Near East University

Department of EngineeringDr. Dilek Karatac

English Presentation

2014 - 2015

Computer basics

Table of Contents Definition of Computer . Uses of Computer . TYPES OF COMPUTER . What is a Computer System? Computer Memory . Computer Network . Computer Games . Computer Processor . References Done By .

Starting to use a computer can feel like a visit to a foreign country – things look familiar but you can’t speak the

language. Getting to grips with computers is much easier than learning a new language. Our guides will set you on the

right path.

What is a Computer?

An electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, and can be programmed with instructions. A computer is

composed of hardware and software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and configurations.

Uses of Computer

• Computers in Daily Life• Accounts• Games• Educational• On-line banking• Smart ID cards• Supermarkets• Working from home (Tele-working)• Internet

Uses of Computer

•PC at Home• Computer games• Working from Home• Banking from Home• Connecting to the Web

• Computers in Education

Uses of Computer

• Office Applications

• Automated Production Systems

• Design Systems

• Stock Control

• Accounts / Payroll

TYPES OF COMPUTER

General Overview

Types of Computer

Type of computer

Digital computer Analog computer Hybrid Computer

Micro ComputerMain frame Computer

Super Computer

Home PC

Mini Computer

Analog computer

Analog computer measures and answer the questions by the method of “HOW MUCH”. The input data is not a number infect a physical quantity like tem, pressure, speed, velocity.• Signals are continuous of (0 to 10 V)• Accuracy 1% Approximately• High speed• Output is continuous• Time is wasted in transmission time

Digital Computers

• Desktop• Workstation• Notebook• Tablet PC• Handheld computer• Smart Phone

Micro Computer

Micro computer are the smallest computer system. There size range from calculator to desktop size. Its CPU is microprocessor. It also known as Grand child Computer.• Application : - personal computer, Multi user system, offices.

Mini Computer These are also small general purpose system. They are generally more powerful

and most useful as compared to micro computer. Mini computer are also known as mid range computer or Child computer.

E.g. EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) Systems• Application :- Departmental systems, Network Servers, work group system.

Main Frame Computer

Mainframe computers are those computers that offer faster processing and grater storage area. The word “main frame” comes from the metal frames. It is also known as Father computer.• Application – Host computer, Central data base server.

Super Computer

Super computer are those computer which are designed for scientific job like whether forecasting and artificial intelligence etc. They are fastest and expensive. A super computer contains a number of CPU which operate in parallel to make it faster. It also known as grand father computer.• Application – whether forecasting, weapons research and development.

Mainframe computers

• Large Organisations –banks, building societies, airlines, governments• May have 1000’s of terminals –geographically remote locations• Could occupy a whole site• 100’s of disk drives & hardware units• Location often kept secret! (terrorist attacks)• Largest Category of computer• Cost Millions• Mostly used by scientific and industrial research departments• NASA –government agencies• Weather Centres• Stock Exchanges• Large Commercial Organisations

Hybrid Computer

The combination of features of analog and digital computer is called Digital computer. The main example are central national defense and passenger flight radar system. They are also used to control robots.

What is a Computer System?

Computers Have Two Main Parts ( Computer Hardware, Computer Software )

Hardware & Software

• The term hardware refers to the physical components of your computer such as the system unit, mouse, keyboard, monitor etc.

• The software is the instructions that makes the computer work.

Software is held either on your computers hard disk, CD-ROM, DVD or on a diskette (floppy disk) and is loaded (i.e. copied) from the disk into the computers RAM (Random Access Memory),

as and when required.

Computer Hardware

Hardware: The internal structure of computers, The physical components (electrical circuits) that make up the computer

General Overview

Hardware Components

Input Devices "How to tell it what to do“

Output devices "How it shows you what it is doing"

Computer Input Devices

• Computer Devices that input information in the computer

ExamplesKey Board

MouseScanner

Digital Camera

INPUT DEVICES

The Mouse Joysticks

The Keyboard Speakers

Touch Pads Scanners

Computer Output Devices

• Computer Devices that output information from the computer.

