Computer Overview New

8/9/2019 Computer Overview New

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What is computer?y A computer is a machine for manipulating data according to a

list of instructions.

y Computers take many physical forms. Early electronic

computers were the size of a large room, consuming as muchpower as several hundred modern personal computers.

y Today, computers can be made small enough to fit into a wristwatch and be powered from a watch battery.

y

Society has come to recognize personal computers and theirportable equivalent, the laptop computer, as icons of theinformation age.

y The ability to store and execute programs makes computersextremely versatile and distinguishes them from calculators.


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Computer

Multimedia Computer

Personal Computer

Notebook / Laptop


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How computers worky A general purpose computer has four main sections:

y the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU),

y the control unit

y the memory and

y the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O)

y The control unit, ALU, registers, and basic I/O (and often otherhardware closely linked with these) are collectively known as a

central processing unit (CP

U).y Early CPUs were comprised of many separate components but

since the mid-1970s CPUs have typically been constructed on asingle integrated circuit called a microprocessor.


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Computer Componentsy Computer Display Monitor

y Central Processing Unit (CPU)

y Computer Keyboard

y Computer Mouse

y Hard disk drive

y CD-ROM / DVD-ROM

y Plotter

y Printer

y Speaker


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Computer Display Monitory A computer display monitor, usually called simply a monitor, is a

piece of electrical equipment which displays viewable imagesgenerated by a computer without producing a permanent record.

y

The word "monitor" is used in other contexts; in particular intelevision broadcasting, where a television picture is displayed to ahigh standard.

y A computer display device is usually either a cathode ray tube orsome form of flat panel such as a TFT LCD display.

y The monitor comprises the display device, circuitry to generate a

picture from electronic signals sent by the computer, and anenclosure or case.

y Within the computer, either as an integral part or a plugged-ininterface, there is circuitry to convert internal data to a formatcompatible with a monitor.


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CRT Monitor Flat Screen Monitor


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Central Processing Unit (CPU)y A central processing unit (CPU), or sometimes simply

processor, is the component in a digital computer capable

of executing a program.y It interprets computer program instructions and

processes data.

y CPUs provide the fundamental digital computer trait of

programmability, and are one of the necessarycomponents found in computers of any era, along with

primary storage and input/output facilities


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Central Processing Unit CPU plug in motherboard


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Computer Keyboardy A computer keyboard is a peripheral partially modeled

after the typewriter keyboard.

yKeyboards are designed for the input of text andcharacters and also to control the operation of a

computer.


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Computer Keyboard


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Computer Mousey A mouse (plural mice or mouse) functions as a pointing

device by detecting two-dimensional motion relative toits supporting surface.

y Physically, a mouse consists of a small case, held underone of the user's hands, with one or more buttons.

y It sometimes features other elements, such as "wheels",which allow the user to perform various system-

dependent operations, or extra buttons or features canadd more control or dimensional input.

y The mouse's motion typically translates into the motionof a pointer on a display.


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Contemporary Mouse Optical Mouse


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Plottery A plotter is a vector graphics printing device that connects to a

computer.

y Pen Plotters print their output by moving a pen across the

surface of a piece of paper. This means that plotters arerestricted to line art, rather than raster graphics as with otherprinters. They can draw complex line art, including text, but doso very slowly because of the mechanical movement of thepens.

y When computer memory was very expensive, and processorpower was very slow, this was often the fastest way toproduce color high-resolution vector-based artwork, or verylarge drawings efficiently.


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Plotter


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CD-ROM Drive / DVD-ROM Drivey CD-ROM discs or DVD-ROM discs are read using CD-ROM

or DVR-ROM drives, which are now almost universal on

personal computers.y A CD-ROM and DVD-ROM drive may be connected to the

computer via an IDE (ATA), SCSI, S-ATA, Fire wire, or USB

interface

yVirtually all modern CD-ROM and DVD-ROM drives canalso play audio CDs as well as Video CDs and other data

standards when used in conjunction with the right

software.


