Computer Hardware

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1. Introduction to computers

i. Evolution of the computer

ii. Types of computers

2. Computer parts & components

i. Overview of the computer system

ii. System unit

iii. Peripherals

iv. Input devices

v. Output devices

vi. Storage devices

3. Basic Maintenance

i. Handling input and output devices

ii. Computer settings

4. Technology development

i. Current development of hardware technology

Introduction tocomputer

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Computer parts &components

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Technologydevelopment

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1. Evolution of the Computeri. Computer history

2. Types of Computeri. Super computer

ii. Mainframe

iii. Mini computer

iv. Micro computer

v. Work station

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Pigeon

MorseCode

Cordlessphone

Internet

MobilePhone

PDA

Network


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Computer Hardware

Mark 1 was invented in Harvard University. The firstcomputer which is slow, expensive and unreliable. It usesmechanical switches1941

Charles Babbage invented mechanical calculatormachine.1823Joseph Marie Jacquard invented weaving loom (usingpunch card technology)1801Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz invented Leibniz’s Rechner(which use first binary mathematic calculating machine)1673Blaise Pascal invented Pascaline1653John Napier invented Napier’s Bone (Multiplication tablecarves on bones)1620Egyptian Abacus500 BCChinese Abacus (First counting machine)200 BC

InventionYearIntroduction to

computer

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Computer Hardware

Generation (1940-1956)

Ø Huge , slow, expensive, often a reliable

1. 1946• Presper Eckert and William mauchly

build the ENIAC (Electronic NumericalIntegrator And Computer)

• use vacuum tubes instead ofmechanical switches of MARK 1

2. 1951• built the UNIVAC (Universal Automatic

Computer)• Which could calculate at the rate of 10

000 addition per second.


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Computer Hardware

Generation

Ø Technologies

• Vacuum tubeIn a computer a vacuum tube which is an

electronic tube about the size of lightbulbs, was used as the internalcomputer components.

• Punch cardPunch card was used to store data

• Magnetic tapeMagnetic tape was introduced in 1957. It

was faster & more compact method ofstoring data.


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Generation

Ø Problem

1. The vacuum tubes generated a great deal ofheat causing many problems in the temperatureregulation and climate control.

2. The tube also burnt out frequently.

3. People operating the computer did not know thatthe problem was in the programming machine


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Computer Hardware

Generation (1956-1963)

Inventor

1. John Bardeen

2. Walter Houser Brattain

3. William Shockley


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Computer Hardware

Generation

Ø Technologies

Transistors

• The creations of transistor were spot theproduction a wave of second generation

computers.

• Transistors were small devices use to transferelectronic signals across the resistor


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Generation

Ø Advantages

1. Transistors were smaller than vacuum tubes

2. They needed no warm up time

3. Consumed less energy

4. Generated much less heat

5. Faster and more reliable


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Generation(1964-1971)

1964

1. IBM370 series were introduced in; itcame in several models and sizes.

2. It was used for business and scientificprograms.

3. Other computers models introducedwere CDC7600 and B2500


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Computer Hardware


Ø Technologies

Silicone Chip

• Silicone chips were manufactured in 1961 at thesilicone valley

• Then came the integrated circuit technology,which had reduced the size and cost ofcomputers

• Other than that, the magnetic Core Memory wasreplaced by a device called the microchip


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Ø Advantages

1. Silicone chips were reliable, compact andcheaper

2. Sold hardware and software separately whichcreated the software industry

3. Customer service industry flourished(reservation and credit checks)


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Generation(1971-present)

1. 1971Ø Intel created the first microprocessor.

2. 1976Ø Steve Jobs built the first apple computer.

3. 1981Ø IBM introduced its first personalcomputer.

4. Steve jobs- Apple Macintosh

5. Bill gate-Microsoft

6. Michael dell -Dell


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1. Silicone chip

2. Microprocessorü a specialised chip developed for

computer memory and logicü it is a large-scale integrated circuit which

contained thousands of transistorsü The transistors on this one chip are

capable of performing all of the functionsof a computer’s central processing unit.

