Computer ProjectM.phil

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Paper III: M.Phil( Computer Skill) (Practical)

Q.1 What do you mean by Operating System? Explain its services & features?

Answer :-

What is an Operating System?

An operating system should be conceived as a combination of following differentaspects:-

1.A Programbut with a funny function invocation mechanism. An operating system is no differentthan any other program, other than it lays on the bottommost layer.

2.A Control Program

controls the execution of programs and devices. An operating sytem is responsibleto monitor and control the operation of each and every software as well as hardwarecomponents of a computer system.

3.An Interface

An abstract virtual machine. Operating system behaves as a computer system for allother applications so that the communication is possible and the underlyinghardware details are encapsulated to provide common standard interface.

4.A Programming Environment

The kernel + utilities

5.A resource manager

The operating system maximizes system performance since it manages theavailable resources.

6.A service provider

An operating system provides different services to other applications such as Filestorage, network communications, and so on.

Why do we need operating system?

Today it would appear a funny question. We can't imagine operating a computerwithout an operating system. But, major reason can be drawn as following two:-

1. They Provide a high-level abstraction of physical resources


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Since operating systems provice common standard interface, it enables theconstruction of more complex software systems. Similarly, without operating system,it would be impossible to imagine portable code.

2. They allow sharing of limited or expensive physical resources

Because operating systems manages the computer resources it is possible to sharethe expensive physical resources and optimize their use.

Types of Operating Systems

Personal Computing System

Single user

Utilization is no longer a concern

Emphasis is on user interface and API

Many serices and features are not present

Primary concern in personal computing system is response time [ response time =

completion time - start time]

Distributed Operating System

Typically support distributed services

Possibly employ multiple processors (loosely coupled vs. tightly coupled systems)

High availability and reliability requirement

Parallel Operating System

Symetric Multiprocessing

Each processor has a copy of the operating system. Many jobs can be executed inparallel.

Asymmetric multiprocessing

Master processor allocates jobs to slave processors

Real-time Operating System

A system with a dual notion of correctness:


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o Logical correctness - "It does the right thing"

o Temporal correctness - "It does it on time"

A system wherein predictability is more important than performance

Dedicated system: real-time performance achieved iff time(loop)


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Q.2. What are the steps of installation for windows MS office 2007 application?

Answer 2:-

How To Install Microsoft Office 2007.

Real world application...

Microsoft Office 2007 is a collection of individual applications that help drive productivity andmanage many forms of data either at home or at the office.

Overview...

Installing Microsoft Office 2007 is exceptionally easy and you can be using it within about five

minutes of starting the installation process.

Workshop...

Microsoft Office 2007 Installation Disk Microsoft Office 2007 Product Key

Microsoft Office 2007 Installation Disk

Place the disk in your CD/DVD ROM drive.

This guide will assume that you will be installing Microsoft Office 2007 from the CD/DVD drive.This guide will apply to all versions of Microsoft Office 2007 as there is no noticeable differencewhen installing different versions of Microsoft Office 2007. The only expected difference is theapplications that you can install and this is dependent on the version of Microsoft Office 2007you have purchased.

The following is how to install Microsoft Office 2007...

Enter your Product Key

Simply enter your 25 Character Product-Key. If you have entered it correctly you shouldsee a bold green tick appear.

You can now click Continue.

If you entered your 25 Character Product-Key incorrectly then you will see a bold red tickappear. Do not worry, just double check and correct your entry. You should then see abold green tick appear.



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If you have a specific reason for not entering a product key then all you need to do isclick Continue.

When the Setup Dialog box appears just click Yes and you can then continue the installwithout a product key.

Read the Microsoft Software License Terms

For you to be able to install Microsoft Office 2007 you will have to read and acceptthe terms of the agreement.

If you agree with the terms then click the box next to I accept the terms of thisagreement and then click Continue.

If you do not agree to the terms of this agreement then you cannot install Microsoft

Office 2007.

Choose the Installation You Want

You will now have to decide if you want to Install Now or Customize your installation of MicrosoftOffice 2007.

Install Now If you need the quickest and the most convenient way to install Microsoft Office 2007 thenchoose Install Now.

Customize If you would like to customize your installation to your specific needs then choose Customize.

