Computer

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Presentation outline:-

• Introduction. • History.• Generations.• Type.• Classification. • Advantages and disadvantages.

IntroductionA computer is a device that can receive, process and store data.A computer has three major parts1. Input device 2. Processing unit 3. Output device

History

The first ever computer known Is the ABACUS Made by Suantan(A Chinese mathematician.

Based on decimal system.

Invented in 2400BC.

The ancient Greek-designed Antikythera mechanism.

dating between 150 to 100 BC, is the world's BC,oldest analog computer.

Generations

1st Generation Computers were large in

size Mechanical process was

involved.Made in 19th century Penched cards were used

as memory.Made by charles babbage.

punched cards

Vacuum tube

Brain of 1st generation computers

It was the most expensive part of computer at that time

DISADVANTAGEThe disadvantages of the first-generation computers are:

1. They were too bulky.2. They emitted large amounts of heat because they used lots of vacuum tubes3. AIR conditioning was required.4. They were prone to frequent failure that’s why they were unreliable.5. They were not portable.

SECOND-GENERATION COMPUTERS(1956-1963)

• In the generation of computers, transistors were used in place of vacuum tubes.

 • Transistors are more compact than vacuum

tubes as they are made up of semiconductors.

• Durability of these computers were increased by the use of transistors.

 IBM 1620 – Its size was used smaller as compared to the first-

generation computers and it was used mostly for scientific purpose.

 IBM 1401- IT was used for was business application.

CDC 3600- IT was used for scientific purpose.

ADVANTAGES

• The advantages that the second-generation computers had over the generation computers are:

 • They were smaller as compared to first-

generation computers.• They generated less heat.• They took comparatively less computers

time.• They were less prone to failure.

The disadvantages that second generation computer had over the first generation commuter are:  • They required Air Conditioning.

• Frequent maintenance was required.

• They were difficult and quite expensive

3rd generation

In the third generation of computers integrated circuits (ICs) began to be used. These ICs were called chips.

These ICs are more compact than a transistor.

Single ICs has many transistors, registers and capacitors, placed on a single thin of silicon.

So the computer built of such components became smaller.

Invention of transistor was the evolution of 20th century.

Some of the computers developed during this period were :

IBM- 360- Developed by IBM in 1964. PDP – 8 -Developed by DEC in 1965. PDP- 11 - Developed by DEC IN 1970. CRA 1 - Developed by CRAY research in 1974. VAX - Developed by DEC 1978.

ADVANTAGES

THE advantages that the third-generated computers had over the second-generation computers were:

1.They were smaller in size as compared to the second-generation computers.2. They generated less heat.3. They reduced computational time.4. They involved low maintenance cost.5. They were easily portable. 6. They were comparatively cheaper.

• Fourth-generation computers used very large integration (VLSI) technology.

• After the induction of integrated circuits, computers could only get small in size, since hundreds of computers could fit onto one chip.

• By the 1890s, the use of VLSI technology had squeezed hundreds of thousands of computers onto a single chip.

• Ultra-large scale integration (ULSI) increased that number to millions. This also helped decrease the price of computers are IBM-PC, Apple macintosh, sun SPARC station etc.

FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER(1971 ONWARDS)

ADVANTAGES

THEY ADVANTAGES OF FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS OVER THIRD-GENERATION COMPUTERS ARE:

• They were cheaper.• They had a larger memory and high functional

speed.• They consumed less power.• They generated a negligible amount of heat.

• Is classified as fourth generation computers.

• faster, more powerful, tremendous data

• storage and processing capacity

• New brands and models would come out the market almost every other month.

• Many clones or imitations of the IBM have become even more powerful and a lot cheaper.

TODAY’S COMPUTER

Computers became more affordable Computers can now be found in homes, schools,

offices etc. There has been a tremendous improvement in

software technology Different software applications to choose from:

word processing, spreadsheets, database management, games and entertainment.

Computer subjects are now being offered not just to college students but even to high school and elementary.

Computers are now used as an aid in teaching math, science etc.

TYPES OF COMPUTER

Types of computer

Type of computer

Digital computer

Micro Computer

Home PC

Main frame Computer

Super Computer

Mini Computer

Analog computer

Hybrid Computer

Analog computer

Analog computer measures and answer the questions by the method of “HOW MUCH”.

The input data is not a number infect a physical quantity like tem, pressure, speed, velocity.

Signals are continuous of (0 to 10 V)

Accuracy 1% Approximately

High speed

Output is continuous

Time is wasted in transmission time

Analog computer

Digital Computers

Digital computer counts and answer the questions by the method of “HOW Many”.

The input data is represented by a number. These are used for the logical and arithmetic operations.

Signals are two level of (0 V or 5 V)

Accuracy unlimited

low speed sequential as well as parallel processing

Output is continuous but obtain when computation is completed.

Micro Computer

Micro computer are the smallest computer system.

There size range from calculator to desktop size.

Its CPU is microprocessor. It also known as Grand child Computer.

Application : - personal computer, Multi user system, offices.

Mini Computer

These are also small general purpose system.

They are generally more powerful and most useful as compared to micro computer

Mini computer are also known as mid range computer or Child computer.

Application :- Departmental systems, Network Servers, work group system.

Mini computer

Main Frame Computer

Mainframe computers are those computers that offer faster processing and grater storage area.

The word “main frame” comes from the metal frames. It is also known as Father computer.

Application – Host computer, Central data base server.

Super Computer

Super computer are those computer which are designed for scientific job like whether forecasting and artificial intelligence etc.

They are fastest and expensive.

A super computer contains a number of CPU which operate in parallel to make it faster. It also known as grand father computer.

Application – whether forecasting, weapons research and development.

Super computer

Hybrid Computer

The combination of features of analog and digital computer is called Digital computer.

The main example are central national defense and passenger flight radar system.

They are also used to control robots.

Classification of Digital computer

DesktopWorkstationNotebookTablet PCHandheld computerSmart Phone

workstation

Tablet PC

Handheld PC(PDA)

Smart phone

Thank you For your attention