3. Storage devices

Ø TechnologiesIntroduction tocomputer

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Ø TechnologiesIntroduction tocomputer

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1. Computers become 100 times smaller thanENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrate andComputer) the first computer.

2. Gain in sped, reliability and storage capacity.

3. Personal and software industry boomed

Ø AdvantagesIntroduction tocomputer

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Computer Hardware

Generation (present-beyond)

INVENTION

• Super Computer• Mainframe computer• Mini computer• Personal Computer• Mobile Computer• Expert computer

Ø The fifth generation computertechnologically advance & are still beingdevelop to become more efficient


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Generation(present-beyond)

Ø Super ComputerIntroduction to

computer

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Ø Mainframe computerIntroduction to

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Ø Mini computerIntroduction to

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Ø Personal computerIntroduction to

computer

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Ø Mobile computerIntroduction to

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Ø Expert systemIntroduction to

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Ø Super Computer

• Fastest, most powerful, most expensive.

• Used in applications such as sending astronautsinto space, testing safety and aerodynamic featureson cars and aircraft, controlling missile guidancesystems, and weather forecasting which requiredextreme accuracy and immense speed to performthe complex calculation.


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Ø Mainframe computer

• Large, expensive, powerful computer thatcan handle hundreds or thousands ofconnected user simultaneously.

• Use in large organization to handle highvolume processing of businesstransactions and routine paperwork


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Ø Mini computer

• medium size computer• Usually used as servers, with several

PCs or other devices networked toaccess the midrange computer’sresources.


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Ø Microcomputer

• generally synonymous with personalcomputer (PC), or a computer thatdepends on a microprocessor.

• Microcomputers are designed to be usedby individuals, whether in the form ofPCs, workstations or notebookcomputers.


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Personal Computer Laptop

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Computer Hardware

Ø Workstation

• any computer connected to a local-areanetwork. It could be a workstation or apersonal computer


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Computer Hardware

1. Identify main components in the computersystem

• Monitor

• Keyboard

• Speaker

• Mouse

• System unit

• Printer

2. State the functions of the main components inthe computer system

3. Explain briefly the data processing cycle of acomputer system

• Input

• Process

• Output

• Storage

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Main component in component system

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1. MONITOR

LCD SVGA

An output device that can be used to display text.

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2. Keyboard

To enter data into a computer

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3. Speaker

A device that converts analog audio signals into theequivalent air vibrations in order to make audible

sound.

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4. Mouse

A device that controls the movement of the cursor orpointer on a display screen.

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5. Printer

Device that produce text and graphics on paper

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6. System unit

The system unit is a case that contains electroniccomponents of the computer used to process data

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6. System unitComponent• Motherboard

• CPU

• Memory

• Bus

• Expansion Slots

• Ports and Connectors

• Bay

• Power Supply

• Sound Component

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6. System unit

The motherboard is the main circuit board of amicrocomputer. It is also known as the mainboard orsystem board.

a. Motherboard

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6. System unit

The CPU is the central electronic chip thatdetermines the processing power of the computer.

b. CPU (Central ProcessingUnit)

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6. System unit

Memory is the part of the computer that temporarilystores applications, documents, and stem operatinginformation.

c. Memory

Read Only Memory(ROM)

Random AccessMemory (RAM)

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6. System unit

A bus is an electronic line that allows 1s and 0s tomove from one place to another.

d. Bus

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6. System unit

expansions slots appear on the motherboard. Theyare sockets into which adapters are connected.

e. Expansion Slots

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6. System unit

A port is a connector located on the motherboard oron a separate adapter.

f. Ports and connectors

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6. System unit

A bay is a space inside the computer case where ahard drive, floppy drive or CD-ROM drive sits

g. Bay

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6. System unit

A power supply changes normal householdelectricity into electricity that a computer can use.

h. Power Supply

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6. System unit

A sound card lets a computer play and record highquality sound.

i. Sound Component

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Data processing cycle

Conversion of data into a form that can be processedby computer

Input Processor Output

Storage

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1. Identify the components of a system unit.

