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Computer Basics
Introduction to Computer Objectives
After completing this session, you will be able to:
• Identify the main parts of a computer.
• Identify the steps for starting a computer.
• Identify the different groups of keys on a keyboard.
• Perform different tasks by using a mouse.
What is a Computer?
An electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a
variable program.
Types of computer
Analog computer
Digital Computers
Digital computer counts and answer the questions by the method of “HOW Many”. The input data is represented by a number. These are used for the logical and arithmetic operations.
• Signals are two level of (0 V or 5 V)• Accuracy unlimited• low speed sequential as well as parallel processing• Output is continuous but obtain when computation is
completed.
Micro Computer
Micro computer are the smallest computer system. There size range from calculator to desktop size. Its CPU is microprocessor. It also known as Grand child Computer.
• Application : - personal computer, Multi user system, offices.
Mini Computer
These are also small general purpose system. They are generally more powerful and most useful as compared to micro computer. Mini computer are also known as mid range computer or Child computer.
• Application :- Departmental systems, Network Servers, work group system.
Mini computer
Main Frame Computer
Mainframe computers are those computers that offer faster processing and grater storage area. The word “main frame” comes from the metal frames. It is also known as Father computer.
• Application – Host computer, Central data base server.
Super Computer
• Super computer are those computer which are designed for scientific job like whether forecasting and artificial intelligence etc. They are fastest and expensive. A super computer contains a number of CPU which operate in parallel to make it faster. It also known as grand father computer.
• Application – whether forecasting, weapons research and development.
Super computer
Classification of Digital computer
• Desktop• Workstation• Notebook• Tablet PC• Handheld computer• Smart Phone
workstation
Tablet PC
Handheld PC(PDA)
Smart phone
Parts of a Computer
1. Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, etc.)
2. Output Devices (Monitor, Speakers, etc.)
3. Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory
4. Motherboard (Circuit Board)
5. Expansion Cards (Video Card, Sound Card, or NIC)
6. Hard Drive Ports and Connections (USB, Firewire, etc.)
Parts of a Computer Input Devices
• Mouse
• Keyboard
• Microphone
• Scanner
• Webcam
Input Devices
20
Input Devices
• Other input for mobile devices
21
Parts of a Computer Output Devices
• Monitor
• Printer
• Speaker/Headphone
Parts of a Computer Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• A device that interprets and runs the commands that you give to the computer.
• Also referred to as the processor.
• Two major brands are Intel and AMD.
• Examples: Intel Core 2 Duo, AMD Turion X2
Parts of a Computer Memory
• Memory is where information is stored and retrieved by the CPU.
• There are two main types of memory:– Random Access Memory (RAM): It is the main
memory and allows you to temporarily store commands and data.
– Read Only Memory (ROM): It is the memory that retains its contents even after the computer is turned off.
Storage Devices
• A storage device is the computer hardware that records and/or retrieves items to and from storage media
• A hard disk is a storage device that contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information– Sectors– Tracks
25
Storage Devices
26
Storage Devices
• An external hard disk is a separate freestanding hard disk that connects with a cable to a port on the system unit or communicates wirelessly
• A removable hard disk is a hard disk that you insert and remove from a drive
27
Storage Devices
• Flash memory is a type of memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten– Solid state media– A solid state drive (SSD) is a storage device that typically
uses flash memory to store data, instructions, and information
28
Storage Devices• A memory card is a removable
flash memory device, usually no bigger than 1.5 inches in height or width, that you insert and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card reader/writer
29
Storage Devices• A USB flash drive, sometimes
called a thumb drive, is a flash memory storage device that plugs into a USB port on a computer or mobile device
• An ExpressCard module is a removable device mobile device that fits in an ExpressCard slot
30
Storage Devices• An optical disc is a flat,
round, portable metal disc with a plastic coating
31
Communications Devices
• A communications device is a hardware component that enables a computer to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices– Transmission media
32
Parts of a Computer Motherboard
o Is the main circuit board inside the computer.
o Has tiny electronic circuits and other components on it.
o Connects input, output, and processing devices together (CPU, Memory, Hard Drive, DVD Drive)
o Tells the CPU how to run.
Parts of a Computer Expansion Cards
• Video Card – is connected to the computer monitor and is used to display information on the monitor.
• Network Interface Card (NIC) – is connected to other computers so that information can be exchanged between them.
• Sound Card– converts audio signals (microphone or audio tape) which can be stored as a computer audio file.
Parts of a Computer Ports and Connections
• Universal Serial Bus (USB) Port
• FireWire (similar to USB but faster)
• Network Port (Ethernet)
• Parallel Port and Serial Port
• Display Adapter
• Power
Using a Computer
• To turn on a computer, press the power button on the system unit.
