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Slide 2 Computer Networking Slide 3 Department of Computer Networking Application CHAPTER 1 Introduction overview 1 The first section 2 Exercises 3 Online lecture Slide 4 Chapter 1 Introduction overview 1 Andrew S.Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 4 rd ed, Prentice Hall, 2003 ( 4 ),, 2 3 William Stallings 4 Douglas E.Comer Slide 5 www.gxmu.edu.cn Computer Networking A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet James F. Kurose and Keith W. Ross Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 6 www.gxmu.edu.cn Computer networking Author Rowe, Stanford H Rowe, Schuh, Marsha L Schuh Chinese http://books.google.cn/books?id=oqgDJmdBECMC English http://books.google.cn/books?id=S_Ft-9l1RGcC Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 7 www.gxmu.edu.cn Master Basic network theory 1 Get certified 2 Join and participate in professional associations 3 Experience 4 Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 8 www.gxmu.edu.cn Certificate Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 9 www.gxmu.edu.cn INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW Chapter 1 Introduction overview Introduction Overview 1 Network Classification 2 Network Architectures 3 Introduction Protocols 4 Slide 10 www.gxmu.edu.cn OBJECTIVES Chapter 1 Introduction overview 1 Explain what a network is ; 2 Explain the terms communications,t elecommunication s,and network; 3 Describe the history of networks; Slide 11 www.gxmu.edu.cn 1.2 WHY STUDY NETWORKS? A. Hope to work in a communications. Good salary B. Have more of an academic interest want to understand more networks about how to work. C.Expand your computer network vocabulary. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 12 www.gxmu.edu.cn It industry professionals on the needs of the situation Source Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 13 www.gxmu.edu.cn 1.3 THE SCOPE OF THIS BOOK Learn about networking Focus :industry,education, government No complicated Mathematics Provides a solid foundation Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 14 www.gxmu.edu.cn 1.4 TERMINOLOGY 1.4.1 Communication A) A process that allows information to pass between a sender and one or more receivers. B) The art of expressing ideas especially in speech and writing. And the science of transmitting meaningful information,especially in symbols. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 15 www.gxmu.edu.cn 1.4.2 Telecommunication Telecommunication is the assisted transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. Telecommunication=communication Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 16 www.gxmu.edu.cn 1.4.3 Network A network can be thought of as an interrelated group of objects connected together in some way Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 17 www.gxmu.edu.cn Computer network A communication network is an interconnected system of computers, terminals, and other hardware established for the purpose of exchanging information or service between individuals, groups, or institutions. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 18 www.gxmu.edu.cn Computer networks consist of 1 Physical connections: Cable, optical fiber, radio channel. 2 Communication protocols: Defining the format, timing of signals/packets at different layers. Different protocols make different network systems. 3 Applications: Client/server programs for different services. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 19 www.gxmu.edu.cn 1.4.4 Acronyms Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 20 www.gxmu.edu.cn 1.5 BASIC ELEMENTS OF A NETWORK A network contains three basic elements: Source: The transmitter or sender of a message is also called the source. Sink : receiver Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 21 www.gxmu.edu.cn Medium: The vehicle through which a message travels from sender to receiver A copper wire fiber microwave infrared The medium as the communication line, the line,or the circuit. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 22 www.gxmu.edu.cn Figure 1-1 Basic elements of a communication network. A copper wire in a telephone network is an example of a medium. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 23 www.gxmu.edu.cn Protocols The rules of communication that guide the progress of messages through a network. To ensure that messages sent on a network will be successfully received, rules must guide their progress. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 24 www.gxmu.edu.cn Figure 1-2 Unwritten rules of telephone communication: the initiation of the conversation. Stanford Rowe and Marsha Schuh Computer Networking, 1e Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Protocols are used in voice communication. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 25 www.gxmu.edu.cn Figure 1-3 Shortcutting the unwritten rules of telephone call initiation. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 26 www.gxmu.edu.cn NOTE Protocols are used in voice communication too. Equipment communication must have protocols, All of rules must be defined precisely and must cover all situation. Unlike voice communication examples. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 27 www.gxmu.edu.cn 1.6.1 The Telegraph Network 1.6.2 Early Telephone Networks 1.6 A BRIEF HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNCATIO NETWORKS Early Electrical Telegraph Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 28 www.gxmu.edu.cn 1.6.1 The Telegraph The first true telecommunication network was established in the United States in 1844. over 150 years ago Electromagnetic telegraph machine Established the foundation for network developments Telegraph vs. SMS Samuel Morse Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 29 www.gxmu.edu.cn Morse Code Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 30 www.gxmu.edu.cn 1.6.2 Early Telephone Network Jumped to the problem of sending voice signals. Western Union passed up the opportunity to own the basic patents on the telephone Bell was not instantly successful with telephone technology after he received the patent for his device Bell company AT&T Two pioneers of the telephone industry were Bell and Gray In 1876. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 31 www.gxmu.edu.cn 1.6.3 Early Teleprinting Service 1846.royal house invented a Printing telegraph machine It was faster than MORS, But it did not eliminate the need for operators. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 32 www.gxmu.edu.cn baudot: Character ------five pulses Emile baudot The first printing telegraph system used the Baudot code. Baudot machines Could do the encoding and decoding. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 33 www.gxmu.edu.cn Baudot rate Baud: A unit of speed in data transmission usually equal to one bit per second. 1 B = 1bit= 1bps Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 34 www.gxmu.edu.cn TWX: teletypewriter exchange service AT&T TELEX: teletypewriter Western union. The telex and TWX networks were both developed in the U.S. Telex service is still in limited use today. It is replaced by e-mail. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 35 www.gxmu.edu.cn 1.6.4 Radio Teleprinting 1930s radio teletype, RTTY Al Gross launched a wireless pager in 1949, followed in 1951 invented a wireless phone. Martin Cooper is considered the father of the mobile phone Teleprinter signals could be transmitted by radio Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 36 www.gxmu.edu.cn 1.6.5 The Telephone Network Telephone network don't eliminated the need for teleprinting networks and services. CO Central : provides the switching of telephone calls and provides a gathering point for circuits in its area. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 37 www.gxmu.edu.cn Computerized switches Call swithing Early manual telephone switches Telephone operators-mechanical switches-computerized switches telephone switches classification Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 38 www.gxmu.edu.cn Computers are not the only devices that can handle switching in networks. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 39 www.gxmu.edu.cn Computerized switches The switching of data, voice, and other signals through a network is done by specialized computers. The average time to connect a telephone call is under three seconds Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 40 www.gxmu.edu.cn 1.6.6 Analog and Digital Telephone Service Originally, the telephone and telephone network were entirely analog. Since 1950, has become largely digital in operation. only handset remains analog. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 41 www.gxmu.edu.cn Analog and Digital Signals Signals that are continuous are called analog signals. Signals that have discrete values are called digital signals *Analog communications devices handle signals that vary discretely with time. F *Digital signals have just two states Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 42 www.gxmu.edu.cn Figure 1-6 Analog and digital signals in the telephone network. Most telephone handsets are analog devices. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 43 www.gxmu.edu.cn Periodic Signals Aperiodic Signals Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 44 www.gxmu.edu.cn Transformation of Information to Signals When an analog signal is converted to digital form it is said to be digitized Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 45 www.gxmu.edu.cn Telephone network become digital If tapped into a digital communications circuit, you would not be able to tell whether the signals you saw were computer data, digitized voice signals, or digitized video. There aren't fundamental differences among data, voice, and image transmissions. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 46 www.gxmu.edu.cn Digital telephone DSL- digital subscriber line ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line HDSL: High-data-rate Digital Subscriber Line Most telephone handsets are analog devices. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 47 www.gxmu.edu.cn Networks you may have used include the public switched telephone network (PSTN) the Internet a bank network a supermarket network a credit card network 1.7 Contemporary examples of networks When you make a call on your cell phone, you are using a wireless network. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 48 www.gxmu.edu.cn A computer network may be as simple as two computers in an office connected by a wire or cable. Private companies are allowed to build their own communications networks. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 49 www.gxmu.edu.cn Development of computer network In 1946 The world's first digital computer available. In1954 transceiver Terminal. The basic prototype computer network was born this way Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 50 www.gxmu.edu.cn The first generation: Host +terminal The first generation: Host +terminal 1950s Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 51 www.gxmu.edu.cn 2G: Host+Host+...... 1960s Pre-Processor Host Pre-Processor Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 52 www.gxmu.edu.cn computer network from the 1970s began. 3G computer network from the 1970s began. 1970s Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 53 www.gxmu.edu.cn 4G:High-speed computer network technology development 4G:High-speed computer network technology development 1980s Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 54 www.gxmu.edu.cn Evolution of network Simple connection Network connectivity Network Interconnection 1960s1970s 1970s1980s 1980S Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 55 www.gxmu.edu.cn Ethernet development DIX IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3U IEEE 802.3Z/AB IEEE 802.3AE/AK 198019831995199819992002.6 10M 10M 802.3 100M 802.3u 1G 802.3z 1G 802.3ab 10G 802.3ae 2004.2 10G 802.3ak 1973 3M Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 56 www.gxmu.edu.cn 2001:05c0:8d16::/48 2001:05c0:8d16:1500::/56 18 21 25 Eagle Tiger Lion Frog Dolphin 159.226.10.198/30 159.226.10.201 / 29 159.226.10.209/ 29 IPv6 2001:05c0:8d16:1205::/64 IPv4 159.226.10.210~214/ 29 IPv6 2001:05c0:8d16:1519::/64 Whale 2001:05c0:8d16:1200::/56 5 Router IPv4 159.226.10.202~206/ 29 IPv6 2001:05c0:8d16:1206::/64 IPv6 IPv6 over IPv4 159.226.10.193 2001:05c0:8fff:fffe::408b/128 159.226.10.197/30 IPv6 2001:05c0:8d16:1520::/64 6 26 IPV6 Test-bed structure IPv4 IPv4/IPv6 IPv6 Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 57 www.gxmu.edu.cn NETWORK Research directions in last 10 years The communications regulatory environment changes constantly. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 58 www.gxmu.edu.cn SUMMARY We use network every day Internet and telephone network are most common network. Networks can be classified. Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 59 D protocols 1 Rules that guide the progress of messages through a network are called. D A media B circuits C switches Answer Redo Next Exercises Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 60 D All of the above. 2 Telephone signals are. D A normally converted to digital form at some point during their transmission B switched by computers C transmitted through a communication companys CO Answer Redo Next Exercises Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 61 A Bell and Gray 3.Two pioneers of the telephone industry were. A B control character D Rowe and Schuh C Baudot and Murray Answer Redo Next Exercises Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 62 C both developed in the U.S 4.The telex and TWX networks were. C A different names for the same service B early telephone services D None of the above. Answer Redo Next Exercises Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 63 D None of the above. 5. To use a network you must always. D A be a registered user B have a password C have basic PC skills Answer Redo Next Exercises Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 64 6. The transmitter or sender of a message is also called the ________ source Answer Exercises 7. The vehicle through which a message travels from sender to receiver is called the ______________. medium Answer 8.A set of rules that guide the progress of a message from sender to receiver is called a__________________. protocol Answer Chapter 1 Introduction overview Slide 65 9. The company that passed up the opportunity to own the basic patents on the telephone was___________. Western Union Answer Exercises 10.Signals that are continuous are called ________________. canalog signals Answer Chapter 1 Introduction overview