Computer ArchitectureLecture – 1

Computer Organization and Design (third edition) David A. Patterson John L. Hennessy

Computer Organization (fifth edition) Carl Hamacher Zvonko Vranesic Safwat Zaky

Class Lectures04/19/23 Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET

Computer Structure/ArchitectureOperation of Instruction set

ExecutionPipelining

04/19/23 Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET

Maximum three class tests : 1. One will be in very usual way 2. One will be sudden (The easiest one,

small syllabus, no memorizing, but the date is unknown to me too!!!)

3. If 60% of you(that is, 36) get 80% marks(32) in above two class tests, only then 3rd class test will be taken, which will be open material and the hardest one!!

04/19/23 Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET

From this week to 6th Week.Total class = 18 + 2 = 20 Total lecture <= 16 2+1 = 3 == ANOTHER WEEK!!! (kept in hand

unfortunately, due to the political and weather condition of Bangladesh)

Class time <= 40 minutes.

04/19/23 Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET

Definition of C.A.: The Architecture of a computer can be

defined as the design of the task-performing part of it.

It also includes the overall fundamental working1 principle of the internal logical structure2 of a computer system.

So, computer architecture includes : 1. Instruction set architecture2. Machine architecture

04/19/23 Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET

Objectives of a Computer architect: To select, design, interconnect and

engineer hardware components of various levels of computer that meet functional performance and programmability maintaining cost and availability constraint.

So, the total coordination of abstract levels of a processor under changing forces, involving design, measurement and evaluation is within the objectives of a computer architect.

04/19/23 Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET

Instruction set architecture is the attributes of a computing system as seen by the assembly language programmer or compiler.

This includes : Instruction Set (what operations can be

performed?) Instruction Format (how are instructions

specified?)04/19/23 Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET

Data storage (where is data located?) Addressing Modes (how is data

accessed?) Exceptional Conditions (what happens if

something goes wrong?)

04/19/23 Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET

Machine organization is the view of the computer that is seen by the logic designer.

This includes : Capabilities & performance characteristics

of functional units (e.g., registers, ALU, shifters, etc.).

Ways in which these components are interconnected

How information flows between components

04/19/23 Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET

Logic and means by which such information flow is controlled

Coordination of functional units Typically the machine organization is designed to meet a given instruction set architecture.

However, in order to design good instruction sets, it is important to understand the how the architecture might be implemented.

04/19/23 Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET

Functional Units : A computer consists of 3 main

functionally independent units : 1. Input/output(I/O) unit2. Memory3. Processor

The I/O unit and the processor is again sub-divided into 2 parts.

04/19/23 Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET

The 2 parts of I/O unit :1. Input2. Output

The 2 parts of processor:1. Arithmetic and Logic unit2. Control unit

So, there are main 5 functional units of a computer.

04/19/23 Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET

Functional units of a computer.

I/O Processor

Output

Memory

Input andArithmetic

logic

Control

04/19/23 Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET

Class Lecture

04/19/23 Sumaiya Iqbal, Lecturer, CSE, BUET