• Log on to the operating system by your user name and password.
• Computers allow you to create, modify, and save files.
• To shut down a computer, click Start, and then, at the bottom of the Start menu, click Shut Down.
Using a Keyboard
Using a Mouse
• A mouse is a small device that you can use to move, select, and open items displayed on your monitor.
• Most mouse devices have at least two buttons, left and right.
• Mouse’s action:o Pointo Double Clicko Left Clicko Right Clicko Click-and-Drag or Drag-and-Drop
Using a Mouse (cont.)
Different types of mouse devices available in the market:
o Regular mouse
o Trackball mouse
o Optical mouse
Questions
Common Computer TerminologyObjectives
• Identify the primary hardware components of a computer.
• Define an operating system and its role.
• Define the term program.
• Explain what is meant by data.
• Define the term network, and identify the benefits of networking.
• Define the term Internet.
Hardware
• Refers to all the physical components of a computer.
• Includes all input devices, processing devices, storage devices, and output devices.
• Examples of hardware are:o keyboardo mouseo motherboardo monitoro hard disko cableso printer
Operating Systems
• Is the most important software on the computer
• Controls and manages the hardware connected to your computer
• Provides an interface that helps you to interact with the computer
• Ensures that your computer is functioning properly
• Windows XP is an example of the operation system.
• Can be either text-based or graphics-based.
• Graphics-based operating system help you install hardware or software with easy-to-use interface.
Programs
o The hardware and the operating system together are referred to as a platform.
o Programs, also called applications, use this platform to perform tasks.
o There are many types of programs:
o Some programs allow you to perform tasks such as writing letters, doing calculations, or sending e-mail messages.
o Other programs allow you to create illustrations, play games, watch movies, or communicate with other computer users.
Data
o Programs process data that you provide as input to your computer.
o Data can be in the form of text, graphics, audio, or video depending on the type of program.
o Program processes the data and displays the output on the screen.
o You can save this output in a file.
o The file can be an audio file, a text file, a graphics file, or a video file.
Networks
• Is a group of computers and associated devices that are linked together to facilitate sharing information.
• Can also be used to share data and devices such as printers.
• A typical network has the following three components:
o Servero Workstationo Communication channel
NetworksLAN
• Connects devices within a limited area (home or a small group of offices)
• Commonly includes computers and shared resources (printers and scanners)
Networks WAN
• Is a network that connects devices in geographically separated areas.
• Is used to connect networks across different countries.
• The Internet is an example of a WAN.
Internet
• Internet is a worldwide collection of public networks that are linked to each other for information exchange.
• Internet offers a range of services to its users (file transfers between Internet users and electronic mail)
• The World Wide Web (WWW), or the Web, is another service that the Internet provides.
• An intranet is similar to the Web but is accessible only to authorized users of the organization.
Questions
APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS TO
SOCIETY
COMPUTERS IN BUSINESS
BANK
Automatic Teller Machine
COMPUTERS IN ENGINEERING
Engineer’s doing their work
COMPUTERS IN THE GOVERNMENT
Hospital
COMPUTERS AT HOME
COMPUTERS IN MANUFACTURING
COMPUTERS IN SCHOOL
COMPUTERS IN SCIENCE
Robotics
3D Movies
3D Animatio
n
Importance of Computers
Personal and Home Uses
• Computers allow people with disabilities to do normal activities– Shopping online– Playing games with
other people– Work from home
Business Uses
• Computers allow companies to keep large amounts of information at hand– Databases
• Makes ordering and tracking resources quicker and easier
• Allows people to have meetings from different locations
Educational Uses
• The Internet allows access to hundreds of online research materials
• Allows colleagues to correspond quickly about ongoing research
Communication Uses
• Computers allow people across the world to communicate easily
Introduction to windows operating system
79
What is operating system?Interface between
hardware and user.Handle technical details
without user intervention.A Collection of programs
Operating systemSystems softwareKernelUtilitiesDevice driversLanguage translators
CMPF112 Computing Skills for Engineers 80
What is operating system?
• Responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of a computer
• Acts as a host for computing applications run on the machine.
• Determines which applications should run in what order and how much time should be allowed for each application before giving another application a turn (in multitasking OS).
81
What is operating system?
• Handle the resource allocation and access protection of the hardware.
• Relieves the application programmers from having to manage these details.
82
Kernel
• Is the central component of most computer operating systems; it is a bridge between applications and the actual data processing done at the hardware level.
• Responsibilities include managing the system's resources (the communication between hardware and software components).
