanent Packer

Selective Landing NipplePerforated Pup Joint

No-Go Landing Nipple

Wireline Re-Entry Guide

Internal Use Only

Horizontal Completion Unconsolidated Formation

• Objectives:– Lower cost installation for slightly unconsolidated

homogeneous formations• Advantages:

– Maximize formation contact– Liner assembly can be rotated and washed to bottom– Screens can be circulated through to remove fluid

loss material– Packer provides downhole tubing/casing isolation

Internal Use Only

Tubing Conveyed Perforated Single trip Completion

• Alternatively TCP guns can be run as part of the packer tailpipe assembly

Tubing Conveyed Perforating Gun

Pressure-Activated Tubing Release

Ported Pressure Equalizing Sub

Optional Mechanical Tubing Release

Time Delay Firing Head

Flow CouplingSelective Landing NippleFlow CouplingFlow CouplingCirculating DeviceFlow CouplingSeal Assembly

Permanent or RetrievableSealbore Type Packer

Sealbore Extension

Mechanical Firing HeadGun

Internal Use Only

Completion Hardware

Internal Use Only

Packer

What is it?What does it look like?What does it do?

Internal Use Only

Packer

Casing

Tubing

A tool, which, when set, seals the annular area between 2 strings of pipe or a string of pipe and the open hole.

Production flow is also allowed through the packer.

What is a Packer?

Internal Use Only

Why Run a Packer?

• Production control• Production testing• Protection of equipment• Well repair and well stimulation• Safety

Internal Use Only

Components of a Packer

• Slips• Elements• Mandrel• Wedges / Cones

Internal Use Only

Setting Methods

• Hydraulically set – Apply pressure with fluid

• Mechanically set – Tubing movement

• Wireline set – Wireline unit and setting tool

Internal Use Only

Types of Packers

MechanicalRetrievable

HydraulicRetrievable

Seal BoreRetrievable Permanent

Internal Use Only

Seal Bore Assembly

SealAssembly

Seal Bore Extension

Packer

Mill OutExtension

Seal AssemblyInstalledIn Packer

Seal Movement

Seal ContactMaintained

Internal Use Only

Seal Assemblies

Molded Premium

Internal Use Only

Locators

Straight-Slot J-Slot RATCH-LATCH®

Internal Use Only

Mule Shoe Guides

SG Self-AligningMuleshoe

G Muleshoe

COL MuleshoeCollet

Internal Use Only

RH Catcher Subs

CN

01262 C

N0126

1 CN

01247C

Catcher Sub AssemblyWith Wireline Re-Entry

Guide

Catcher Sub Assembly

With Tubing Threads

Catcher Sub Assembly

With Muleshoe

Catcher subs provide additional holes for easily adjusted pinning alternatives

Internal Use Only

Blast Joint

Internal Use Only

Flow Coupling

Internal Use Only

Landing Nipple/Locking Mandrel System

• Short piece of thick pipe ran on tubing that has an internal profile

• Tool that is part of a plug system which will lock inside of a landing nipple

Landing Nipple Locking Mandrel

Internal Use Only

Application of Landing Nipples and Lock Mandrels

• Subsurface safety valve installation• Plugging for surface wellhead repair• Zonal isolation• Bottom hole chokes and regulators• Setting packers

Internal Use Only

Safety Valve?

Sounds like a good idea, but what is it?

Internal Use Only

Why Do We Use Subsurface Safety Valves?

• Last line of defense in the event of a catastrophe

• Protects life• Protects operator’s investment• Protects the environment• Government requirement

Internal Use Only

SSSV Equipment

• Tubing retrievable subsurface safety valves

• Wireline retrievable subsurface safety valves

Internal Use Only

Sliding Sleeves

• What on earth is a sliding sleeve?– Closable port in a tubing string to allow fluid flow from

the annulus into the tubing or from the tubing into the annulus.

