“Computer, end program”

Making virtual worlds possible

Sameer Verma, Ph.D.Professor, Information Systems DepartmentCollege of Business, San Francisco State UniversitySan Francisco, CA 94132 USAhttp://verma.sfsu.edu/ sverma@sfsu.edu

Unless noted otherwise

Holodeck on StarTrek Enterprise TNG

Holodeck

● Star Trek: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodeck

● A simulated reality, where 3D worlds could be simulated with force fields and projections.

● Load, run, freeze and store programs.

Final scene of Star Trek: Enterprise

http://youtu.be/pXotJu1CapU

As it was in the beginning

● Mainframe virtualization.● IBM's CP-40 research system in 1967.● Compartmentalize large processing

capabilities.● Run processes separately.● Lease “slices” to different customers.

Too many servers?

● Data center challenges● One physical server for one application

– Web

– Storage

– Authentication

– Network

Power, Cooling, Bandwidth...

= 4

Rise of Apache

● Apache VirtualHost.● Multiple virtual web hosts in each physical

server.● Led to the adoption of Apache in server

rooms.● Eventually led to Linux to run these websites.● Still one underlying OS.

Single point of failure?

Hypervisor

This is not a hypervisor

...although it is a VISOR http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geordi_La_Forge#VISOR

http://startrek.asatem.cz/storage/laforge_geordi01.jpg

Hypervisor

hypervisor

operating system operating system operating system

hardware

Type 1: Bare Metal (example: kvm)

apps appsapps apps apps apps apps

Hypervisor

hardware

hypervisor

operating system (guest) operating system operating system

operating system (host)

Type 2: Hosted (example: virtualbox)

apps apps apps apps apps appsapps

Paravirtualization

hardware

hypervisor

operating system (modified)

operating system (host)

apps appsapps

com

mon

Example: Linux Container (LXC)

Cloud

memegenerator.net

Public and Private clouds

Public Private

Hybrid clouds

Public Private

+

Hypervisors galore!

Hypervisors (xen, kvm, vmware, hyper-v, virtualbox, ...)

https://www.openstack.org/software/

Start local, go global.

http://virtualbox.org

Moving up to the cloud

*aaS

● Software as a Service (SaaS)– Salesforce.com, GoogleDocs

● Platform as a Service (PaaS)– Google App Engine, Heroku, OpenShift

● Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)– OpenStack, Eucalyptus, CloudStack

● Metal as a Service (MaaS)– Ubuntu MaaS

Orchestration

https://juju.ubuntu.com/

Juju + charms

Juju

charms

Cloud computing