83
Function of OS
• It handles input and output process• It sends messages to each application or
interactive user about the status of operation and any errors
• It can off load the management of what are called batch jobs so that the initiating application is freed from this work (i.e. print spool)
• It can manage how to divide the program (in parallel processing) 84
Categories of operating System
• Embedded OS– Used in handheld computers, Stored within device in
Read-Only Memory (ROM)– Windows CE, Palm OS
• Network OS – Controls and coordinates linked computers (Network)– Novell NetWare, Windows NT Server, UNIX
• Stand-alone Desktop/ Personal Computer OS– Controls a single desktop or laptop computer– Client operating system– MS-DOS, Windows 2000, XP, Mac OS X, Linux
CMPF112 Computing Skills for Engineers 85
MS-DOS
• Uses a command-line interface• Screen provides prompts for user• User types commands• Largely replaced by graphical user
interfaces• Not user-friendly
86
Microsoft Windows
Most popular OS for microcomputers
Designed for Intel processorsActive Desktop
Graphical user interface (GUI) to OSWindows XP, Windows 2003,
VistaWindows CE
Embedded Compact for minimalistic computers and
embedded systems WinCE
Series of software operating systems and graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft
CMPF112 Computing Skills for Engineers
Apple Mac OSSeries of graphical user
interface-based operating systems.
Runs on Macintosh computers
Designed for PowerPC microprocessors
OS X Latest version OScompatible with both PowerPC
and Intel processors through version 10.5 ("Leopard").
First commercially successful GUI
Has served as the model for Windows and other GUI products developed since then.
88
UNIX
• Originally ran on mainframe and minicomputers
• Used for large servers on the Web
• Popular alternative to Windows
• Several versions available– Solaris 8– Linux
89
Windows 7 & Windows 8
• Window 7 • Windows 8
90
Windows features
• Long file names (up to 255 characters)
• Plug and Play• Makes installing
hardware components easier
• Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)– Allows user to embed or
link one document to another Word
Document
Excel Data
91
Windows Family
• Windows 98• Windows Millennium Edition (ME)• Corporate Market• Windows NT (“New technology”)
– Windows 2000– Windows 2003
• Windows XP• Windows CE• Windows VISTA• Windows 7• Windows 8• Windows 10 92
Objectives
• Understand the desktop• Manage windows• Identify Windows accessories• Work with security settings and software• Perform a search• Get help
93
Windows 7 Desktop
94
• Operating system• Desktop• Taskbar• Window• Icon
Desktop
Taskbar
Icons
Start button
Adding Gadgets
95
Online gadgets
Gadgets
The Taskbar
96
Program icons
Excel
Word
Aero Peek
97
Program icon with three Word documents shown
Preview
The Start Menu
98
Programs
Control Panel
System folders
Help and Support
All Programs
Shut downSearch box
Start button
The Toolbar
99
Address toolbarRight-click on taskbarto see the toolbars
Pinning an Application
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 100
Jump List (iTunes)
Pinned programs Currently open program (iTunes)
The Notification Area
101
Notification area
Pop-up window
Action Center icon
Open Action Center link
Customize the Desktop
102
Screen SaverWindow ColorDesktop Background
Themes
Window Components
103
Scroll bar
Minimize window Maximize window Close windowTitle bar
Window Components (continued)
104
Aero Flip 3D
105
Cascade windows
Window Components (continued)
Showing the Desktop
106
Show desktopbutton
Three documents (transparent) in Aero Peek
Dialog Boxes
107
Check box
Option button
Text boxSpin arrow
List box
Command button
Windows Accessories
108
Notepad
WordPad
Windows Accessories (continued)
109
Click here to open a picture
Ribbon
Windows Accessories (continued)
110
Standard view
Programmer view
Scientific view
Statistics view
Windows Accessories (continued)
111
Sticky notes
Windows Accessories (continued)
112
Screen clip
Annotationtools
Save Snip button
Security Settings and Software
• Action Center• Windows Defender• User Account Control
• Windows Update• Windows Firewall• Parental Controls
113
Action Center
114
Important alert
Suggested tasks
Buttons
Windows Defender
115
User Account Control
116
Click and dragthis tab to adjust UAC level
Windows Update
117
Select level of update
Windows Firewall
118
Click here to turnfirewall off or on
Parental Controls
119
Windows Search
120
Search bar onStart menu
Search box inthe window
Expand or Narrow a Search
121
Expand a search here Narrow a search here Search keyword
Save a Search
122
Savedsearch
Help and Support
123
Browse helpPrintHelp and Support home
Browse topics
Learn about other support options
Options
Remote Access
124
Windows Remote Assistance link
Summary
• Windows 7 enables you to access your system resources, work with software, and manage files and folders.
• In addition, security issues and maintenance activities are monitored and reported so you can keep your computer in good working order.
125
Questions
126