Computation of Tides at Fleetwood. Results of Theory and Observation

Computation of Tides at Fleetwood. Results of Theory and ObservationAuthor(s): James PearsonSource: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Science, Vol. 3 (1883), pp. 111-124Published by: Royal Irish AcademyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20490062 .

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PEARSON-On the Cooputation of Tides at Fleetwood. ill

XIX.-COMPrTATION OF TIDES AT :FLEETWOOD.-RESULTS OF THEORY

AND OBSERVATION. By JAMES PEARSON, A. A., Ex-Scholar (15th Wrangler), Trinity College, Cambridge.

[Read, November 12, 1877.]

IN resuming the consideration of the subject of the tides, it is not my intention to enter at any greater length into the theory which has pro duced results so closely in accordance with observation: it is sufficient for me to make some remarks on the principal cause of such discrepan cies as are found to arise where tables have been used which are based upon that theory-and amongst these disturbing influences, the pres sure of the atmosphere rarnks foremost. A very simple process may be employed to establish this. It is found that, in the same month, but in different years, the same, or nearly the same, constituents have to be employed in computing a tide; and as like causes produce like effects in nature, the resulting tide ought to be the same in both cases.

But it is not so, and the variation is found to depend on the height of the mercury in the barometer, or, more correctly, on the magnitude and direction of the gradients indicated in the weather reports issued in the newspapers. Another disturbing element is that which depends on the suddenness with which the pressure shifts its direction. Thus, a south-east wind rapidly changing into a south-west wind causes an unusual elevation of the level of the Irish Sea. Two examples may serve by way of illustration. In the first case there are exhibited two tides which have very nearly the same constituents, and which, in consequence of the atmospheric conditions being the same, give re sults both agreeing with observation. The heights are given in feet and inches.

CASE I.

I876, Sept. 3, Morning Tide, 1877, Aug. 23, Morning Tide, I Anti-lunar and Solar. Anti-lunar and Solar.

d h. m. ft. in. d. h. m. ft. in. Moon's Transit, B, . 1 10 39 25 5 21 10 35 25 4 Corr. for Anti-lunar, . + 1 + 1

Moon's Hor. Parallax, 5.4' 45" - 7 54f' 3" - 11 Anti-lunar Declination, 18' 12'N. des. - 7 20? 41' N. des. - 10 Solar Declination, . 8? N. + 4 120 N. + 4

24 8 obs. 24 8 24 0 obs. 24 0

Bar. 29 9. No wind. j Bar. 29-8. No wind.



112 Proceedings of the Royal Irishi Acadtemny.

CASE II.

I876, Sept. Io, Morning Tide, I877, Aug. 21, Morning Tide, Lunar and Anti-solar. Lunar and Anti-solar.

d. h. m. ft i. d. h. m. ft. in. Moon's Transit B, . 8 3 30 23 2 29 3 50 22 8 Corr. for Lunar, . + 5 + 5 Moon's Hor. Parallax, 57' 53" + + 7 55 50 - & Lunar Declination, . 20' 0' N. asc. - 4 190 23' N. ase. - 2 Anti-solar Declination, 5' S. + 5 9O 8. + 4

24 3 obs. 24 3 23 7 obs. 22 11

Bar. 2917. No wind. Bar. 29 6. Wind N.W., strong.

It is to be observed that, in Case II., although the tide of Sep tember 10 has almost all its constituents more favourable to its development than those of August 31, still, in consequence of the atmospheric conditions, a higher tide results in the former case than in the latter.

In the computation of tides, the first thing which is of importance is, that we assign to each tide its proper classification. The transit

which is to be employed, as a sort of standard transit from which tides are to be calculated, is the transit next but two preceding that transit which is nearest to the time of high water of the tide con sidered. This transit is, in fact, the transit B of Sir John Lubbock's

Tables. The rule for determining the classification for the tides of the Irish Sea is as follows :-" Lower transits B are followed by lunar tides, and upper transits B by Anti-lunar tides. All transits I

which take place between 238 hours, and I lt hours (apparent Green wich time), give morning tides; and al between 111 hours, and 23 4 hours (apparent Greenwich time), give evening tides. All transits B, after 6 hours, and before 18 hours, are connected with solar tides; and all transits B, after 18 hours, and before 6 hours, with anti-solar tides."

A tabulated comparison of the results of theory and observation is appended, with remarks on the atmospheric conditions in explanation of such discrepancies as are found to occur in them.



PEARSON-On the Computation of Tides at Fleet wood. 113

TABULATED RESULTS.

Mrnin Ccua ObeRemarks. Date. and n-a

Evening. tons. tions. Earom. and Win.

1876. ft. in. ft. in. August 8 M. 26 7 25-10 301, S. W.

E. 25'2 24.5 9 M. 26&5 25'10 30-1, W.

E. 25 7 24'7 10 M. 26'2 25-5 301 W. N. W.

E. 23411 23 7 11 MI. 254 24-9 30Q3 E.S.E.

E. 23 3 23-3 12 M. 24-1 23-9 30'2 E.SE.

E. 22'5 22 4 13 M. 23'0 22'10 300, E. S. E.

E. 2141 2116 14 M. 21-5 21-7 300, W.

E. 20 3 20'5 15 MI. 20'11 2141 30'0, N. V.

E. 210 210 16 M. 2118 21'9 3090 E.

E. 22%6 22-6 17 M. 23'4 23'3 300, E. S. E.

E. 1 24410 24410 18 M. 1 2516 25 4 2991 E.

E. 26 8 26'7 19 M. 26'10 26'7 29 97 E. S. E.

E. I 28'2 28'2 20 MI. 280 27 9 298, N.E.

E. - _ 21 I. I 29'2 290 29-9, E. S. F.

E. 28'3 27'9 22 M. 279' 28 9 29 9, W. N. W.

E. 27 9 27-8 23 M. 28'5 28'4 298, w.N.v.

E. 26'10 26 9 W 24 M. 26'9 26411 298, W. N. W.

E. 253 25'8 25 HI. 249 24'7 30'0, N. N. E.

E. 23'5 23'5 26 M. 22410 23'2 300, S. W.

E. 21'4 22'6 Strong wind, S. W. gale. 27 M. 20'9 21'6 2941, V.

E. 19'9 19'9 28 M. 19-1 18 11 29 8, S. S. W.

E. 18'9 19 4 Wind high. 29 M. 18'5 19'9 29'D? W.

E. 19'1 19'4



114 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy.

Mor nin Calcula- Observa- Remarks. Date. and

Evening. Barom. and Wind.

1876. ft. in. ft in.

Aug. 30 M. l8'10 19'3 2916, W. S. W. E. 20'2 22'9 Wind high, S.; bar. 29'2.

31 M. 2016 21-4 29,0, W. S. W. E. 21'9 22-6

Sept. 1 |M. 21411 2119 29-6, N. W. E. 23'10 24'1

2 M. 23'5 23-4 2918, N. N. E. E. 25'2 25'5

3 1M. 2418 2418 29'9, W. N. W. E. 2613 26'3

4 M. 25X9 26'2 29'5, E. E. 27'o 27-4

45 1W. - i294,S. E. 26'6 2663

6f M. 28'0 28'0 29 4, S. W. E. 26410 26'10

7 1. 27411 27'9 29'5, S.W. E. 26'4 26'4

8 M. 27'2 26 10 2916, W. N. W. E. 5'4 2541

9 ]W. 25'9 264 29'7, W. E. 24'3 24'3

10 lM. 2439 24'3 29-7, W. N. W. E. 22'9 23'11

11 1W. 22X6 22'10 29'7, W. N. W. E. 21'2 21'7

12 M. 20'8 20'7 29-8, N. W. E. 20'0 20'4

13 1M. 20'2 20-4 2918, N. W. E. 20'9 20'11

14 M. 21-5 2116 29'8, W. B. 1 2210 22'10

15 MW. I 23'8 23-9 2918, W. E. 25-4 25-4

16 MW. 2518 25-5 29'7, S. E. E. 27'0 270o

17 M. 27'2 2741 29'6, S. E. 2816 28'7

18 M. 27'11 27'9 29'7, S. W. E. 29'7 2816 Bar. rising.

19 M. . - 30'0, W. E. 28'3 27'9 Bar. 30'1.

20 M. 28%6 28-1 Bar. 30'1, W. E. 217'7 27'3

Sept. 21 M. 27-8 27'7 30'27 S. E. E. 26-6 26'5



PEARSON-On the Computation of Tides at IFeetwood. 115

Morning Calcula- Observa- Remarks. Date. and

tin. tos Evening. tn ios Barom. and Wind.

1876. ft. in. ft. in.

Sept. 22 M 2613 26'4 1 300 S. E. E. 25'3 25'3

23 M. 24 4 24'5 29 8, S. B. B. 23X8 24'0

24 M. 22X4 22'6 Bar. faling. E. 21'8 22410 Bar. 29'9, S. E.

25 M. 20'5 21 3 29'5, S. W. E. 19-8 19'9

26 M. 18X7 18'7 29'8 S. E. 1816 18'7

27 M. 17 6 17'6 2916, W. E. 18.8 18'8

28 M. 1817 1818 29'6, E. E. 20'2 20 3

29 M. 20'4 20'S 29'4, W. E. 21910 2210

30 M. 21'10 21'9 2916, N. E. B. 24'9 23'5 Gale N. N. E.

Oct. 1 M. 2318 23'5 2916, N. E. E. 25'5 25-1 Bar. rising.

2 M. 24'11 24'5 30 1, E. E. 2619 26'4

3 M. 25611 25'11 29'8, E.S.E. E. 27'9 27'9

4 M. 27X3 1 27'2 29'7, S. E. E. 28'6 28-4

5 M. _ E. 27'1 27'4 29'8, E. S. E.

6 M. 28'2 28'1 29'8, S. E. E. 2710 27'2

7 M. 27'3 27'6 29-8, S. E. E. 26'1 26-6

8 M. 2510 26'2 29'9, S E. 24<7 24'11

9 M. 24'3 24'7 Bar. fallen. E. 22'11 24-4 Bar. 29'4, S. E.

10 M. 22'4 23'5 29'4, S. W. E. 21'3 23'1

11 M. 20'6 21'4 i W. gales. E. 20'7 23'3 29'1, S.

12 M. 21'0 21'4 ! 295, S. E. 21iS 22'6

13 M. 22'4 2211 29'6, S. W. B. 23'9 24<7

14 M. 24'3 24'7 1 29'5, S. E. 26-8 26'3



116 Proceedin;gs of the Royal Irish Academy.

Dt. Morning~ Remarks. t Date. | and Calcula- I Observa

Evening. tions. t Barom. and Wind.

1876. ft, in. j ft. in. j Oct. 1S M. 26'0 25 10 29'7, S.

E. 27'0 27'2 16 M. 27'0 27-5 2916, S. E.

E. 28'3 28'3 17 M. 27'8 27-8 2986, S. E.

E. 28'3 28'5 18 XM. 2719 27'9 29'6, S. E.

E. 27'10 27'9 19 XM. .

E. 271 26'10 Bar. 29'8, S. 20 XM. 26'6 26'1 Bar. 30. 0, S. E.

I E. 25'10 25'9 21 XM. 25'2 25'0 30'1, N. E.

E. 24'10 24'2 22 XM. 23'7 23'4 30'2.

E. 23'3 22'11 23 ;M. 21'7 21'6

E. 21'9 21'9 24 I IM. 20'2 20'2 30'1, S.E.

E B. 20'3 20' 6 25 M. 18'7 18-7 30'2 S. E.

E. 19'3 19'4 26 M. 17'7 1716 30'3, S. E.

E. 19'3 19'2 27 M. 18'S 18'5 30'3, S. E.

E. 20'5 20'3 28 M. 20'1 19'10 Bar. rising.

E. 22'0 21'7 Bar. 30'3, S. E. 29 XI. 21'10 22 0 Settled.

E. 23'9 23'5 30'3, S. W. 30 M. 23'6 23-6 30'2, N. W.

E. 25'7 25'2 31 MI. 25'1 24'5 Bar. 30'3, W.

E. 26'11 i 26'0 Bar. 30'4

Nov. 1 XI. 20511 25 7 Bar. 3064, N. E. E. 27'5 27'0 I

2 X. 26'6 26'6 30'3, N. W. E. 27'10 27'8

3 M. 27'1 27'3 30'2,.W. E. - _ ,

4 M. 27' I, 27'5 30.3, W.N.W. E. 268 26'7

5 M. 26'8 26aS 30'3, W. E. 25-9 25'11

6 M. 25'S 25'5 30S3O,W. E. 24'6 24'6



PEARSON -On the Computation of Tides at Pleetwood. 117

M Nlorningi Remarks. Date. I and Calcula- Observa

'Evening. tions. tions. Barom. and Wind.

1876. ft. in. ft in. I Nov. 7 11. 2311! 23 8 | Wind WV., slight.

E. 23'3 23 4 30'3, N. E. 8 -M. 22'5 22'0 Bar. 30'2, S. E.

E. 2210 22'2 9 M. 21-1 20'11 I 30'1, N.E.

E. 21'6 218t 10 M. 21'3 21'0 Frost.

E. 22'3 I 22'4 30'2, N. E. 11 I. 22'5 23'0 Bar. fallen.

E. 23'4 23'9 29 9, S. E. 12 M. 23'6 23'0

E. 24'9 ' 24'6 29'7,E. 13 3I. 24'10 248 29'3, B.

E. 25'7 25'3 14 Al. 25'7 25'8 296, E.

E. 26'3 27'3 Bar. fallen, S. S. W. 15 M. 25'10 1 26'6 294, S. E.

E. 26'3 26-7 16 M. 26'1 26 4 29 3, E. N. E.

E. 26'2 26'10 S. W. 117 XI. 26'2 1 26'8 299.S.

E. - I 18 M. 25'7 25'7 29'8 S.

E. 25'8 26'0 19 MN. 24'9 25^3 Bar. 29'7, S.

B3. 24'7 2516 Gradients. 20 A. 2394 24'5 Southerly.

E. 23'4 24'0 1 29'?, S.W. 21 M. 22'3 1 22'5

E. 22'6 I 23'0 Bar. 29 9, W. 22 MI. 21Q0 21'4 301, S. E.

E. 21'5 22'3 S. 23 M. 19'9 I 203 30'1, S. E.

E. 20'8 21'3 24 M. 19'3 I 19'3 29'8, S.E.

E. 20'6 20'6 25 M. 19'0 18 11 296, S. E.

E. 21'O 21'2 26 M. 20'0 20'2 29'5, S. E.

E. 22'0 22'3 27 M. 21'2 21'5 29'4, S E.

E. 23'2 22'11 Wind E., slight. 28 M. 22'7 228S 29'3, N.

E. 24'6 2416 29 M. 24'3 245S 2994 W. S. W.

E. 26510 25'10 30 M. 26'7 258 - 29'5, S.

F,. 26'7 26'6



118 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy.

Date. alMnd Calcula- Observa- Remarks.

Evening. tions. tions. Barom. and Wind.

1876. Mff. in. ft. in.

Dec. I M. 26'10 26'11 Bar. fallen. E. 27S 285S Bar. 29'2, S. E.

2 M. 527' 2716 E. 27410 26Q11 Gale N. E.; bar. 29'0.

3 - - E. 27'8 2816 Bar. fallen; wind S. W.

4 M. 27'8 28-5 Bar. 289. E. 26'11 285' Stormy.

5 XM. 2616 27'6 Bar. 28'5. E. 26'2 27'7

6 M. 25'2 27'6 Gale S. W. E. 252 2710 Bar. 2819.

7 M. 24'3 25'0 Unsettled. E. [ 24'0 1 253 Stormy.

8 M. 22-11 2316 29 6, N.W. E. 22'11 24'2

9 MI 22-0 22-3 30'0, W. E. I 22'9 2361

10 M. 22-7 22'7 30 1, S. W. E. 23'1 23'7

11 X. 22'10 23-1 30'0, S. E. j 23'6 23'8

12 M. 234 24'7 29-6, W. S. W. E. 23'11 ! 24'0

13 M. 24'1 24'1 29-6, S. E. 24'3 24 9 Bar. fallen.

14 M. 24-8 25'1 29'7, S. E. 248 24a5

15 M. 25-1 25'1 29S, S. E. 24'8 24'8

16 M. 254 25a4 29'7, S. E. 24'9 24'7 I

17 M. . - _ E. 265S 25 7 29'6, S.

18 M. 24-6 24'2 295S, S. E. B. 1 254 25'2

19 M. 23-10 23'10 29'1, S. E. 24'10 25'0

20 . I 23'3 233 1 E. 24'4 25'0 Bar. fallen, 289.

21 M. 228 2216 Bar. steady. E. I 23'9 24'3 Gale W.

22 M. 22'3 22-5 28-9, W. E. 2313 23'3

23 M. 1 21'7 21'4 29I, S. E. 22'8 22'7



PEARSON-On the Computation of Tides at Fleetwood. 119

Morning Clua Obev-Remarks. Date. and ()alcnla- Observa Evening. tions. tions. Barom. and Wind.

1876. ft. in. ft. in. Dec. 24 M. 21 0 20'2 Wind E.; frost.

E. 22'1 21&3 29'4, S. E. 25 M. 20'6 19X5 29'6, N. E.

E. 21'10 20410 , , 26 M. 20'9 19'8 30-1, E.

E. 22-4 21'5 27 M. 21'8 23-1 Bar. falling; gale.

E. 23'1 23'11 S.W.; 294. 28 M. 23'0 23'4 29 4, S.

E. 24'5 24-4 29 M. 24'9 24'7 29'5, S.

E. 2510 27'0 Bar. falling. 30 M. 25'10 26'9 .

E. 26'11 27'7 Bar. 29 0, S. 31 M. 27'5 29'6 ,, 29'0, S. W.

E. 27'10 29'0 Bar. falling; gale, S. W. 1877.

Jan. 1 M. E. 28'4 29'7 28'8, S.

2 M. 28'3 27'8 WindW.; Bar. rising,frost. E. 28'5 28'8

3 M. 27'10 27'3 Gale, S. E. E. 27'11 27'6 ,, ,

4 M. 27'1 27'0 E. 27'0 28'9 Bar. falling; wind S. W.

6 M. 25o10 2616 Bar. 29 0; S. W. E. 2510 27'0 ,,

6 M. 244 250 E. 24'3 25'5 Bar. 28'8; stormy.

7 M. 22'9 24'9 1. ,, E. 22'6 25'0 High winds, S.

8 M. 21'10 23'1 Bar. 29 1; storm, S. W.

E. 21-5 22-8 ,, 9 M. 21'4 22 0 29'4, S. W.

E. 21'1 21'9 10 M. 21'5 21'6 29'9, S. B.

E. 214 21'6 11 M. 22'2 22-2 29-9, N. E.

E. 22'0 22'2 Settled and cold. 12 M. 23'1 23'3 29'0, E.

E. 22'9 22'6 13 M. 23'11 24'1 Bar. falling.

E. 23'4 24'0 Wind S. 14 M. 24-8 25'4 Signal flying; Bar. 290.

E. 24'0 251 High wind. 15 M. 25X6 25'4 29'8, N. W.

E. _ _

1. I. A. PROC., BER. I1.2 TOL. II.-SCIENCE. X



120 Proceedings of the Royal Iriskh Academy.

l ~~Morning Remarks. Date. and Calcula- Observa

1 ___________ - Evening. tions. tions. Barom. and Wind.

1877. ft. in. ft. in. Jan. 16 M. 24410 2411 29 9, S.

E. 26-1 26 2 17 M. 2510 25-1 29-71 S.

E. 261 261 18 M. 24-8 24*9 Bar. falling fast.

E. 25-9 27*0 29-5, S. W. 19 M. 24A4 2418 Unsettled.

E. 2516 2710 Gale, S. W. 20 M. 23'10 23-4 Sudden rise of Bar.

E. 2540 24-10 30<1, S. 21 M. 23-2 2211 Bar. 30'3.

E. 24-3 24-1 Wind W. 22 M. 22-2 21'10 Bar. 30 4, S.

E. 23'2 22'7 , I 23 M. 21'3 21'5 30 4, S. E.

E. '2110 22-1 Bar. falling. 24 M. 20'7 20411 3010, S.

E. 21'1 21'0 25 M. 20'7 21'5 Gale, W.

E. 21'7 219- 30 0, S. 26 M. 21'9 20'10 Gale, W.; Bar. 3030.

E. 22410 22'7 ? I 27 H. 23'4 24'2 Wind S.; Bar. falling.

E. 24<7 24'3 Sudden rise, 30'0. 28 M. 2.54 27'6 Gale, W.; Bar. falling.

E. 26'4 27-8 29'8, S. W. 29 M. 27'S 27'6 Wind W.; Bar. rising.

E. 27-10 29'0 Gale, S. W.; 29'9. 30 M. 28'9 31'0 Hurricane, S.W.; Bar. 29'0.

E. _ _ 31 M. 28'9 28'2 Bar. sudden rise to 30 0;

E. 29'5 29'6 [N. W.

Feb. 1 M. 28X9 29'4 Sudden fall of Bar. E. 29'1 29-5 29'8, S. W.

2 H. 27'9 28'0 29'7, S. E. 2850 28'11 Further fall.

3 M. 26'8 27'4 Wind S. W. B. 26'5 28'5 298, S. W.

4 M. 24'9 2518 Gale, W. N. W. E. 24'2 24-6 29 9, W.

S M. 23-0 23'3 30'1, W. E. 22'2 23'3

6 M. 21'0 21'0 30'0, S. E. 20'2 21'5 Bar. faling.

7 M. 1919 20'3 Wind high. E. 19'3 19'5 30'0, W.



PEARSON- On the Computation of Tides at Fleetwood. 121

Morning Rmrs Date. and Calcula- Observa- Remarks.

Evening. tions, ftons. Barom. and Wind.

1877. j ft. in. ft. in. Feb. 8 M. 19 8 19-6 30'1, W.

E. 19'8 20'O 9 M. 20'7 20'10 301, S. W.

E. 20-6 21'6 Bar. falling; wind S.W. 10 M. 21'9 22'6 Wind high.

E. 21'10 22-2 29'8, S. W. 11 M. 23S6 24-9 Gale, S. W.

E. 22-9 23'3 Bar. still falling. 12 3. 24'7 26 7

E. 23'10 24'6 29-6, S. W. 13 M. 25'7 25'11 29'6, W.

E. 250 25'0 14 M. 26'7 26'11 29'7, S.

E. _ 15 M. 25-8 25411 29'8, S.

E. 2713 27'S 16 M. 25'10 26'1 29'6, S.

E. 27'3 27'4 17 3. 25'7 258 29-8, W.

E. 26'9 26'0 Wind W., strong. 18 M. 25'0 25'0 Bar. 30 0.

E. 2510 25'7 ,, 29'7. 19 M. 24'1 24'5 Wind N. W.

E. 24'8 24'11 29'9, W. 20 M. 22-11 25'6 Gale N. W.; Bar. 29-4.

E. 23'4 25'6 ,. 21 M. 2116 24'0 Stormy-; Bar. rising.

E. 21'10 20'4 Wind N. E.; Bar. 30 0. 22 M. 20'1 19'6 Wind N. E.; Bar. 30-2.

7Ez 20'5 2058 ,, N.W. 23 M. 19'6 17'8 Wind N.; cold.

E. 20'6 203 300, N. W. 24 M. 20 10 21'2 High wind, W. N. W.

E. 22'0 22'6 Bar. falling. 25 M. 23-3 24'6 Gale, N. W.

E. 24'5 24'7 Bar. 29'2. 26 M. 25'9 25a6 Wind N.

E. 26'3 26'0 Frost. 27 M. 27'8 27'8 29'8, N. W.

E. 27-11 27'7 ,, 28 M. 29-2 28'8 Hard frost; wind N.

E. 28-9 2853 Bar. 301.

March 1 M. E. 29'10 29'8 Wind S.; Bar. falling

2 M. 29'0 28511 Lslo%IY. E. 29 9 29'8 30-1, S.

K 2



122 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Acadenmy.

Morning Remarks. Date. and Calcula- Observa


1877. ft. in. ft. in. March 3 M. 28'0 28-0 30'1, S. W.

E. 28 4 28'7 2919, S. 4 M. 26'6 26'6 29'9, S.

E. 26'3 26'4 29'9, N. W. 5 M. 24-8 24'6

E. 23 10 23'8 29'9, N. W. 6 M. 22'7 22'1 30'0, N. W.

E. 21-6 21'8 Bar. falling; wind N. W. 7 M. 20'7 20'8 29'6, S.

E. 1811 17*?7 Gale, N.; Bar. 30'0. 8 M. 185 17?0 WindN.,

E. 17?4 16'6 ,, 9 M. 18.5 180 ,,

E. 18S2 18'0 30'1, E. 10 M. 19'8 19'6 30-1, S.

E. 19'6 20'0 30'1, S.W. 11 M. 21'5 21'6 30'1, S.

E. 21'3 21'3 12 M. 23'2 24'2 30-0, S.W.; fall of j inch.

E. 22'9 23'6 Strong gale. 13 N. 24X8 24'9 Rising; wind N. N. W.

E. 24'2 24'6 Gale, N. W. 14 M. 26'0 26'4 ,, 29'7.

E. 2563 25 0 15 M. 27?2 27?2 29'6, W.

E. 26'4 27?0 Gale, W. 16 M. 2851 27?7 Wind N.N.W., 29'0; Bar.

E. [rising. 17 M. 26'10 26'2 N. N. W., 29'S.

E. 28'1 27?3 N. 18 M. 26 6 26'6

E. 27'3 27?1 19 M. 25'9 25'6

E. 26'3 26'0 20 M. 24'7 24'7 Frost, 298.

E. 24'8 24'10 21 M. 23'5 23'7 N. E.; 29-4.

E. 23'3 23'6 22 M. 22'0 22'4

E. 20 3 21'7 23 M. 20'3 20'7 S.,7strong; 29-3.

E. 19-9 20'9 24 M. 19'8 20'0

E. 20-8 208S 25 M. 21'5 20'10 S. E., gale.

E. 22'3 22'2



PEARSON-On the Computation of Tides at Fleetwood. 123

Morning Calcula-| Observa Remarks. Date. and

Calula Obera


1877. ft. in. ft. in.

March 26 M. 23'10 2311 E. 24'10 25'3 S. Wind, strong.

27 M. 26-4 26-7 . .. E. 26-11 27'5 Stormy.

28 M. 28-1 28-3 E. 28-1 281

29 M. 29-3 29-2 E. 28-10 28'8

30 M. 29'5 29-2 E. _ _

31 M. 28'10 28-8 E. 28'10 2941 W.

A pril I M. 27411 27'7 N. N. W., cold. A l . 274 27-6

2 M. 26-3 26%6 W. S. W. E. 25-4 25'7

3 M. 24'5 25-4 Bar.fallingfast; signalifly E. 23-2 23411 Bar. 29-3. [ikg; wind S.

4 M. 22-9 23-11 ,, 29-0. E. 21-4 22-1 1 M. 20-8 22-3 Unsettled. E. 19-2 19-11

6 M. 19-1 20-0 E. 17-9 18-3

7 1M 18-10 18-11 E. 18-4 18-4

8 M. 1910 20-0 E. 19-9 20-0

9 M. 21'5 216 E. 21'4 21-7

10 M. 23'0 23'2 E. 23'0 23-4 :

11 M1. 24-7 24-4 E. 2413 24t0 Bar rising.

12 M. 26 Q 25 4 N., gusty. E. 25'5 25-3

1 3 M1. 26-10 26-6 E. 26-0 25-11

14 M. 27-3 26-6 S. E., strong; Bar. 30-0. E. 26%6 26-0 ,.

15 M.l B. 27'7 26-7 S. E., gale; Bar. 298.

16 M. 26-7 26-0 S.B., ,, ,, 29'8. E. 2610 25-7 E. ,,

17 M. 25-11 25'3 E ,, E. 23 9 I252 E., Bar. 29'8.



124 Proceedings of the Royal Iri8h Academiy.

Morning Remarks. Date. and Calcula- Observa


1877. ft. in. ft in.

April 18 M. 24X9 2449 E. 2413 2413

19 M. 23-3 2313 E. 22-9 2248

20 M. 22-1 22-3 E. 21-4 21-4

21 M. 2140 2149 S.W.; Bar. falling. E. 2046 20 9 Unsettled.

22 M. 212 214 E. 21i2 2113

23 M. 22'4 22:2 E. 2340 22411

24 M. 2440 23'9 E. 24-7 2446

25 iL 25611 267 S.E.; 2948. E. 26&2 25610 S. E.; 2949.

26 M. 27'2 26-7 S. E., strong; 30 0. E. 2611 26-7 S. E.; 29-8.

27 M. 27.6 26411 S. E., strong; 29 8. E. 2741 26'11 ,, ,, 29 9.

28 M. 27 4 2713 E. 27-0 27'0

29 M. E. 27'0 2610

30 M. 2648 26-5 N., frosty; 2948. E. 2568 26 9 N. W.; 3040.



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Computation of Tides at Fleetwood. Results of Theory and Observation

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