Install Now

Click Install Now for the quickest and the most convenient way to install MicrosoftOffice 2007.

Installation Progress

Microsoft Office 2007 will now start to install and this shouldn't take too long.
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Microsoft Office 2007 should have been successfully installed.

If you want access to free product updates, help and online services then click Go toOffice Online.

Alternatively click Close and you can then start to use Microsoft Office 2007.

For you to be able to use Microsoft Office 2007 you are required to activate yourproduct, see Product Activation below on how to go about this.

Customize

Click Customize to customize your Microsoft Office 2007 installation.

Installation Options

On the Installation Options tab you can see all the applications that are present in theversion of Office that you have purchased. By default all Applications are all ready toinstall.

If you want to prevent a particular application from installing, [for example Microsoft OfficeExcel] click the little black downwards facing arrow.

Now select X Not Available and this will prevent the application from installing.

Within each application there are separate add-ins and you also have the choice to installthese or not.

To prevent an add-in of an application from installing click the + symbol next to theapplication. You should then be able to view all of the add-ins that are associated withthat application.

Next to the add-in click the little black downwards facing arrow.

Now select X Not Available and this will prevent the add-in from installing.

Note: Some Add-ins may have an X Not Available next to them and this cannot bechanged. You will find this happens because you do not have other needed softwareinstalled on your computer such as the .NET Framework.

Choose a File Location

Click the File Location tab.

By default Microsoft Office 2007 will install to the following location: C:\Program
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Files\Microsoft Office

If you have a specific need to change the location, then click Browse, choose the newlocation and then click OK.

Note: If you wish to change the installation path after you have installed Microsoft Office2007 then you will have to reinstall Microsoft Office 2007 to choose the new location.

Type your information

Click the User Information tab.

You are not required to enter any information but if you want to then all you need toenter is your Full Name,Initials and your Organization.

If you want to check and make any changes then just go back to the Installation Options, FileLocation and the User Information tab. If you are happy with any changes you have made thenclick on the Install Now button which can be found at the bottom on the right on all of the threetabs.

Installation Progress

Microsoft Office 2007 will now start to install and this shouldn't take too long.

Microsoft Office 2007 should have been successfully installed.

If you want access to free product updates, help and online services then click Go toOffice Online.

Alternatively click Close and you can then start to use Microsoft Office 2007.

For you to be able to use Microsoft Office 2007 you are required to activate yourproduct, see Product Activation below on how to go about this.

Product Activation

To activate your product open any one of Microsoft Office 2007 applications.
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Enter your Product Key

Product activation requires you to have entered your product key. If you did not dothis when you came to install Microsoft Office 2007 then you must do it now.

Simply enter your 25 Character Product-Key. If you have entered it correctly youshould see a bold green tick appear.

If you entered your 25 Character Product-Key incorrectly then you will see a bold redtick appear. Do not worry, just double check and correct your entry. You should thensee a bold green tick appear.


Configuration Progress

The configuration shouldn't take no more than a minute to complete.

The configuration should complete and all you need to do it is click Close.

Microsoft Office Activation Wizard

Once again open any one of Microsoft Office 2007 applications and you should havethe activation wizard appear.

By default I want to activate the software over the internet. (recommended) isselected. Activating over the internet is the quickest and easiest method.

Click Next to continue.

Activation should now take place.


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Microsoft Office 2007 should now be activated.

You can now use Microsoft Office 2007 without any activation prompts.

If want access to free product updates, help and online services then click Go to

Office Online.

Alternatively click Close to start using Microsoft Office 2007.

Summary...

As you can see, installing Microsoft Office 2007 is exceptionally easy. There isn't anything that isoverly complicated when you begin the install. You simply enter a product key and wait a coupleof minutes for the install to complete. If you decide to customize your install then it couldn't beany easier, the customizations are easy to understand and easily correctable.


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Q.3 What is control panel? Explain the control panel (classic view).

Answer:-

The Control Panel is a part of theMicrosoft Windowsgraphical user interfacewhich

allows users to view and manipulate basic system settings and controls viaapplets,such as addinghardware, adding and removingsoftware, controllinguser accounts,and changingaccessibilityoptions. Additional applets can be provided by third partysoftware.

