CompressedNatural Gas

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,MESRA

BY:

Shivam Kumar(BE/15250/13) Praveen Kumar(BE/15251/13) Abinash Panda(BE/15271/13)

DIRTY,EXPENSIVE,HEAVY

1912

PETROL>COAL

Produces less polutionIs cheaperIs lighter

CNG>PETROL>COALProduces less polutionIs cheaperIs lighter

CONSTITUENT PERCENTAGE LIMIT

Methane 90% Maximum

Ethane Content 4% Maximum

Propane Content 1.7% Maximum

C4 and Higher 0.7% Maximum

C6 and Higher 0.2% Maximum

CO2 + N2 0.2% Maximum

Hydrogen 0.1% Maximum

Carbon Monoxide 0.1% Maximum

Oxygen 0.5% Maximum

Sulfur 10 ppm Maximum

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

FRACKING

USE OF ENERGY WAVES TO DETECT NG RESERVES.

DRILLING OF GAS WELL

DRILLING OF COAL WITH NG STUCK TO THE SURFACE

SEPARATION OF NG AND WATER MIXTURE COMING FROM WELL

MULTIPLE WELLS CAN BE DRILLED AT SAME SITE TO MAXIMIZE PRODUCTION OF NG.

THE WATER AND NG ARE TRANSPORTED TO TREATMENT FACILITIES FOR FURTHER PURIFICATION AND USE.

CNG ENGINE

CNG AS A TRANSPORT FUEL

COMBUSTION AND EMISSIONS

Octane rating- 130 vs 91(Gasoline)Fuel-air ratio- 17.2:1 vs 14.7(Gasoline)

Emissions reduction based on Gasoline Engines:

NOx by 30-60% CO by 60-70%

CO2 by 25% NMHC 50-75%

An engine running on petrol for 100 km emits 22,000 grams of CO2, for same distance on CNG emits only 16,275 grams of CO2. CNG is essentially CH4 with a c.v. of 900 kJ/mol.

MAINTAINANCE

Proper training is required for all maintenance personnel working on CNG vehicles. The oil in a CNG vehicle does not need to be changed as frequently because CNG burns more cleanly than gasoline , producing less deposits in the oil.

APPLICATIONS

Environment Friendly.Low maintenance cost than other vehiclesIncreases the life of lubricating oilsIt mixes easily and evenly in air Engine Life Improves Less pollution and more efficiency.It is cheaper than petrol and diesel.

ADVANTAGES

Still a FOSSIL FUEL.

Leaking of methane from storage areas.

CNG tank require high storage space.

CNG made engine vehicles are costly more than other fuel engine of the same car.

CNG filling stations have limited

availability as compare to gasoline.

DISADVANTAGES

CNG engine Is low power engine

than the gasoline engine.

DISADVANTAGES

DANGERS OF FRACKING…

DANGERS OF FRACKING:

72 trillion gallons of water and 360 billion gallons of chemicals needed to run our current gas wells. During this process, methane gas and toxic chemicals leach out from the system and contaminate nearby groundwater.

The water brought in is mixed with sand and chemicals to create fracking fluid. Approximately 40,000 gallons of chemicals are used per fracturing.

DANGERS OF FRACKING:

Methane concentrations are 17x higher in drinking-water wells near fracturing sites than in normal wells.

The waste fluid is left in open air pits to evaporate, releasing harmful VOC’s (volatile organic compounds) into the atmosphere, creating contaminated air, acid rain, and ground level ozone.

DANGERS OF FRACKING:

Contaminated well water is used for drinking water for nearby cities and towns.There have been over 1,000 documented cases of water contamination next to areas of gas drilling as well as cases of sensory, respiratory, and neurological damage due to ingested contaminated water.

NG reserves in India

Locale:HariyanaThe railways have modified the 1,400 HP engine to run on dual fuel - diesel and CNG. The passenger train would consume over 20% of CNG, covering a distance of 81km in about two hours.

Rewari-Rohtak (132 km)

Argentinian company Zanella has launched a CNG powered bike. This is the first bike in the world to come with a factory fitted CNG power.

TOP 5 ONGOING PROJECTS IN INDIA

Current Energy Production[i]16,385.61 MW

Project State Commissioned Capacity (MW)

RGPPL, Anjanvel

Maharashtra 1480

Dadri Uttar Pradesh 817

Paguthan Gujarat 654.73Auraiya Uttar Pradesh 652Jhanor-Gandhar Gujarat 648

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.dangersoffracking.com/ https://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas www.afsglobal.com/faq/gas-comparisons.html www.consumerenergycenter.org/transportation/a

fvs/cng.html

www.cngnow.com

THANKS…

19/03/201435AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG