Computer modeling to evaluate the risks for damage to objects exposed to varying indoor climate conditions in the past, climate conditions in the past, present, and future
Zara HuijbregtsMarco MartensJos van SchijndelHenk Schellen
Climate for Culture
Damage risk assessment, economic impact and mitigation strategies for sustainable preservation of
cultural heritage in times of climate change
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Climate for Culture
Our role
• Work package leader coordination case studies• Measurement case studies world heritage sites The
Netherlands and BelgiumNetherlands and Belgium• Hygro-thermal building simulation and modeling• Damage assessment• Impact on moving and non moving cultural heritage• Mitigation, adaptation and preservation strategies
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Distribution of case studies
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Climate for Culture database and WEB application
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Climate for Culture database and WEB application
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Climate for Culture database and WEB application
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Climate for Culture database and WEB application
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Climate for Culture database and WEB application
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Modeling scenario
Outdoor climate (past/present/future) T/RH/q_sun/v_wind/rain
Indoor climate T/RH
Building physics/HVAC systems modeling
CFD modeling
Micro climate T/RH/v
Impact on objects
Risk
Decision making
Finite element/fracture modeling
Risk analysis
Cost benefit analysis
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Case Studies
Out/In Transfer FunctionsOut/In Transfer Functions
Castle
Church
Palace
House
Predicted Outdoor Climate
Building simulation
Out/In Transfer FunctionsOut/In Transfer Functions
T(°
C)
House
Brick
Stone
Wood
Climate(WP1)
RH
in
(%)
Damage Functions
Predicted Indoor Climate
for Selected Building Types
Predicted Risk for Selected
Materials & Objects
StoneMasonryWoodPaintingsPaperBuilding Types ObjectsGlassMoulds
Examples of Risk evaluation: ok risk damage
Panels Painted layer
Moulds Chemical degradation
Full response RH (%) Period (day) Temperature (°C) Time (month)Sur
face
resp
onse
RH
(%
)
RH
Cyc
le (
%)
Rel
ativ
e H
umid
ity (
%)
Life
time
Mul
tiplie
r
Multi Buildings‘HAMBase’MatLab
Multiphysics Details
Modeling based on physics(PhD Jos van Schijndel 2007)
Multiphysics Details PDEComsol
Multi Systems & ControlODESimuLink
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Moisture content measurements by NMR
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Drying of a cylinder of wood
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Drying of a cylinder of wood
14
16
18
20
Moi
stur
e co
nten
t [m
%]
12.5 mm 2 mm 0 mm
0 50 100 150 200 250 3006
8
10
12
Time [hours]
Moi
stur
e co
nten
t [m
%]
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Numerical model development to assess moisture induced stress
MoistureDistribution
StressDistribution
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Distribution Distribution
Moisture evaluation
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Mechanical stress evaluation
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Deformation of a panel painting:(PhD Bartek Rachwal 2012)
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Museum classifica tion(PhD Marco Martens 2012)
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Predicting degradation
• 4 degradation mechanisms• Biological degradation• Chemical degradation• Mechanical degradation:
− Over time (damage because of construction)− Over time (damage because of construction)− In between positions (damage by gradients)
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Predicting degradation
• 4 common well defined objects / materials• Paper• Painting (oil paint on gesso on 10 mm wooden panel)• Furniture (wood with lacquer)• Wooden sculpture (massive, untreated)
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Overview of risks
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Climate changes in an unheatedmonumental church (PhD Zara Huijbregts)
Recent past: 1960-1990
Near future: 2020-2050
Far future: 2070-2100
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Specific climate risk assessment
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Learning from the past
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Historic indoor climate reconstruction
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Historic indoor climate reconstruction: (PhD Raha Sulaiman)
Determination historic climate for the Netherlands (physical) interpolated outdoor temperatures from 1881-
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RIJKS MUSEUM RCE
1922 1977 2010
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RIJKS MUSEUM RCE
1977 2010
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Results HAMBase
Microclimate conditions� Comparison on-site
measurements and simulationmodel
/ Department of the Built Environment PAGE 3121-10-2013
RIJKS MUSEUM RCE
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RIJKS MUSEUM RCE
UvA Models
SRAL
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Deformation
/ Department of the Built Environment PAGE 3421-10-2013
Predicted deformation at external sidet =1000
NWO project Climate4Wood
(Moisture transport in wood using a multiscale appro ach, PhD Wolfgang ZILLIG, ETH Zurich, 2009)
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NWO project Climate4Wood
1. Identify the RH fluctuations that decorated wooden panels can safely sustain (the ‘allowable’ fluctuations)
2. In consequence develop rational guidelines for the climate specifications in museumsclimate specifications in museums
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NWO project Climate4Wood
• Museum study (PhD 1: Stina Ekelund), consisting of a systematic analysis of a collection of decorated panels; reconstructions will be made to measure the hygrothermal properties of oak.
• The results are used as input for a material and • The results are used as input for a material and mechanical modeling study (PhD 2: ?), to model climate and age induced stresses and deformations.
• A postdoc (?) will help to determine and model the relevant non linear elastic material properties.
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