Computer HardwareComputer Hardware

Mr. Richard OrrMr. Richard Orr

Technology TeacherTechnology Teacher

Bednarcik Jr. High SchoolBednarcik Jr. High School

MotherboardMotherboard

Most important part of the Personal Most important part of the Personal ComputerComputer Everything is directly or indirectly connected Everything is directly or indirectly connected

to itto it Also called System BoardsAlso called System Boards Released in Two FormsReleased in Two Forms

AT – Advanced TechnologyAT – Advanced Technology ATX – AT ExtendedATX – AT Extended

AT MotherboardAT Motherboard

Introduced in Mid Introduced in Mid 1980’s1980’s

Only one connector Only one connector port port KeyboardKeyboard

Other components Other components connected through connected through serial or expansion serial or expansion slotsslots

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ATX MotherboardATX Motherboard

Introduced in Mid 1990’sIntroduced in Mid 1990’s Several built in connector Several built in connector

portsports IDE or SATAIDE or SATA

Hard Drive, CD, and DVDHard Drive, CD, and DVD

Bus Expansion SlotsBus Expansion Slots Video, Sound, Modem, and Video, Sound, Modem, and

Ethernet CardsEthernet Cards

Processor SocketProcessor Socket Intel or AMDIntel or AMD

Memory SlotsMemory Slots

Connector PortsConnector Ports

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The Expansion BusThe Expansion Bus

Pathway for all Pathway for all communication communication between CPU and between CPU and componentscomponents

Four common Four common architecturesarchitectures ISAISA PCIPCI AGPAGP USB USB

encyclozine.com/Computer/Hardware/bus.gifencyclozine.com/Computer/Hardware/bus.gif

Bus ArchitecturesBus Architectures

ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) Older, but still foundOlder, but still found

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) Very popularVery popular Small white slotsSmall white slots Used for Sound, modem, and Network Used for Sound, modem, and Network

Interface CardsInterface Cards

Bus Architectures Cont.Bus Architectures Cont.

AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) Reserved for Video CardReserved for Video Card Usually brown and same size as a PCI slotUsually brown and same size as a PCI slot Allows for intense multimedia graphicsAllows for intense multimedia graphics

• Streaming video and 3-D graphicsStreaming video and 3-D graphics

USB (Universal Serial Bus)USB (Universal Serial Bus) On most computers today, front or backOn most computers today, front or back Allows users to “hot-swap” devicesAllows users to “hot-swap” devices Used to connect Keyboards, mice, digital web Used to connect Keyboards, mice, digital web

cameras, joysticks, scanners, and printerscameras, joysticks, scanners, and printers

Power SupplyPower Supply

Converts AC input to lower DC voltagesConverts AC input to lower DC voltages 3.3 and 5 volts – digital circuits3.3 and 5 volts – digital circuits 12 volts – disk drives and fans12 volts – disk drives and fans

Turn power on with a push button, off from Turn power on with a push button, off from menu optionmenu option

Has a built in cooling fanHas a built in cooling fan Must be compatible with the MotherboardMust be compatible with the Motherboard Never open or try to repair a power supplyNever open or try to repair a power supply

Power SupplyPower Supply

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Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit

The brains of the The brains of the computercomputer

2 Major 2 Major ManufacturersManufacturers Intel – Celeron, Intel – Celeron,

Pentium, Core 2 DuoPentium, Core 2 Duo AMD – Sempron, AMD – Sempron,

Athlon 64Athlon 64

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What Does the CPU DoWhat Does the CPU Do

1.1. ALU – Arithmetic/Logic UnitALU – Arithmetic/Logic Unit Performs mathematical operationsPerforms mathematical operations

2.2. Moves data from one memory location to Moves data from one memory location to anotheranother

3.3. Make decisions and jump to new set of Make decisions and jump to new set of instructions based on those decisions.instructions based on those decisions.

Parts of the CPUParts of the CPU Address bus that sends an Address bus that sends an

address to memory address to memory A data bus that can send A data bus that can send

data to memory or receive data to memory or receive data from memory data from memory

An RD (read) and WR (write) An RD (read) and WR (write) line to tell the memory line to tell the memory whether it wants to set or whether it wants to set or get the addressed location get the addressed location

A clock line that lets a clock A clock line that lets a clock pulse sequence the pulse sequence the processor processor

A reset line that resets the A reset line that resets the program counter to zero (or program counter to zero (or whatever) and restarts whatever) and restarts execution execution

When Buying ConsiderWhen Buying Consider

Clock SpeedClock Speed Measured in Clock Cycles per SecondMeasured in Clock Cycles per Second

FSB (Front Side Bus) SpeedFSB (Front Side Bus) Speed Speed at which they connect to the Speed at which they connect to the

motherboardmotherboard Socket TypeSocket Type

Intel – LGA 775 or Socket TIntel – LGA 775 or Socket T AMD – AM2AMD – AM2

64 Bit support, Dual Core, Cache Size64 Bit support, Dual Core, Cache Size

MemoryMemory

Any form of electronic storageAny form of electronic storage Types:Types:

RAM – Random Access MemoryRAM – Random Access Memory ROM – Read Only MemoryROM – Read Only Memory BIOS – Basic Input/Output SystemBIOS – Basic Input/Output System Cache – Data is stored within the CPU for very quick Cache – Data is stored within the CPU for very quick

accessaccess Virtual Storage – Temporary storage on hard drive to Virtual Storage – Temporary storage on hard drive to

hold RAM overflowhold RAM overflow Hard Drive – Permanent storage of dataHard Drive – Permanent storage of data

Hierarchy of MemoryHierarchy of Memory

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Memory ManagementMemory Management

CPU Cache RAM V. M. Disk Storage

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V. M. – Virtual Memory

RAMRAM

Adding RAM quickest and easiest way to Adding RAM quickest and easiest way to speed up your computerspeed up your computer

SomeTypes of RAMSomeTypes of RAM SIMMSIMM DIMMDIMM SODIMMSODIMM

SIMMSIMM

Single In-line Memory ModuleSingle In-line Memory Module Early versions – 30 pin, 3.5 by 0.75 Early versions – 30 pin, 3.5 by 0.75

inches, up to 8mbinches, up to 8mb Newer versions – 72 pin, 4.25 by 1 inch, Newer versions – 72 pin, 4.25 by 1 inch,

up to 256MBup to 256MB Need to be installed in pairsNeed to be installed in pairs

DIMMDIMM

Dual In-line Memory ModuleDual In-line Memory Module 168 or 184 pin, 5.25 by 1 inch168 or 184 pin, 5.25 by 1 inch 8MB to 1GB8MB to 1GB Can be installed singlyCan be installed singly

SODIMMSODIMM

For some notebook computers and Apple For some notebook computers and Apple IMacIMac

Other notebooks may use proprietory Other notebooks may use proprietory RAMRAM

144 or 200 pins, 2 by 1 inch144 or 200 pins, 2 by 1 inch 16MB to 1GB16MB to 1GB

How to Install RAMHow to Install RAM

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