ExamplesMonitorPrinter

OUTPUT DEVICES

VDU

Printers

Plotters Speech synthesizers

Software : The computer programs (sequences of instructions) that tell the computer what to do in response to a command or some

event.

Computer SoftwareGeneral Overview

What is Computer Software?

• Computer Software are programs that tell the computer what to do.

ExamplesMicrosoft Word-word processing program

Microsoft PowerPoint-presentation programMicrosoft Excel-work book program used to track, calculate, and analyze numeric

data

The only thing a computer understands is

•1

•0

Language called BINARY

Software Component

•Operating systems software

•Applications software

Languages of Programming

This a sample of codes !!!!!!!!

Computer MemoryGeneral Overview

Memory

RAM - Random Access Memory

ROM – Read Only Memory

RAM and ROM

There are two kinds of Memory• RAM –Random Access Memory (MM)

(this is used for storing programs that are currently running and data that is being processed)

• ROM –Read Only Memory

(its contents are PERMANENTLY etched into the memory chip at the manufacturing stage. It is used –for example –to load the bootstrap loader (the program that loads as soon as you start the machine)

RAM

RAM = Random Access memory• Main Memory• Stores info about applications that are open and data • VOLATILE • When you switch off the machine, it disappears!!!

ROM

ROM = Read only memory• Non-Volatile (does not change)• Programs that are necessary for the computer to run• Boot up program• Etc …

How Computer Memory Is Measured

Bit

Byte

Kilobyte

Megabyte

Gigabyte

Computer Memory Sizes

Type Sizes1 Byte 8 Bit

1 KB (KB) 1024 Bytes

1 MB 1024KB

1 GB 1024MB

1Tb 1024GB (about 1 trillion bytes)

Storage Medium and Memory

Type MemoryFloppy Disc 1.47 MB

CD-Rom 650MB

Memory Stick (standard)

256 MB

DVD Up to 4 Gig

Hard Disc 40 Gig (most of hard disc a 1 TB)

MAIN MEMORY

• The program currently being executed and the data used by the program is held in MAIN MEMORY• MM is divided into millions of individually addressable storage units called BYTES• One byte can hold one character • Or one byte can hold a code representing something –i.e. a part of a picture, or a sound, or

a program instruction.• The total number of bytes in MM = The computers MEMORY SIZE.

Storage Devices Hard disk drives (External)

USB drive (Flash Memory Cards)

Floppy disk

CD-ROM or DVD Disks

Computer NetworkGeneral Overview

Information Network

• LAN (local Area Network)

• WAN (Wide Area Network)

Uses of Network

single printer may be used by several person • In a similar way other devices such as modems orscanners can be shared.• Also used to access internet . • Even more useful is the ability to shareinformation when connected to a network.

Computer GamesGeneral Overview

Computer Games

PC games, also known as computer games or personal computer games, are video games played on a personal computer rather than a dedicated video game console or arcade machine. Their defining characteristics include a lack of any centralized controlling authority and generally greater capacity in input, processing, and output.

Computer ProcessorGeneral Overview

What is a Processor?

• Most computers use integrated chips….or integrated circuits for their processors or main memory• A chip is about 1cm square…and can hold MILLIONS of electronic components such as

transistors and resistors• CPU of a microcomputer is a microprocessor• Processor and MAIN MEMORY of a PC are held on a single board called a motherboard.

Processor

Brain of the computer• Processes instructions THREE STEPS1) Fetches Instructions2) Decodes Instruction3) Executes Instruction

PROCESSORS

• Either chips or integrated circuits

• Integrated circuits are also found in almost every modern electrical device such as cars, television sets, CD players, cellular phones, etc.

Types of Processors

Companies that Develop Computer

References http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Computers_for_Beginners/The_Basics http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/1 http://www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/topics/your-computer/computer-basics http://digitalunite.com/guides/computer-basics http://www.jegsworks.com/lessons/ComputerBasics/lessointro.tm https://www.ctdlc.org/remediation/indexComputer.html http://alison.com/learn/Computer-Basics http://spclc.org/curricula-resources/computer-curriculum

Done By Mohammad El-Musleh

20144708Software Engineering

Hani Odeh20144559

Computer Engineering