The Control Panel has been an inherent part of the Microsoft Windows operatingsystem since its first release (Windows 1.0),[1]with many of the current applets beingadded in later versions. Beginning withWindows 95, the Control Panel isimplemented as aspecial folder, i.e. the folder does not physically exist, but onlycontainsshortcutsto various applets such asAdd or Remove Programs and InternetOptions. Physically, these applets are stored as .cplfiles. For example, theAdd or

Remove Programs applet is stored under the name appwiz.cplin the SYSTEM32folder.

In recent versions of Windows, the Control Panel has two views, Classic ViewandCategory View, and it is possible to switch between these through an option thatappears on the left side of the window.

Many of the individual Control Panel applets can be accessed in other ways. Forinstance, Display Properties can be accessed by right-clicking on an empty area ofthe desktop and choosing Properties.

The classic view consists of shortcuts to the various control panel applets, usuallywithout any description (other than the name). The categories are seen if the useruse "Details" view.

The category view consists of categories, which when clicked on display the controlpanel applets related to the category. InWindows Vista, the category displays linksto the most commonly used applets below the name of the category.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Control_Panel_applets_(Windows)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Control_Panel_applets_(Windows)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Control_Panel_applets_(Windows)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_accounthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_accounthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_accounthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_accessibilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_accessibilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_accessibilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_1.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_1.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_1.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_Panel_(Windows)#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_Panel_(Windows)#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_Panel_(Windows)#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_95http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_95http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_95http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Foldershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Foldershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Foldershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_shortcuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_shortcuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_shortcuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vistahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vistahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vistahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vistahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_shortcuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Foldershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_95http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_Panel_(Windows)#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_1.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_accessibilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_accounthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Control_Panel_applets_(Windows)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows


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Q.4:- Explain steps of using windows accessories for Communication andEntertainment

Answer :-

Windows 7 includes a few programs called accessories, such as the clock and Paint.You can start any accessory from the Start menu. If the program already appears on

the Start menu (it will after you run it once), just click the program name. If the

program name doesnt appear on the Start menu, simply type enough of the program

name to make it appear and then click it.

You can also find most of these programs by choosing

Start All Programs Accessories, where you see all the accessories.

Get the time and weather with desktop gadgets

Gadgets display bits of information on the desktop. Your desktop may already show

one or more gadgets from Windows 7 or from the computer manufacturer. To see all

the available gadgets, right-click the desktop and click Gadgets. The Desktop

Gadget Gallery appears.


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Youll probably use the Clock and Weather gadgets the most. Hover your mouse

over the clock, and you see a toolbar.


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You can change the way the clock looks and works by clicking the Options tool. TheOptions dialog box for the Clock gadget opens.

You can check the weather with the Weather gadget. Double-click the Weather

gadget in the Desktop Gadget Gallery to display it on the desktop. If you have an

Internet connection, this gadget gets weather information through the Internet.

Windows 7 guesses your location based on your Internet connection.


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Use the Windows 7 Calculator

To use the Windows 7 Calculator accessory, click the Start button, type calc, and

click Calculator in the search results. The Calculator appears on your desktop.


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To perform a simple calculation, use the keyboard to type the first number or click

the number buttons with the mouse; type or click the appropriate math-symbol

button; enter the second number; then press the Enter key or click the equal-sign

button to see the results.

Capture the computer screen with the Windows Snipping Tool

The Snipping Tool captures all or part of the computer display screen as a picture.

You can save the picture and attach it to an e-mail or paste the picture into a

document. Click the Start button, type snip, and click the Snipping Tool from the

search results. The screen fades slightly, and the Snipping Tool toolbar appears.

Click and drag over the area of the screen you want to capture as a picture and then

release the left mouse button. The result of the capture appears in the Snipping Tool

editor.


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Draw with Paint in Windows 7

To use Microsoft Paint an accessory that provides virtual pens and brushes to

create art click the Start button, type paint, and click Paint in the search results.The Paint window opens. You draw on the canvas by simply clicking and dragging

your mouse or using the brushes.


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Talk to Sound Recorder in Windows 7

If your computer has a microphone, you can record audio notes or reminders to

yourself with the Sound Recorder accessory,. To open this accessory, click the Startbutton, type sound, and click Sound Recorder in the search results. Sound Recorder

opens. To start recording, click the Start Recording button, face the computer, and

talk. To stop recording, click the Stop Recording button.

