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Computer HistoryHow did we get here?
The First "Computers"
• People– Navigation tables, planetary positions, artillery tables
http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/calculators/1/65/2209First 3:00
Calculation Aides
• Tools to calculate with:– Abacus– Napier’s bones– Slide rule
Calculating Machines
• Pascaline – 1642 mechanical calculator– Gear driven
Binary
• Gottfried Leibniz– Four function calculator– Advocated calculating with binary numbers
Weaving
• Joseph Jacquard– 1801 : power loom– Punch card driven patterns
Difference Engine
• Charles Babbage– 1822 – Difference engine : Steam powered calculator• Set the stage for IT overruns
– Analytical Engine• Punch card programmable• Memory & Processing separate
• Ada Byron– First programmer
http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/calculators/1/51/2205 (0-2:19)
Changing Society
• Herman Hollerith : Hollerith Desk– Built for 1890 Census– Read/Write storage– Census complete in 3 years– Founded company now known
as IBM
Mark I
• 1944– First digital programmable computer• Mechanical
– WWII Firing tables
First Bug
• Grace Hopper– Programmer for Mark I– Designed first compiler
Electric Calculator
• Bombe & Colossus– Built by Great Britain– Code breaking calculator
http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/birth-of-the-computer/4/82/2218 (0-2:20)
Electrical Computer
• ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator– 20x40 foot room– Programmed with patch cords and dials
Stored Programs
• What differentiates a calculator from a computer?
Modern Era Starts
• 1st generation modern computers– General purpose– Electronically stored program– Vacuum tube switches
• Manchester Baby– First working stored
program computer
• EDVAC
Von Neumann
• The Non Nuemann architecture:
Transistors
• Electronic switches– Invented 1947
http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/digital-logic/12/272/2217 (0-6:16)
Modern Era
• Second Gen : 1950’s & 60’s– Transistor based– Mainframe era
Modern Era
• Third Gen : 1960’s-1970– Integrated circuits
• Monitors / Keyboards / Operating Systems
Apple
• Fourth Gen 1971+– Microprocessor
• PC as hobby – late 1970s– Altair & Apple I
PC Era
• 1981 - IBM PC – Highly successful personal computer– MS-DOS
Ubiquitous Computing
• Computers everywhere– Phones, cars, DVRs, toys, etc…
• Highly Integrated Circuits– Multiple parts of a computer on one chip
So Who Invented It?
http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/birth-of-the-computer/4/91/2214