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CD-ROM Drive and DVD-ROM Drive


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Computer Storage Componenty Hard Disk Drive

y Diskette

y USB Flash Drivey Compact Disc (CD)

y Digital Video Disc (DVD)


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Hard Disk Drivey A hard disk drive (HDD), commonly referred to as a hard

drive or hard disk, is a non-volatile storage device which

stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platterswith magnetic surfaces.

y "drive" refers to a device distinct from its medium, such

as a tape drive and its tape, or a floppy disk drive and its

floppy disk.

y Early HDDs had removable media; however, an HDD

today is typically a sealed unit with fixed media


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Hard Disk Drive


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Diskette / Floppy Disky A floppy disk is a data storage device that is composed of a

disk of thin, flexible ("floppy") magnetic storage medium

encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell.

y Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disk drive or

FDD, the initials of which should not be confused with "fixed

disk drive", which is another term for a hard disk drive.

y Developed in 1969 by IBM, floppy disks in both 3.5" and 5.25"

formats of storage,

y from the early 1980s to the late 1990s. However, they have

now been largely superseded by Flash and optical storage

devices.


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Diskette / Floppy Disk


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USB Flash Drivey USB flash drives are NAND-type flash memory data

storage devices integrated with a USB (universal serial

bus) interface.y Typically small, lightweight, removable and rewritable

y Memory capacities for USB Flash Drives currently are

from 32 megabytes up to 64 gigabytes.

y USB flash drives offer potential advantages over otherportable storage devices

y They are more compact, generally faster, hold more data,

and are more reliable


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USB FLASH

DRIVE


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Compact Disc (CD)y A Compact Disc or CD is an optical disc used to store

digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio.

y

Standard CDs have a diameter of 120 mm and can holdapproximately 80 minutes of audio and 700 megabyte of

data.

y Compact Disc technology was later adapted for use as a

data storage device, known as a CD-ROM, and to includerecord-once and re-writable media (CD-R and CD-RW

respectively). CD-ROMs and CD-Rs remain widely used

technologies in the Computer industry as of 2007.


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Compact Disc (CD)


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Digital Video Drive (DVD)y DVD ("Digital Versatile Disc" or "Digital Video Disc") is a

popular optical disc storage media format that can beused for data storage, including movies with high video

and sound quality.y DVDs resemble Compact Discs in that they have the exact

appearance (i.e. diameter: 120 mm or 4.72 in,occasionally 80 mm or 3.15 in.) and both are optical

storage media so similar that a DVD reader or writer canusually read CDs, but DVDs are encoded in a differentformat of much greater density, allowing a data storagecapacity 8 times greater (single-layer, single-sided).


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Digital Video Disc (DVD)


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Blue-ray Discy Blu-ray Disc is an optical dis storage medium designed to supersede the

standard DVD format.y Its main uses are for storing high-definition video, PlayStation 3 video games,

and other data, with up to 25 GB per single-layered, and 50 GB per dual-layereddisc.

y The name Blu-ray Disc derives from the "blue laser" used to read the disc.While a standard DVD uses a 650 nanometer red laser

y Blu-ray Disc uses a shorter wavelength 405 nm laser, and allows for almost tentimes more data storage than a DVD. While this laser color is called "blue," it isactuallyviolet (purple) to the eye, and is very close to ultraviolet ("blacklight").

y During the high definition optical disc format war, Blu-ray Disc competed with

theH

D DVD format.y Blu-ray Disc was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association, a grouprepresenting makers of consumer electronics, computer hardware, and motionpictures.

y As of June 2009, more than 1,500 Blu-ray Disc titles are available in Australiaand the United Kingdom, with 2,500 in Japan, the United States and Canada.


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What we have learned.y Overview of computer

y How is computer working

y Computer component / hardwarey Computer storage component

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