Take Sticky Notes with Windows 7

To use Sticky Notes an accessory that puts yellow notes directly on your

computers desktop click the Start button, type sticky, and click Sticky Notes in thesearch results. Sticky Notes opens. Start typing. Your text appears where the cursor


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is on the note. Sticky Notes doesnt have a Save command, so your notes are saved

automatically.


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Q.5 Write short cut keys with its use that are used in MS Word 2007.(Any 15)

Answer:-

Important Shortcut Keys for Microsoft Word

Most of us are expert in catching mouse. Brilliant cats! But believe me the workingspeed is greatly improved if you know keyboard short-cuts and use them whileworking. Few days ago, weve seen the keyboard shorcut keys to select text inMicrosoft Word application. And today, here are the most frequently required usefulshort-cuts.

Ctrl + A Select all contents of the pageCtrl + B Bold highlighted selectionCtrl + C Copy selected textCtrl + D Open fonts dialog box

Ctrl + E Aligns the line or selected text to the center of the screenCtrl + F Open find boxCtrl + G Open Goto dialog boxCtrl + H Open Replace dialog boxCtrl + I Italic highlighted selectionCtrl + J Aligns the selected text or line to justify the screenCtrl + K Insert linkCtrl + L Aligns the line or selected text to the left of the screenCtrl + M Indent the paragraphCtrl + N Create a new documentCtrl + O Opens Open dialog boxCtrl + P Open the print windowCtrl + R Aligns the line or selected text to the right of the screenCtrl + T Create a hanging indentCtrl + U Underline highlighted selectionCtrl + V PasteCtrl + W Close active document windowCtrl + X Cut selected textCtrl + Y Redo the last action performedCtrl + Z Undo last action


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Q.6. What are the steps to draw table in MS Word 2007? Explain with example.

Answer :-

How to Draw a Table Line by Line in Word 2007

The Draw Table command lets you draw complicated tables in your Word 2007

documents by using a simple set of drawing tools. This command is ideal for creating

tables that arent a simple grid of rows and columns.

1

Select the Insert tab, click the Insert Table button in the Tables group, and then

choose the Draw Table command.

The cursor changes to a small pencil.

2

Draw the overall shape of the table by dragging the pencil pointer to create a

rectangular boundary.

When you release the mouse button, a table with a single cell is created. In addition,

theRibbondisplays the Design tab under Table Tools.

3

Carve the table into smaller cells.

For example, to split the table into two rows, point the cursor somewhere along the

left edge of the table and then click and drag a line across the table to the right edge.

When you release the mouse button, the table splits into two rows.

You can use this technique to continue carving up the table into smaller cells.
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4

Use the LineStyleand Line Weight drop-down controls to change the style or size of

lines in the table.

These controls are the top and middle buttons on the left side of the DrawBorders

group, located on the Design tab under Table Tools. You can change the style of a

line youve already drawn by tracing over the line with a new style.

5

If you make a mistake, click the Eraser button and erase the mistaken line segment.

The Eraser button is in the Draw Borders group and looks like a table with an eraser

in the corner. Click the Draw Table button if you want to draw additional segments

after using the Eraser tool.

6

When youre done, click anywhere outside of the table.
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Q.7 Draw the following table in MS word 2007.

Answer :-

TeacherLast

Name

TeacherFirst

Name

GradeLevel

RoomNumber

ReadingBooks

Cleaver Theodore K 00 59

Haskell Eddie 1 01 73

Cleaver Wally 2 02 61

Total 193


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Q.8 What are header & footer? How do you insert a header?

Answer :-

Headers and Footers

A new report automatically has a Report Header and a Page Footer.

Special Headers and Footers

If your printed report does not fit on one page, you can use special headers andfooters. Special headers and footers are layout regions that print at the top andbottom of pages as Page breaks occur. You typically use them to display the pagenumber, reprint column titles, or tell readers that the section is continued on the nextpage:

There are three types of special headers and footers:

Page headers and footers: These are the first and last layout regions to appearon a page, respectively. Page headers and footers can be defined for the entirereport, for a particular section, for a particular layout region, or at a combinationof levels. For more information refer, toPage Headers and Footerslater in thissection.

Continuation headers and footers: These layout regions appear just below thepage header and just above the page footer, respectively. Continuationheaders and footers often contain text such as "Continued From PreviousPage". as with page headers and footers, continuation headers and footers canbe defined at different levels. For more information, refer toContinuation

Headers and Footerslater in this section. Repeating group headers and footers: These are group header and footer

layout regions which have been set to repeat each time a page break occurs.Often these layout regions are used to reprint column labels, or the groupname for the records on the page. For more information, refer toRepeatingGroup Headers and Footers.

Page Headers and Footers

Page headers and footers can be created for the entire report, for specific groupinglevels, for the Detail section, and for individual layout regions. Page headers and

footers are replaceable, meaning no matter how many you define, only one pageheader and one page footer will appear on any given page. When a Report is
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printed, Alpha Five follows these rules to determine which page header and pagefooter to print:

Header/FooterType

Function

Edit RegionHeader

Prints if the edit region is the first on the page. Replaces anyother page header you have created.

Edit Region Footer Prints if the edit region is the last on the page. Replaces anyother page footer you have created.

Detail Header Prints only if the Detail Header, or Detail Edit Region is the firstedit region on the page.

Detail Footer Prints only if the Detail Footer, or Detail Edit Region is the lastedit region on the page.

Group Header Prints only if the Group Header or Group Footer is the first editregion on the page.

Group Footer Prints only if the Group Header or Group Footer is the last editregion on the page.

Report Header Prints on every page, but can be replaced by any other pageheader/footer.

Report Footer

Creating a Report Header or Footer

To create a page header or footer for the report as a whole, a group, or a detailsection:

1. Select Report > Report Properties, Report > Group Properties, orReport >Detail Properties.

2. When the dialog box appears, display the Header/Footertab.

3. Check the Has Page HeaderorHas Page Footercheck boxes.

Creating an Edit Region Header or Footer

To create a page header or footer for a particular edit region:

1. Select Report > Region Properties.

2. In the Regions dialog box, choose the appropriate edit region.

3. When the Region Properties dialog box appears, display the Header/Footertab.

4. Check the Has Page HeaderorHas Page Footercheck boxes.

Examples of Page Headers and Footers

By defining the page header or footer in the Report section, you can create a pageheader or footer that prints on every page:[Picture]
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The report sections page header and footer is usually all you need. However, insome cases you might want to create a substitute page header or footer thatappears when a specific section prints. For example, you have a report that groupscustomers by state, and each group can span several pages. You can create a pageheader for the Group State section to print the page number for the current group:

[Picture]

Details on how to print page numbers for a group can be found in the sectionInserting Page Numbers and Inserting Todays Date later in this chapter.

Suppose instead, you only want to use the report page header and report pagefooter. The first page of your report contains the Report Header edit region whichyou use as a cover page by inserting a page break. Because the first page is a coverpage, you do not want the reports page header and footer to print. To stop themfrom printing, you can define a page header and footer for the Report Header editregion, but leave the Report Header edit regions page header and page footerblank. When the report prints, Alpha Five substitutes the blank page header andfooter for the Report sections page header and footer that you created fortheReport Header edit region.

Continuation Headers and Footers

When the information in your report does not fit on one page, you can use acontinuation header or footer to indicate to your readers that the report has beencontinued onto another page. Continuation footers appear at the bottom of the page,above the page footer, and usually contain text such as "Continued on the NextPage." Continuation headers appear at the top of the page, below the page header,and usually contain text such as "Continued From the Previous Page.
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Continuation headers and footers can be defined for the entire Report, for a sectionof the Report, or for an edit region in the Report. Unlike page headers and footers,continuation headers and footers are not replaceable, meaning it is possible to havemultiple continuation headers and footers on a page.

Alpha Five follows these rules to determine which continuation header andcontinuation footers print:

Continuation Type Function

Edit Region Header Prints only if the edit region has been split and continues fromthe previous page.

Edit Region Footer Prints only if the edit region is split onto the next page.

Detail SectionHeader

Prints on every page, except when the previous page printedevery edit region in the Detail Section, without splitting an editregion onto the current page.