• Input/output port (I/O port)

• Reset button

• CDROM drive

• Floppy drive

• Hard disk drive

2. State the functions of the main components of asystem unit.

3. State the functions of CPU, RAM, ROM andexpansion slots found on the motherboard

4. Inculcate values of responsibility andcooperation among the pupils

System Unit

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System unit

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System unit

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System unit

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System unit

1. Box-like case that contains computer’selectronic components

2. Sometimes called the chassis

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System unit

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System unit : Front layer of a system unit

DVD-ROM drive

CD-ROM/CD-RWdrive

Zip drive

Empty drive bay

Floppy disk drive

Power button

Reset button

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System unit : Input / Output port ( I/O port )

Power Port

Keyboard

USB

Serial Port

Monitor

Game Port

Network

Telephoneline in

Svideo out

Mouse

USB

Printer(Parallelport)

Speaker

Microphone

Telephoneline out

FM reception

Cable TV

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• A port is the point at which aperipheral attaches to a system unitso that the peripheral is able to senddata and receive information from thecomputer.

• An external device, such as akeyboard, monitor, printer, mouse andmicrophone, that is attached by acable to a port on the system unit.

Functions of the main components of a system unit

1. Input / Output port (I/O port)

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2. Power Button

ØTo turn the computer on


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3. Reset Button

ØRestating thecomputer, instructs thecomputer to go throughthe process of shuttingdown, which would clearthe memory and resetdevices to their initializedstate. It simply removespower immediately.


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4. Motherboard

ØMain circuit board of thesystem unit, it has someelectronic componentsattached to it.


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5. Power Supply

ØConverts standardelectrical power into aform that, the computercan use. If a power supplyis not providing thenecessary power, thecomputer will not functionproperly.


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6. DVD-ROM drive

ØA device that reads DVD-ROM, audio CDs, CD-ROMSs, CD-Rs and CD-RWs


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7. CD-ROM drive

ØA device that reads audioCDs, CD-ROMs, CD-Rsand CD-RWs


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8. DVD/CD-RW drive

ØA combination drive thatreads DVD and CDmedia, and writes to CD-RW media.


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9. Zip drive

ØA high-capacity diskdrive that reads from andwrites on a Zip disk


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10. Floppy drive

ØA device that reads fromand writes on a floppydisk


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11. Hard disk drive

ØA Type of storage devicethat contains one ormore inflexible, circularplatters that store data,instructions andinformation.


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For RAM

Expansionslots

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1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• A Central Processing Unit orCPU is a microprocessor(processor for short).

• A CPU interprets instructionsgiven by the software andcarries out those instructionsby processing data andcontrolling the rest of thecomputer’s component.

Functions of the components of the motherboard

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2. Random Access Memory (RAM)

Ø RAM is installed inside computers. RAM is also knownas a working memory.

Ø A computer uses RAM to hold temporaryinstructions and data needed to complete tasks.This enables the computer's CPU (CentralProcessing Unit) to access instructions and datastored in the memory very quickly.

Ø RAM stores data during and after processing.


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3. Read Only Memory (ROM)

Ø ROM is non-volatile. It holds the programs and datawhen the computer is powered off.

Ø Programmes in ROM have been pre-recorded. It canonly be stored by the manufacturer; once it is done, itcannot be changed.

Ø All the contents in ROM can be accessed and read butcannot be changed.


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Read Only Memory (ROM)

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4. Expansion Slots

Expansion slots are thesockets where the circuitboards or the adaptercards can be inserted intothe motherboard, such asvideo acceleration, sound ordisk drive control.


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Computer Hardware

1. State the definition of peripheral

2. Identify different types of peripheral:

Ø Input devices

Ø Output devices

Ø Storage device

3. State examples of different types of peripherals:

Ø Printers

Ø Scanners

Ø LCD projectors

Ø Digital cameras

Ø External CD drivers

Ø External storages

4. Explain the functions of each peripheral

Peripherals

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Peripherals

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Peripherals

1. Definition

Ø are pieces of computer hardware that areadded to a host computer, i.e. anyhardware except the computer, in order toexpand its abilities. Most of those devicesare optional in nature.