Internal Use Only

DURASLEEVE™ Non-Elastomer Circulation/ Production Sleeve

Applications in:• Producing alternate zone in single-

selective completion• Circulating kill fluid eliminates

expense of perforating tubing• Washing above packer

Top Sub with Landing Nipple Profile

Closing Sleeve

Non-ElastomerSealsLarge Flow Ports

Equalizing Ports

Bottom Sub with Polished Bore End Sub

DURASLEEVE™Sliding Sleeve

Internal Use Only

Closed Equalize Open

Sleeve Positions

Internal Use Only

Completion Hardware

Review of components

Internal Use Only

SINGLE COMPLETION

Tubing

Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve

Tubing

Landing Nipple

Wireline-Set Permanent Packer

Mill-Out Extension

Seal Bore Extension

Wireline Entry Guide

Landing Nipple

Perforated Pup Joint

Landing Nipple

Muleshoe Guide

Internal Use Only

Dual StringRetrievable

PackerInstallation

Hydraulic Control Line

Flow CouplingSafety Valve Landing Nipple

Lock MandrelWireline-Retrievable Safety Valve

Flow CouplingSliding Sidedoor® Circulating Device

Flow CouplingDual Hydraulic Retrievable Packers

Selective Landing Nipple

Collet Catcher SubNo-go Landing NippleSliding Sidedoor® Circulating Device

Blast Joints

Electric-line Set Permanent Packer

Selective Landing Nipple

No-Go Landing Nipple

Wireline Re-Entry Guide

Internal Use Only

Exercise (signal selective)

• Draw a diagram of a signal selective completion. Label the components you put in your completion string.

Want to product from 2 zonesand able to produce from anyone at one time.

Perfs

Internal Use Only

Considerations When Selecting Metals for Down-Hole Use

• Hydrogen embrittlement from H2S-H2O mixtures• Chloride stress cracking from hot salt water• Galvanic corrosion (oxygen-containing injection water)• Weight-loss corrosion (dissolve & erodes)• Strength• Cost

Internal Use Only

Smart Wells?

Internal Use Only

Smart Well Definition

• A “smart well” is a well that provides the operator with the ability to:– Re-configure well architecture at will– Acquire real-time data without well intervention.

Internal Use Only

Present Smart Well System

Remote Access, Control & Monitoring• Pressure Measurement• Temperature Measurement• Gross Flow Measurement• Reservoir Isolation

Internal Use Only

Smart Well Advantages

Maximize NPV of Asset Value by: • Reducing Intervention Costs• Increases Reservoir Understanding• Accelerating Production• Maximizing Recoverable Reserves • Improving Lift Efficiency

Internal Use Only

Completion Fluids

Internal Use Only

Completion Fluid Functions

• Main Purpose- Well Control; i.e.- Maintain overburden pressure on the formation/s during completions operations.

• Minimize damage to the formation• Minimize fluid losses to the formation• Act as carrier fluids, which clean as much debris as

possible from the wellbore• Displacement fluids

Internal Use Only

Density of Clear Brines at 70ºF

BrineMaximum

Density, lb/galDensity of Stock Solution, lb/gal

Ammonium Chloride 9.4 Sacked Ammonium Chloride

Potassium Chloride 9.7 Sacked Potassium Chloride

Sodium Chloride 10.0 Sacked Sodium Chloride

Potassium Bromide 10.9 Sacked Potassium Bromide

Sodium Formate 11.0 Sacked Sodium Formate

Calcium Chloride 11.8 11.6

Sodium Bromide 12.8 12.5

Note: The maximum density may vary slightly, depending on how the brine is prepared.

Internal Use Only

Density of Clear Brines at 70ºF

Note: The maximum density may vary slightly, depending on how the brine is prepared.

BrineMaximum

Density, lb/galDensity of Stock Solution, lb/gal

Potassium Formate 13.3 13.3

Calcium Bromide-CalciumChloride

15.1 none

Calcium Bromide 15.5 14.2

Zinc Bromide-CalciumBromide

20.5 19.2

Internal Use Only

Non-Brine Completion Fluids

• Seawater and bay water– Salinity may be too low to prevent clay damage– Water may need to be filtered and treated with biocide

• Crude oil– Crude oil may precipitate asphalt or paraffin– Diesel oil or mineral oil are cleaner

• Foam – for extremely low-pressure zones– Air foam may cause excessive corrosion– Nitrogen can be used

Internal Use Only

Basic Selection Criteria

• Density requirements – pressure control– Reservoir pressure (P)– 200 to 300 psi overbalance (Pob) often needed

Ph = P + Pob

Where;Ph= bottomhole hydrostatic pressure

Ph = P + Pob

Where;Ph= bottomhole hydrostatic pressure

Internal Use Only

Example problem

• What density completion fluid should be used if the BHP is 6800psi and the TVD is 9000ft? The company man would like to stay 200psi overbalanced.

Internal Use Only

Basic Selection Criteria

• Density requirements – pressure control• Crystallization temperature – precipitation

– Problems associated with crystallization• Settling in tank • Density of pumped brine too low• Plugged lines

Internal Use Only

Basic Selection Criteria

• Density requirements – pressure control

• Crystallization temperature – precipitation

• Reservoir compatibility requirements:– with formation clays– with formation Fluids

Internal Use Only

Basic Selection Criteria

• Density requirements – pressure control• Crystallization temperature – precipitation

• Reservoir compatibility requirements:• Cost and availability

Internal Use Only

Relative Cost for Standard Production Brines

CaBr2/ZnBr2

CaCl2/CaBr2/ZnBr2

CaBr2

CaCl2/CaBr2

CaBr2

CaCl2/CaBr2

NaBrNaCl/NaBr

CaBr2

NaBrCaCl2NaCl

KCl9.71010101012121212141416

16

Den

sity

, lb/

gal

US$

Internal Use Only

Engineering and Testing

• Filtration – To ensure clear brines are as particle-free as possible

Internal Use Only

Engineering and Testing

• Filtration

• Corrosion – In an electrically conductive brine, the environment is favorable for corrosion

– Causes of corrosion:• oxygen

• acidity

• bacteria

Internal Use Only

Engineering and Testing

• Filtration

• Corrosion

• Weighting up and weighting down (density adjustment)

Internal Use Only

Halliburton

• Water-Back or weighting down heavy Fluid

» X = barrels of water needed» V = original volume of mud, in bbl» W1 = initial mud weight, ppg» W 2= desired mud weight, ppg

( )33.82

21

−−

=W

WWVX

Internal Use Only

Example problem

The total volume of fluid in the system is 1,000bbl and you want to reduce the fluid weight from 12ppg to 11ppg. How many barrels of water should be added?

( )33.82

21

−−

=W

WWVX

Internal Use Only

Engineering and Testing

• Filtration• Corrosion• Weighting up and weighting down• Fluid-loss control

– Excessive brine loss• Expensive• Potential formation damage• Well-control problems

Internal Use Only

Engineering and Testing

• Filtration• Corrosion• Weighting up and weighting down• Fluid-loss control• Rheology needed to

– Calculate pressure losses in workstring– Suspend solids

Internal Use Only

Engineering and Testing

• Filtration• Corrosion• Weighting up and weighting down• Fluid-loss control• Rheology• Emulsion prevention

– Emulsions form when some crudes are mixed with brine.

Internal Use Only

Conclusion about Completion Fluid

• Proper engineering of completion fluids– Is essential for the economic success of the well– Considers interactions from the time the bit penetrates the

reservoir until well is producing• Completion fluids are tools

– They prepare the well for production– They minimize or reduce damage to the productive capacity

of the well

Internal Use Only

SandcontrolSandcontrol

• What is it?

• Why is it needed?

Internal Use Only

Sandcontrol Completion

Retrievable Packer

Blank Pipe

Sump Packer

Tubing

Screens

Proppant or Sand

Internal Use Only

Sand Control Screens

First Generation

• All-Welded Screen

Internal Use Only

Sand Control Screens

Second Generation

• Dual Prepack Screen

• Perforated Prepack Screen

• Enhanced Low Profile Prepack Screen

Internal Use Only

Sand Control Screens

Third GenerationPoroplate® Filter MediaTwo Layered Shroud

Internal Use Only

Gavel Pac ToolsGavel Pac Tools

CN01029

Internal Use Only CN00801

MULTI POSITION MULTI POSITION SERVICE TOOL SERVICE TOOL VERSAVERSA--TRIEVE PACKERTRIEVE PACKER

PRODUCTION SCREENPRODUCTION SCREEN

SUMP PACKERSUMP PACKER

MCS CLOSING SLEEVEMCS CLOSING SLEEVE

BLANK PIPEBLANK PIPE

WASH PIPEWASH PIPE

Internal Use Only

Production Seal AssemblyProduction Seal Assembly

CN00803

PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION SEAL ASSEMBLYSEAL ASSEMBLY

VERSAVERSA--TRIEVE PACKERTRIEVE PACKER

PRODUCTION SCREENPRODUCTION SCREEN

SUMPSUMP PACKERPACKER

MCS CLOSING SLEEVEMCS CLOSING SLEEVE

Internal Use Only

Summary

• Types of conventional Completions

• Completions Components (hardware)

• Completions Fluids

• Sandcontrol

Internal Use Only