Detail SectionFooter

Prints on every page, except pages on which every edit regionin the Detail Section can be printed without being split ontoanother page.

Group SectionHeader

Prints on every page, except pages on which the group footerwas the last edit region to print on the previous page, and thegroup header did not need to be split onto the current page. Ifthere is no group footer section, it functions the same as thecontinuation header for the Detail section.

Group SectionFooter Prints on every page, except pages on which the group footeris the last edit region to print on the page, and the edit regiondid not need to be split onto the current page. If there is not agroup footer, the group's continuation footers functions thesame as the continuation footer for the Detail section.

Report SectionHeader

Prints on every page of a multi-page Report, except the firstpage.

Report SectionFooter

Prints on every page of a multi-page Report, except the lastpage.


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To create a continuation header or footer for the Report, the Detail section, or agroup, select Report > Report Properties, Report > Detail Properties, orReport >Group Properties. When the Properties dialog box appears, click the Header/Footertab and check the Has Continuation HeaderorHas Continuation Footercheckboxes.

To create a continuation header or footer for an edit region, select Report > RegionProperties. In the Regions dialog box, choose the appropriate edit region. When theRegion Properties dialog box appears, click the Header/Footertab and check theHas Continuation HeaderorHas Continuation Footercheck boxes.

Examples of a Continuation Header and Footer

For example, an edit region of your report is used to print delivery notes about yourvendors. On pages where the edit region does not fit onto the page, you can usecontinuation headers and footers to tell readers that the record has been split:

You can also use continuation headers to print an abridged version of a sectionheader. For example, you have a customer list that groups customers by state.Before each group of customers, a group header prints statistics about the state.While you can set the group header to repeat on every page, you might, instead,want to print a shorter version of the group header. To do this, you use the groupscontinuation header:


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Repeating Group Headers and Footers

You can set a group header so that it reprints on pages where records are carriedover from the previous page. This is especially helpful if you use the header todisplay column titles:[Picture]

You can also set group footers to repeat on the bottom of each page.

Creating a Repeating Group Header or Footer

To make a group header or footer repeat:

1. Select Report > Group Properties.

2. In the Group dialog box, select the appropriate group.

3. When the Group Properties dialog box appears, display the Header/Footertab.

4. Check the Repeats at page/group break check box in either the Headers areaorFooters area.
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Q.9 What is mail merge? Write complete process of mail merge?

Answer :-How to use mail merge to create form letters in Word

This article describes how to use the Mail Merge feature to create form letters inMicrosoft Word.For additional information about performing other types of mail merges, aboutmerging with other types of data, and about problem solving, review the list ofarticles in the References section.For a description of the terms used in this article, see the Glossary section.The following procedure describes how to create a form letter, attach it to a datasource, format it, and merge the documents.

Start a mail merge

Start a mail merge. To do this, follow these steps, as appropriate for the version of

Word that you are running.

Microsoft Word 2002

On the Tools menu, click Letters and Mailings, and then click Mail Merge Wizard.

Microsoft Office Word 2003

On the Tools menu, click Letters and Mailings, and then click Mail Merge.

Microsoft Office Word 2007

On the Mailings tab, click Start Mail Merge, and then click Step by Step Mail Merge

Wizard.

Select document type

1. In the Mail Merge task pane, click Letters. This will allow you to send

letters to a group of people and personalize the results of the letter that

each person receives.

2. Click Next: Starting document.

Select the starting document

1. Click one of the following options:

o Use the current document: Use the currently open document as

your main document.

o Start from a template: Select one of the ready-to-use mail merge

templates.


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o Start from existing document: Open an existing document to use

as your mail merge main document.

2. In the Mail Merge task pane, click Next: Select recipients.

Select recipients

When you open or create a data source by using the Mail Merge Wizard, you are

telling Word to use a specific set of variable information for your merge. Use one of

the following methods to attach the main document to the data source.

Method 1: Use an existing data source

To use an existing data source, follow these steps:

1. In the Mail Merge task pane, click Use an existing list.

2. In the Use an existing list section, click Browse.3. In the Select Data Source dialog box, select the file that contains the

variable information that you want to use, and then click Open.