2. External hardware devices attached to thecomputer are called peripheral equipments.

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Peripherals

Types ofperipheral Input Devices

Output Devices

Storage Devices

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Peripherals

1. Input Devices

Input devices are any electronic device that areconnected to a computer and produces input signals.

Keyboard

Mouse

Microphone

Scanner

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Peripherals

2. Output Devices

Output devices are the result of data processingactivity when it is presented externally to the system. Itis a hardware that is capable of delivering or showing

information to one or more users

MonitorPrinter

LCD Projector

Speaker

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Peripherals

3. Storage Devices

Computer storage is the holding of data in anelectromagnetic form, for access by a computer

processor.

Hard Disk Thumb Drivers

Diskettes & CDs

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Peripherals

The different types of peripherals:The different types of peripherals:

1. Printers

2. Scanners

3. LCD projectors

4. Digital cameras

5. External CD drivers

6. External storages

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Peripherals

1. Printer

A printer is an output device to print text or graphics onmediums such as paper, transparency film or even

cloths.

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Peripherals

1. Printer

A photo printer is a colour printer that produces photo-quality pictures.

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Peripherals

1. Printer

Type of printer that employs movable print heads withpins or wires that shoot and strike the ribbon placing adot on the paper with hundreds of dots forming imagesor text.

DOT Matrix Printer

Printer developed by Canon which forms letters andimages on the paper by spraying small streams ofquick-drying ink. The ink is stored in a disposable inkcartridge.

Inkjet Printer

Laser printers are Printer that uses laser technology toprint images on the paper. The laser recreates theimage on a negatively charged drum which will thencollect ink that is positively charged to attract to theareas of the image. The Paper is then negativelycharged therefore the positively charged ink is attractedto the paper and then is fused onto the paper. See laserprinter printing steps for step by step procedure of laserprinters.

Laser Printer

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Peripherals

1. Printer

These printers use a pen to draw the imageon the paper. Usually, plotters are FrictionFeed but occasionally can be Tractor Feed aswell.

Plotters

A printer that uses heated pins to "burn"images onto heat-sensitive paper. The pinsare electrically heated and brought intocontact with the specially treated papereasily, instead of with great impact. Thecoating on the paper discolors when heatedin this way. These printers, used incalculators and many fax machines, areinexpensive, but produce low-quality, lowresolution print. They are however, quiet andfast as they print.

Thermal printer

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Peripherals

2. Scanners

A scanner is a device that analyzes images, printedtext, handwriting, or objects (such as an ornament) and

changes it into a digital image.

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Peripherals

2. Scanners : Flatbed scanner

This type of scanner provides a flat glass surface ontowhich the original is placed. The illumination and

sensing elements move under the glass to scan theimage. Flatbed scanners are available in a wide rangeof sizes, prices, and capabilities. Some flatbeds offer a

transparency scanning adapter as an option.

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Peripherals

2. Scanners : Bar code scanner

The bar code scanner consists of a scanner, adecoder, and a cable that interfaces between the

decoder to the computer or terminal.

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Peripherals

2. Scanners : Handheld scanners

The handheld scanners has a maximum resolution of600 dpi and can be quite difficult to use. Their main

drawback is the limited scanning area and, whilst theyare handy for scanning small images and narrow

columns of text and changes it into a digital image.

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Peripherals

2. Scanners : Sheet Fed Scanner

The Sheet Fed Scanner designed to scan individualsheets of paper automatically in much the same way

as a fax machine.

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Peripherals

3. LCD Projector

LCD projector is a type of video projector fordisplaying video, images or computer data on a screen

or other flat surface such as on to a wall or screen.

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Peripherals

4. Digital cameras

Digital cameras are electronic devices used to captureand store photographs digitally. They use memory cardinstead of photographic film like conventional camerasor recording images in an analog format to magnetic

tape like many video cameras.

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Peripherals

5. External CD Drives

The external DVD/CD-RW combo drive functions as aDVD player, a CD-RW drive and a CD-ROM drive.

This allows you to install computer applications, files,music and movies on CD. It is easy to be carried

around.

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Peripherals

6. External Storages

External storage is an alternative storage. It is veryuseful to store programs and data for future use.The storage is required for two reasons:

1. The working memory of the CPU is limited in sizeand cannot always hold the amount of datarequired.

2. Data and programmers in storage do notdisappear when the power is turned off.

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Peripherals

6. External Storages

Hard disk Diskette Thumb drive CD-Rom

Zip disk Flash Memory Memory Stick Smart Chip

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1. Identify input devices

2.List input devices

3.State the respectivefunctions of input devices

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Input Devices

1. Definition

Ø Input devices are electronic devicesconnected to a computer that produce inputsignals. Below are some of the examplesof input devices.

Keyboard

Mouse

MicrophoneScanner

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Types ofInput

Devices

Input Devicesfor Texts

Input Devicesfor Graphics

Input Devicesfor Audio

Input Devices

Input Devicesfor Video

PointingDevices

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1. Input Devices for Texts

Input devices for text is used to enter information intothe computer by pressing the keys on a keyboard,

virtual keyboard on the screen, Optical reader or BarCode reader.

Input Devices

Keyboard

VirtualKeyboard

Opticalreader

Bar codereader

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2. Input Devices for Graphics

Input devices for graphics are used to capture images

Input Devices

DigitalCamera

Scanner

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3. Input Devices for Audio

Audio input is the speech, music and sound effectsentered into the computer. This can be done usinginput devices such as a microphone and digital musicalinstruments like the Musical Instrument Digital Interface(MIDI) keyboard.

Input Devices

Microphone

Midi keyboard

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4. Input Devices for Video

Video input are motion images captured into thecomputer by special input devices.

Input Devices

cctv camera Digital VideoCamera

Webcam

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5. Pointing Devices

1. Pointing devices such as a mouse, trackball,graphics tablet and touch screen are used to inputspatial data into the computer.

2. Spatial data refers to data that is continuous andmulti-dimensional.

Input Devices

Mouse

Trackball Graphic tabletTouch

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1. Identify output devices

2.List output devices

3.State the respectivefunctions of output devices

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Output Devices

1. Definition

Ø An output device is hardware that iscapable of delivering or showinginformation to one or more users. An outputdevice shows, prints and presents theresults of a computer’s work.

Printer

LCD Projector

SpeakerMonitor

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Types of OutputDevice

Monitor

Audio

Printer

Output Devices

Other outputdevices

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1. Monitor

A display device is an output device that visuallyconveys texts, graphics and video information.

Output Devices

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2. Printer

A printer is an output device that can be used to printtext, apart from graphics, on mediums such as paper,

transparency film or even cloths.

Output Devices

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3. Audio

An audio output device produces music, speech orother sounds.

Output Devices

Headphone

Speaker

Woofer

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4. Other output devices

Other output devices include Liquid Crystal Display(LCD) projectors and facsimile (fax) machines. A LiquidCrystal Display (LCD) projector uses its own lightsource to project what is displayed on the computer ona wall or projection screen. A digital light processing(DLP) projector uses tiny mirrors to reflect light whichcan be seen clearly in a well-lit room.

Output Devices

LCDFacsimile

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1. Identify storage devices

2. List storage devices

3. State the functions of storage devices

4. Identify differences between primary andsecondary storage devices

5. State the units for data measurement:

• Bit

• Byte

• Kilobyte

• Megabyte

• Gigabyte

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Storage Devices

1. Definition

Ø Computer storage holds of data in anelectromagnetic form to be accessed by acomputer processor.

2. Information and documents are stored in acomputer storage so that it can be retrievedwhenever they are needed later on.

Hard disk Diskette Pendrive CD-Rom

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Types of StorageDevice

Primarystorage

Secondarystorage

Storage Devices

Random-AccessMemory (RAM)

Read-Only Memory(ROM)

Magnetic Medium

Optical Medium

Flash Memory

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1. Primary Devices

Primary storage is the main memory in a computer. Itstores data and programs that can be accessed

directly by the processor.

