Compressed Natural 123

8/8/2019 Compressed Natural 123

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Compressednatural

gas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CNGlogo.svg


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Technology

CNG can be used in Otto-cycle (gasoline) andmodified Diesel cycle engines. Lean-burn Otto-cycleengines can achieve higher thermal efficienciesthan stoichiometric Otto-cycle engines, at the expense of

higherNOx and hydrocarbon emissions. Electronicallycontrolled stoichiometric engines offer the lowest

emissions across the board and the highest possiblepower output, especially when combined with exhaustgas recirculation, turbocharging and intercooling, andthree-way catalytic converters, but suffer in terms of

heat rejection and fuel consumption. A suitably designednatural gas engine may have a higher output compared

with a petrol engine because the octane number ofnatural gas is higher than that of petrol as this wouldallow for an engine design with a higher compression

ratio.

CNG cylinders can be made ofsteel, aluminum,

or plastic. Lightweight composite (fiber-wrapped thin

metal "ISO 11439 CNG-3" / fibre-wrapped plastic "ISO

11439 CNG-4") cylinders are especially beneficial for

vehicular use because they offer significant weight

reductions when compared with earlier generation steeland aluminum cylinders, which leads to lower fuel

consumption. The CNG cylinders bundled with safety-

valve generally follow the ISO 11439 standard.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-stroke_engine#The_Otto_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercoolinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNG_cylinderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_materialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fibre-wrapped_plastic_%22ISO_11439_CNG-4%22&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fibre-wrapped_plastic_%22ISO_11439_CNG-4%22&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-stroke_engine#The_Otto_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercoolinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNG_cylinderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_materialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fibre-wrapped_plastic_%22ISO_11439_CNG-4%22&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fibre-wrapped_plastic_%22ISO_11439_CNG-4%22&action=edit&redlink=1


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Developments

Scientists are developing methods of storing methane ina new form known as ANG (Absorbed Natural Gas) at 35bar (500 psi, the pressure of gas in natural gas pipelines)

in various sponge like materials, such asactivatedcarbon[6] and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).[7] The

fuel is stored at similar or greater energy density thanCNG. The benefits are that vehicles can be refuelled from

the natural gas network without extra gas compression,the fuel tanks can be made of lighter, less strong

materials, and the tank designed to be much slimmer.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal-organic_frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal-organic_frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas#cite_note-6


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CNG carsWorldwide, there are more than 7 million NGVs on theroads as of 2008,with the largest number of NGVs

in Argentina, Brazil, Pakistan,Italy, India, China, Thailand, and Iran,[9][10] with South America leading with a global

market share of 48%.

CNG cars available in Europe are bi-fuel vehicles burningone fuel at a time. Their engine is a standard

gasoline internal combustion engine(ICE). This meansthat they can indifferently run on either gasoline from agasoline tank or CNG from a separate cylinder in thetrunk. The driver can select what fuel to burn by simply

flipping a switch on the dashboard.

Several manufacturers (Fiat, Opel(General Motors),

Peugeot, Volkswagen, Toyota, Honda and others) sell bi-fuel cars. In 2006, Fiat introduced the Siena Tetrafuel inthe Brazilian market, equipped with a 1.4L FIRE enginethat runs on E100, E25 (Standard Brazilian Gasoline),Gasoline and CNG.

Any existing gasoline vehicle can be converted to a bi-

fuel (gasoline/CNG) vehicle. Authorized shops can do theretrofitting, this involves installing a CNG cylinder in the

trunk, installing the plumbing, installing a CNG injectionsystem and the electronics.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas#cite_note-GreenCar-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas#cite_note-Thailand08-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas#cite_note-GreenCar-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas#cite_note-Thailand08-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine


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Advantages of compressed

natural gas: One of the cleanest burning fuels available.

Requires less vehicle maintenance, fewer oil changes,

and prolongs the life of engines, pipes and mufflers.

Produces the fewest emissions of any motor fuel.

Gives the same mileage as gasoline in a converted

vehicle.

CNG provides superior starting and driveability, evenunder severe hot and cold weather conditions.

Less knocking and no vapor locking.

CNG is as safe as, or safer than, other vehicle fuels.


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Drawbacks

Compressed natural gas vehicles require a greater

amount of space for fuel storage than conventionalgasoline power vehicles. Since it is a compressed gas,

rather than a liquid like gasoline, CNG takes up more

space for each gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE).