Note If the data source is not listed in the list of files, select the

appropriate drive and folder. If necessary, select the appropriate option in

the All Data Sources list. Select the file, and then click Open.

Word displays the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box. You can sort and

edit your data if you want to.

4. Click OK to return to the main document.5. Save the main document.

When you save the main document at this point, you are also saving the

data source and attaching the data source to the main document.

6. Type the name that you want to give to your main document, and then

click Save.

Method 2: Use names from a Microsoft Outlook Contacts List

To use an Outlook Contact List, follow these steps:

1. In the Mail Merge task pane, click Next: Select recipients.

2. Click Select from Outlook contacts.

3. In the Select from Outlook contacts section, click Choose Contacts

Folder.

4. In the Select Contact List Folder dialog box, select the Outlook contacts

folder that you want, and then click OK.

Word displays the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box. You can sort and

edit your data if you want.5. Click OK to return to the main document.


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Method 3: Create a database of names and addresses

To create a new database, follow these steps:

1. In the Mail Merge task pane, click Next: Select Recipients.

2. Click Type a new list.

3. Click Create.

The New Address List dialog box appears. In this dialog box, enter the

address information for each record. If there is no information for a

particular field, leave the box blank.

By default, Word skips blank fields. Therefore, the merge is not affected if

blank entries are in the data form. The set of information in each form

makes up one data record.

4. After you type the information for a record, click New Entry to move to the

next record.

To delete a record, click Delete Entry. To search for a specific record,

click Find Entry. To customize your list, click Customize. In the Customize

Address List dialog box, you can add, delete, rename, and reorder the

merge fields.

5. In the New Address List dialog box, click OK. In the Save Address List

dialog box, type the name that you want to give to your data source in the

File name box, and then click Save.

6. In the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box, make any changes that youwant, and then click OK.

7. Click Next: Write your letter to finish setting up your letter.

8. Save the main document.

When you save the main document at this point, you are also saving the

data source and attaching the data source to the main document.

9. Type the name that you want to give to your main document, and then

click Save.

To proceed to the next step, click Next: Write your letter.

Write your letter

In this step, you set up your main document.

1. Type or add any text and graphics that you want to include in your letter.

2. Add the field codes where you want the variable information to appear. In

the Mail Merge task pane, you have four options:

o Address block: Use this option to insert a formatted address.

oGreeting line: Use this option to insert a formatted salutation.


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o Electronic postage: Use this option to insert electronic postage.

Note This option requires that you have a postage software

program installed on your computer.

o More items: Use this option to insert individual merge fields. When

you click More Items, the Insert Merge Field dialog box appears.

Note Make sure that your cursor is where you want to insert the

information from your data source before you click More Items.

In the Insert Merge Field dialog box, click the merge field that you

want to use, and then click Insert.

Note You can insert all of your fields and then go back and add

any spaces or punctuation. Alternatively, you can insert one field at

a time, close the Insert Merge Fields dialog box, add any spaces or

punctuation that you want, and then repeat this step for eachadditional merge field that you want to insert. You can also format

(apply bold or italic formatting to) the merge fields, just like regular

text.

3. When you finish editing the main document, click Save or Save As on the

File menu.

Note In Word 2007, click the Microsoft Office Button, and then click Save

or Save As.Name the file, and then click Save. To proceed to the next step, click

Next: Preview your letters.

Preview your letters

This step allows you to preview your merged data, one letter at a time. You can also

make changes to your recipient list or personalize individual letters.

Main document: In a mail merge operation, the document that contains the text and

graphics that remain the same for each version of the merged document; forexample, the return address and body of a form letter

Merge field: A placeholder that you insert in the main document. Merge fields tell

Microsoft Word where to insert specific information from the data source. For

example, insert the merge field "City" to have Word insert a city name, such as

"Paris," that is stored in the City data field.

Merged document: The document that is created by merging the data from the data

source into the main document.


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Q10.Explain the main parts of spreadsheet of MS office 2007.

Answer :-

Microsoft Excel is an electronic spreadsheet. You can use it to organize your data

into rows and columns. You can also use it to perform mathematical calculationsquickly. This tutorial teaches Microsoft Excel basics. Although knowledge of how tonavigate in a Windows environment is helpful, this tutorial was created for thecomputer novice.