Storage Devices


Read Only Memory(RAM)

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Types of PrimaryDevice

Random-AccessMemory(RAM)

Read-OnlyMemory(ROM)

Storage Devices

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Storage Devices

a) Random-Access Memory (RAM)

• RAM is installed inside computers. RAM is also known asa working memory.

• The data in RAM can be read (retrieved) or written(stored).

• RAM is volatile which means the programs and data inRAM are lost when the computer is powered off.

• A computer uses RAM to hold temporary instructions anddata needed to complete tasks. This enables thecomputer CPU (Central Processing Unit) to accessinstructions and data stored in the memory very quickly.

• RAM stores data during and after processing.

Primary Device

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Storage Devices

b) Read-Only Memory (ROM)

• ROM is another type of memory permanently storedinside the computer.

• ROM is non-volatile. It holds the programs and datawhen the computer is powered off.

• Programs in ROM have been pre-recorded. It can onlybe stored by the manufacturer once done, it cannot bechanged.

• It has complex functions such as start up operatinginstructions, translators for high-level languages andoperating systems are placed in ROM memory.

• All the contents in ROM can be accessed and read butcannot be changed.

Primary Device

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2. Secondary Devices

1. Secondary storage is another alternative storage tokeep your work and documents. It is very useful tostore programs and data for future use.

2. It is non-volatile, which means that it does not needpower to maintain the information stored in it. It willstore the information until it is erased.

Storage Devices

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Types of SecondaryDevices Magnetic

Medium

Optical Medium

Flash Memory

Storage Devices

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Storage Devices

a) Magnetic Medium

• Magnetic Medium is a non-volatile storagemedium. It can be any type of storage mediumthat utilizes magnetic patterns to representinformation.

• Example of magnetic storage are:– magnetic disk such as: a floppy disk, used for

off-line storage– hard disk, used for secondary storage– magnetic tape; including video cassette, audio

storage reel-to-reel tape and others

Secondary Device

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Storage Devices

Secondary Device

a) Magnetic Medium

Diskette Hard disk Video cassette

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Storage Devices

b) Optical Medium• Optical Medium is a non-volatile storage media that

holds content in digital form that are written andread by a laser. These media include various typesof CDs and DVDs.

• These following forms are often commonly used :– CD, CD-ROM, and DVD: Read only storage

– CD-R: Write once storage, the data cannot be erasedor written over once it is saved.

– CD-RW, DVD-RW and DVD-RAM: Slow to write butfast reading storage; it allows data that has beensaved to be erased and rewritten.

Secondary Device

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Storage Devices

b) Optical Medium

Secondary Device

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Storage Devices

c) Flash Memory• Flash Memory is a solid-state, non-volatile,

rewritable memory that functions like RAM and ahard disk drive. Flash memory store bits ofelectronic data in memory cells just like DRAM(Dynamic RAM), but it also works like a hard diskdrive.

• Flash memory cards and flash memory sticks areexamples of flash memory.

Secondary Device

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Storage Devices

c) Flash Memory

Secondary Device

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Storage Devices

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PRIMARY ANDSECONDARY STORAGE

Is non-volatile, which means that itdoes not need power to

maintain the information storedin it.

Has a volatile memory for RAM andnon-volatile memory for ROM.

Refers to various ways a computercan store program and data.

An internal memory (inside theCPU) that can be accesseddirectly by the processor.

Storage capacity is larger.Storage capacity is limited.

Examples : Floppy disc, Hard disk,CD-ROM, USB drive

RAM / ROM.

Alternative storage in a computer.Known as the main memory of a

computer.