Therefore, the tanks used to store the CNG usually take

up additional space in the trunk of a car or bed of a

pickup truck which runs on CNG. This problem is solved

in factory-built CNG vehicles that install the tanks underthe body of the vehicle, thanks to a more rational

disposition of components, leaving the trunk free

[eg. Fiat Multipla, New Fiat Panda, Volkswagen

Touran Ecofuel, Chevy Taxi (sold in countries such as

Peru)]. CNG-powered vehicles are considered to be safer

than gasoline-powered vehicles.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline_gallon_equivalenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_Multiplahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_Pandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Touranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Touranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carroagas.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Posto_GNV_01_2009_485_CWB.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline_gallon_equivalenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_Multiplahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_Pandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Touranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Touran


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CNG compared to LNG

CNG is often confused with liquefied natural gas (LNG).While both are stored forms ofnatural gas, the key

difference is that CNG is gas that is stored at highpressure, while LNG is in uncompressed liquid form. CNG

has a lower cost of production and storage compared toLNG as it does not require an expensive cooling processand cryogenic tanks. CNG requires a much larger volumeto store the same mass of gasoline or petrol and the use

of very high pressures (3000 to 4000 psi, or 205 to275 bar).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(unit)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(unit)


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Do's and Don'ts for CNGconversion

Ensure that the workshop is authorised and observes SafetyStandards and Code of Practices in kit installation andcommissioning.

The kit, including the cylinder must be of the type approved forthe make of the car. Do not buy components from differentsources and install the kit yourself.

Ensure that the car undergoes the required pre-conversion checks

thoroughly. After the connections are made, ensure a completeand thorough leak test of the gas system.

Installer's certificate must be collected from the workshop.

Any modification or improvisation should only be done at anauthorised workshop.

Acquaint yourself with the mechanism of CNG and the

precautions essential for a CNG vehicle. Follow them strictly.

In case of an accident, get the vehicle thoroughly checked by anauthorised workshop and obtain re-certification.

Do not install an LPG, Propane or any other cylinder in place of aCNG cylinder. It is illegal and unsafe.

Additional premium is charged by the insurance company for CNG

run cars. One should run the vehicle only after the risks of theadditional CNG kit system are covered by the insurance company.


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Safety

When used as an automobile fuel, compressed naturalgas (CNG) is stored onboard vehicles in tanks that meetstringent safety requirements.

Natural gas fuel systems are "sealed," which prevents

spills or evaporative losses. Even if a leak were to occurin a fuel system, the natural gas would dissipate up into

the atmosphere unlike gasoline, which in the event of a

leak or accident, pools on the ground, creating a firehazard.

Natural gas has a high ignition temperature, about

1,200 Fahrenheit, compared with about 600 Fahrenheitfor gasoline.

Natural gas is not toxic or corrosive and will notcontaminate ground water.


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History and Global Use

Of CNG

The first natural gas engine was invented in themid-1800's. Since the 1930's, Italy has been

using natural gas as a vehicle fuel anddeveloping its associated technologies. DuringWorld War II some cars in Australia wereconverted to run on "town gas".

The adoption of CNG as a vehicle fuel is now

accelerating worldwide. In the last decade, thenumber of Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles

(CNGV's) around the world has jumped by 500%

from around 1 million vehicles in 1996 to inexcess of 5 million vehicles in 2006.

Currently the leading nations adopting CNGaround the world is as follows;


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World Standing Country CNG vehicals &Fuel Stations:-

World

StandingCountry Vehicles

Fuelling

Stations

1 Argentina 1.5 million 1,4002 Brazil 1.1 Million 1,200

3 Pakistan 1.0 Million 1,000

4 Italy 0.4 Million 500

5 India0.25

Million200

6 USA 130,000 1,300

7 Iran 115,000 1408 China 97,000 360

9 Ukraine 67,000 150

10 Egypt 63,000 100

11 Colombia 60,000 90

12 Bangladesh 55,000 120


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13 Bolivia 45,000 60

14 Venezuela 44,000 150

15 Russia 42,000 210

16 Armenia 38,000 6017 Germany 33,000 650

18 Japan 25,000 300

19 Canada 20,000 220

The online Newspaper DNA (Daily News and

Analysis) states that according to statisticsavailable with the Bharat Petroleum Corporation

Limited (BPCL), the consumption of natural gasin Mumbai, India has risen by a whopping 374%

over the past 3 years.

