Gas Electric Partnership 2018

Compression / Driver Selection and Strategy Roundtable

Gas Electric Partnership 2018

Gas Electric Partnership 2018

Kinder Morgan –Compression Fleet as a Company

• Includes gathering, midstream, and transmission mainline compressor units from 1945 – current.

• Over 2000 units currently online and operating

• Over 5000 MW of compression available.

• Around 600 units offline and still active throughout U.S.

• Distribution includes low and high speed reciprocating units, turbine-driven centrifugal units and electric motor driven compression.

• Horsepower breakdown: Approx. 45% turbines, 45% reciprocating engines at a 2:1 LS /HS ratio, 10% electric motor driven units.

143332

900

645

Kinder Morgan Compression –by type

Electric Motor

Turbines

Low SpeedRecips

High SpeedRecips

Gas Electric Partnership 2018

Kinder Morgan Natural Gas Pipelines

• Major intrastate pipelines include: • TGPL• NGPL• SNG• EPNG• CIG

• Other interstate / gathering and midstream systems include: • KM Tejas• KM Texas

(Midstream)• Copano• Hiland Partners• ScissorTail Energy

Gas Electric Partnership 2018

Natural Gas Pipeline Company (Chicago area to Texas / Louisiana)

NGPL Compression: HP Breakdown

ElectricMotor

GasTurbine

LS Recip

HS Recip

0 50 100 150 200

ElectricMotor

GasTurbine

LS Recip

HS Recip

Number of Mainline Units

Gas Electric Partnership 2018

Tennessee Gas Pipeline System(NE US to Texas / Louisiana, three parallel lines)

0 200 400 600

Electric Motor

Gas Turbine

LS Recip

HS Recip

Number of Mainline Units

TGPL Compression: HP Breakdown

ElectricMotor

GasTurbine

LS Recip

HS Recip

Gas Electric Partnership 2018

Colorado Interstate Gas Company (Colorado outward to WY, TX, UT, KS)

CIG Compression: HP Breakdown

ElectricMotor

GasTurbine

LS Recip

HS Recip

0 25 50 75 100

ElectricMotor

Gas Turbine

LS Recip

HS Recip

Number of Mainline Units

Gas Electric Partnership 2018

El Paso Natural Gas Company (Legacy El Paso from West Tx to California)

EPNG Compression: HP Breakdown

ElectricMotorGasTurbineLS Recip

HSRecip

0 100 200 300

Electri…

Gas…

LS…

HS…

Number of Mainline Units

Gas Electric Partnership 2018

Southern Natural Gas System(FL & GA to Texas )

SNG Compression:HP Breakdown

ElectricMotor

GasTurbine

LS Recip

HS Recip

0 50 100 150 200

Electric…

Gas…

LS Recip

HS Recip

Number of Mainline Units

Gas Electric Partnership 2018

Kinder Morgan Compressors –Historical Perspective

0 200 400 600

Electric Motor

Gas Turbine

LS Recip

HS Recip

Number of Mainline Units

TGPL Compression: HP Breakdown

ElectricMotor

GasTurbine

LS Recip

HS Recip

NGPL Compression: HP Breakdown

ElectricMotor

GasTurbine

LS Recip

HS Recip

0 50 100 150 200

ElectricMotor

GasTurbine

LS Recip

HS Recip

Number of Mainline Units

EPNG Compression: HP Breakdown

ElectricMotorGasTurbineLS Recip

HSRecip

0 100 200 300

Electri…

Gas…

LS…

HS…

Number of Mainline Units

CIG Compression: HP Breakdown

ElectricMotor

GasTurbine

LS Recip

HS Recip

0 25 50 75 100

ElectricMotor

Gas Turbine

LS Recip

HS Recip

Number of Mainline Units

SNG Compression:HP Breakdown

ElectricMotor

GasTurbine

LS Recip

HS Recip

0 50 100 150 200

Electric…

Gas…

LS Recip

HS Recip

Number of Mainline Units

Gas Electric Partnership 2018

Efficiency Still Matters !*Because it affects both fuel and available HP*

𝐻𝑃𝑖𝑛 ≥ ሶ𝑚 ∗ ∆ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 ∗1

𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙= 𝜌 ∗ 𝑄 ∗ ∆ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 ∗

1

𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ ∗ 𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 ∗ 𝑛𝑐𝑝

h mech = Mechanical efficiency of converting power from driver to compressor, will be 0.90-0.98, depending upon age of engine / motor and gearbox / coupling combinationh isen = Isentropic efficiency of compression, governed by compressor design, large range from 0.65-0.88.

𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 =ℎ2𝑠 − ℎ1

ℎ2𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 − ℎ1

h cp = Compressor package efficiency = 0.90-0.98, affects recips more than centrifugals because of valve losses and pulsation control system

Example of combined efficiency (new centrifugal):hmech = 0.98

hisen = 0.87

hcp = 0.98

htotal = 0.98*.87*.98 = 0.83

Example of new reciprocating compressor:hmech = 0.95

hisen = 0.87

hcp = 0.93

htotal = 0.95*.87*.93= 0.76

Example of combined efficiency (older centrifugal, change in operating conditions):hmech = 0.98

hisen = 0.75

hcp = 0.97

htotal = 0.98*.75*.97 = 0.71 (12% less!)

Example of older reciprocating compressor:hmech = 0.93

hisen = 0.72

hcp = 0.90

htotal = 0.93*.72*.90= 0.60 (Over 16 % less!)

Gas Electric Partnership 2018

When to Consider Alternatives to New CompressionCost : Total cost of retrofit

project should be less cost and risk than new compressor

Emissions: Older units at site may limit feasibility of

retrofit projects. May be better to retire /

replace and buy new

Power: New Power Required ~ 20% of

Rated Site Compressors –

difficult to uprate more than this.

New operating

point mustbe on redesigned

compressor map AND below HP rating of

final driver configuration

Gas Electric Partnership 2018

Thank you for your time and attention.

• Marybeth McbainKinder Morgan, Sr. Pipeline EngineerMarybeth_mcbain@kindermorgan.com

Gas Electric Partnership 2018

Comparison of Parallel vs Series options for Centrifugal Compressors

3 units in parallel 2 units in series 2 units in parallel

MOST COSTLY $$ MID RANGE COST LEAST COST $$

MOST AVAILABILITY / REDUNDANCY LEAST REDUNDANCY

Disadvantages:

MAX ABILITY TO MATCH 100% PIPELINE FLOW IF ONE UNIT IS DOWN

IF ONE UNIT DOWN, CAN BE ONLINE ONLY AT < 60% PIPELINE FLOW

IF ONE UNIT DOWN, CAN BE ONLINE ONLY AT < ~75% PIPELINE FLOW

FLEXIBILITY TO MATCH HIGHLY VARIABLE FLOWS

GREATEST FLEXIBILITY TO MATCH HIGHLY VARIABLE FLOWS

LEAST FLEXIBILITY TO MATCH HIGHLY VARIABLE FLOWS < 50% DESIGN FLOW

BEST FOR INLET AND OUTLET STATIONS

BEST FOR MIDPOINT STATIONS ON PIPELINE WITH 70-100% PIPELINE DESIGN FLOW