SECONDARY STORAGEPRIMARY STORAGE

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Units for data measurement1. Bit

2. Byte3. Kilobyte (KB)4. Megabyte (MB)5. Gigabyte (GB)

Basic terminologyØ 8 Bits = 1 ByteØ 1024 Byte = 1 KBØ 1,048,576 Bytes = 1024 KB = 1 MB

Ø 1,073,741,824 Bytes = 1024 MB = 1 GB

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1. Handling input and outputdevices

a. Set up the input and output devicescorrectly

2. Computer settingsa. Customize settings for

i. Displayii. Mouseiii. Sound

b. Customize settings fori. Date and timeii. Regional and language options

according to instructions

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Power port

PS2 port (Mouse)

PS2 port (keyboard)

USB port

Serial port (Modem)

Parallel port (printerport)VGA port (Monitordisplay)Game port (Joystick)

Audio ports (speaker,headphone andmicrophone)

( 9-Line Out, 10-Line In,11-Mic)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9,10,11

Label the portsNo:

Name the Connecting Peripherals

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Connecting Monitor to system unit

1. Plug the VGA cable of the monitorto the display device port as shownin figure 2. The VGA cable (bluecolour) must be connected to thedisplay port of the same colour.

2. Connect the tiny pin on the VGAcable carefully.

VGA cable

VGA cable

VGA port

Monitor port

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Connecting the Keyboard andmouse to the System Unit

1. Plug the PS/2 cable of thekeyboard (purple colour nozzle)and mouse ( green colour nozzle)to the device port

2. Attach the keyboard and mouse totheir respective PS/2 port carefully.

Mouse green nozzle

Keyboard purple nozzle

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Connecting Audio andMicrophone device to system unit

1. Plug the (green nozzle) speakercable and the (blue nozzle)microphone cable to the deviceport

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1. Plug in the power cord2. Then, switch the power supply to ‘On’

position. If the power supply switch is atthe back of the computer system, press‘On. If not, proceed to Step 3.

3. Press the power button4. If everything is connected correctly, all

system fans should start spinning. Thereshould be a single beep. After 2-5seconds, the computer will start to boot.

Switch ON

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Customizing settings for display

1. Click Start button, then click Control Panel2. Control Panel window will appear as shown below.

Then click Appearance and Setting.

3. Click at Display4. Display Properties window will appear as shown

below. In the Themes option, you can change thethemes of your computer by choosing from the dropdown menu. Choose Window XP and click OK asshown below.

5. Click at Desktop tab. You can change your desktopbackground. Choose Bliss in the background menuand click OK.

6. Click at Screen Saver tab. Choose from the dropdown menu. Choose 3D Flying Objects and clickOK.

7. Click Appearance. You can change the appearanceof windows buttons, colour schemes and font size bychoosing from drop down menu. In Windows andbuttons, choose Window XP style. In colourscheme, choose Default (blue). In Font size,choose Normal. Then, click OK.

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Customizing settings for mouse

1. In the Control Panel, click Appearance andThemes. Then click at Mouse Pointers.

2. The Mouse Properties window will appear asshown below. Choose Pointers tab option.You can customize the mouse pointer bychoosing from the customize drop downmenu. Choose Normal Select and click OK.

3. Click Pointer Option tab. You can select thepointer speed by moving the motion slideindicator. Click OK.

Customize Dropdown Menu

Pointers

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Customizing settings for sound

1. In the Control Panel, click Sounds,Speech and Audio Devices. Then, clickAdjust the system volume.

2. Choose the volume level by moving thevolume slide indicator. For furthervolume control setting, you have to clickAdvanced. Then, choose and set thevolume as you wish.

3. Adjust the volume level by moving thevolume slide indicator.

Volume Slide Indicator

Advanced

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Customizing settings for Date and Time

1. In the Control Panel, click Date, Time,Language, and Regional Options. Then click,date and time.

2. Click at Date and Time tab. Choose day,month and year from the Date options, tochange date, change the time in the timeoption. After you choose the suitable date andtime, click OK.

3. Click Time Zone. Choose the time zoneaccording to the country you stay by choosingfrom the drop down menu. Choose(GMT+08:00) Kuala Lumpur, Singapore andclick OK

Day

MonthYear

Time Option

Date and Time

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Customizing settings for Regionaland Language Options.

1. In the Control Panel, click Date, Time,Language and Regional Options. Then,click Regional and Language Options.

2. Click Regional Options tab. Regionaloption will effect how programmes formatnumbers, currencies, dates and time.Then, click the drop down menu. English(United States) is commonly use. ChooseEnglish (United States) and click OK.

Date post:	15-Jan-2016
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