To improve security of energy supply and reducegreenhouse gas emissions, the European Union

has set itself an objective to have substituted20% of all traditional fuels used in the road

transport sector (petrol and diesel) withalternative fuels before the year 2020. Three

alternative solutions are seen as promising:biofuels, natural gas and hydrogen. By 2020, at


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least 50% of alternative fuel substitution isexpected to be natural gas

CNG Retail Outlets In

MumbaiName of the Outlet Owner

Company

Type of Outlet Operating

Hours

MAHANAGAR GAS LIMITEDCity Gate Station

Opp. Anik Bus Depot

Near Everard NagarSion 400 022

407 4748

MGL Mother Stationwith 7 mother

compressors and

8 refuelling points

24

NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRUCKING

CENTRE76-77, G.M.Road

Chembur 400 089

522 1759 / 522 4244

HPCL Online station

with 4 refuellingpoints

24

KAUSARAUTO SERVICESS.G.Road

BPCL Daughter-booster

station with 3

24
http://www.indiacar.com/infobank/using_cng.htmhttp://www.indiacar.com/infobank/using_cng.htm


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Agripada 400011

308 1782 / 309 1926

refuelling points

GUJRAT SERVICE CENTREArthur Road

Pin Code 400 011

307 4118 / 307 5789

IOCL Daughter-booster station with 4

refuelling points

24

MODERN AUTONear Maratha Mandir

Bombay Central

307 7783

HPCL Daughter-booster station with 2

refuelling points

6 am to 10pm

PAREKH PETROLEUM SERVICESS.V.Road

Vile Parle (W) 400057

612 2035 / 613 2051

IOCL Daughter-booster station with 3

refuelling points

24

SHRISEVA ENTERPRISES

Kherani RoadSaki Naka 400 072

511 8917

Private Daughter station

with 1 refuellingpoint

24

MUMBAI TAXI ASSOCIATION

CST, LBS Kurla 400 070

511 4853 / 514 3680


station with 4

refuelling points

24

UNIVERSAL MOTORS

Dr. Mascarenhas RoadMazagaon 400 010

371 3417 / 375 8363


station with 2refuelling points

24

ROYAL SERVICE STATION

near Hotel Leela Kempinski,Andheri 400059

838 6319 / 837 7197

IOCL Online station


24

CHEMBUR SERVICE STATION

Sion-Trombay RoadOpp Swastik Mills

Chembur 400071

BPCL Online station


24


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AMAR AUTOMOBILES

P.DMello Road

46, Wadi BunderMumbai

375 4670 / 377 4307


station with 2

refuelling points

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AMERICAN AUTO SUPPLY

Victoria Road

Opp. Rustom Baug,

Byculla 400 027372 5108

HPCL Daughter-booster

station with 2

refuelling points

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CNG prices revised in Mumbai

CONSEQUENT to the increased input price of natural gas,compressed natural gas (CNG) price will be revised with

effect from July 1.The current price of CNG in Mumbai is

Rs 19.77 per kg. The revised price will be Rs 20.90 per

kg. Owing to Octroi, the new price in Mira-Bhayandar

area will be Rs 21 per kg and in the Thane area Rs 21.30

per kg.

Approximate cost of CNG Conversion:Approximate cost of CNG conversion of LMVs (taxi / Pvt.car - petrol driven) : Rs. 32,000/-**Approximate cost of CNG conversion of Auto - petroldriven : Rs. 23,000/-**


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Approximate cost of CNG conversion of in-use dieselbuses / tempos : Rs. 3.5 to 4.5 lacs**** - approximate only. To check with CNG retrofitters.

Safety aspect:Safety is of paramount importance to MGL. CNG is

delivered to vehicles having CNG cylinders, which areapproved and are within the periodic test life.

Identification labels (metal plate) are provided by MGLand installed in CNG vehicles near the refueling valveafter the vehicle owner has got certification from RTO &necessary endorsement on RC book. Every dispensing

operator is trained and have been instructed to dispensegas to only those vehicles who have a valid metal plate.

Continuous improvement in the process is a part of MGL'spolicy.


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FROM INTERNET SITES SUCH AS:-

www.wikipedia.com

&

SEARCH ON GOOGLE

Done By
http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/


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Karan . A . Dedhia ------010

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Dr. Rode Sir

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Compressed Natural 123

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