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A type of repetition in a melody
Ascending sequencea short part of a
melody that is repeated but all the notes
are higher each repetition
Descending sequencesame as above but
repeated lower
Sequence
Ascending Sequence
Descending Sequence
A melody begins as before, but this time is
extended for example: 2 bars now be-
comes 3
Melody
Extension
Repetition
A melody or rhythm can be repeated:
Exactly
Or with some changes
Theme from Beethovens Ode to Joy Symphony
These are the only bars
that have been altered.
A fragment (small part) of the melody is used
Helps extend the music
Fragmentation
Original fragment
Fragment repeated
Guitar or keyboard plays a catchy short
melody that is repeated often during a song
Riff
[Insert well known riff here e.g. Smoke on the Water by Deep Purple]
The melody or rhythm is repeated with
larger note values
Sounds similar but s l o w e r
Augmentation
Every note from the
original is doubled
in value augmented/ expanded
The melody or rhythm is repeated
with smaller note values
Sounds similar but faster
Diminution
Every note from the
original has been halved
in value
original
halved
One part in the music imitates a melody or
rhythm in another part
Usually happens within the next two bars
Imitation
original
repeated/imitated
in the bass
A note in the bass that lasts for several
bars
OR
The same note repeated for several bars
Above that note the music moves a
melody and/or a harmony
Pedal Point (Pedal, Pedal Tone)
The double bass
holds the pedal tone
The melody moves in the
violin above the pedal tone
Repeated rhythmic idea or motif, usually
underneath the music
May be played by a percussion instru-
ment or by a melody instrument
Ostinato
motif