This lesson will introduce you to the Excel window. You use the window to interactwith Excel. To begin this lesson, start MicrosoftExcel 2007. The Microsoft Excelwindow appears and your screen looks similar to the one shown here.

Note: Your screen will probably not look exactly like the screen shown. In Excel

2007, how a window displays depends on the size of your window, the size of yourmonitor, and the resolution to which your monitor is set. Resolution determines howmuch information your computer monitor can display. If you use a low resolution,less information fits on your screen, but the size of your text and images are larger. Ifyou use a high resolution, more information fits on your screen, but the size of thetext and images are smaller. Also, settings in Excel 2007, Windows Vista, andWindows XP allow you to change the color and style of your windows.

The Microsoft Office Button
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In the upper-left corner of the Excel 2007 window is the MicrosoftOfficebutton.When you click the button, amenuappears. You can use the menu to create a newfile, open an existing file, save a file, and perform many other tasks.

The Quick Access Toolbar

Next to the Microsoft Office button is the Quick Access toolbar. The Quick Accesstoolbar gives you with access to commands you frequently use. By default, Save,Undo, and Redo appear on the Quick Access toolbar. You can use Save to saveyour file, Undo to roll back an action you have taken, and Redo to reapply an actionyou have rolled back.

The Title Bar

Next to the Quick Access toolbar is the Title bar. On the Title bar, Microsoft Exceldisplays the name of the workbook you are currently using. At the top of the Excelwindow, you should see "Microsoft Excel - Book1" or a similar name.

The Ribbon

You use commands to tell Microsoft Excel what to do. In Microsoft Excel 2007, youuse the Ribbon to issue commands. The Ribbon is located near the top of the Excelwindow, below the Quick Access toolbar. At the top of the Ribbon are several tabs;clicking a tab displays several related command groups. Within each group arerelated command buttons. You click buttons to issue commands or to access menusand dialog boxes. You may also find a dialog box launcher in the bottom-right cornerof a group. When you click the dialog box launcher, a dialog box makes additionalcommands available.

Worksheets
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Microsoft Excel consists ofworksheets. Each worksheet contains columns and rows.The columns are lettered A to Z and then continuing with AA, AB, AC and so on; therows are numbered 1 to 1,048,576. The number of columns and rows you can havein a worksheet is limited by your computer memory and your system resources.

The combination of a column coordinate and a row coordinate make up a celladdress. For example, the cell located in the upper-left corner of the worksheet iscell A1, meaning column A, row 1. Cell E10 is located under column E on row 10.You enter your data into the cells on the worksheet.

The Formula Bar

Formula Bar

If the Formula bar is turned on, the cell address of the cell you are in displays in theName box which is located on the left side of the Formula bar. Cell entries display onthe right side of the Formula bar. If you do not see the Formula bar in your window,perform the following steps:

1. Choose the View tab.2. Click Formula Bar in the Show/Hide group. The Formula bar appears.

Note: The current cell address displays on the left side of the Formula bar.

The Status Bar
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The Status bar appears at the very bottom of the Excel window and provides suchinformation as the sum, average, minimum, and maximum value of selectednumbers. You can change what displays on the Status bar by right-clicking on theStatus bar and selecting the options you want from the Customize Status Bar menu.You click a menu item to select it. You click it again to deselect it. A check mark nextto an item means the item is selected.

Move Around a Worksheet

By using the arrow keys, you can move around your worksheet. You can use thedown arrow key to move downward one cell at a time. You can use the up arrow keyto move upward one cell at a time. You can use the Tab key to move across thepage to the right, one cell at a time. You can hold down the Shift key and then press

the Tab key to move to the left, one cell at a time. You can use the right and leftarrow keys to move right or left one cell at a time. The Page Up and Page Downkeys move up and down one page at a time. If you hold down the Ctrl key and thenpress the Home key, you move to the beginning of the worksheet.

n arrow key several times. Note that the cursor moves downward one cell at atime.

The Up Arrow Key

Press the up arrow key several times. Note that the cursor moves upward one

cell at a time.


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The Tab Key

1. Move to cell A1.2. Press the Tab key several times. Note that the cursor moves to the right one

cell at a time.

The Shift+Tab Keys

Hold down the Shift key and then press Tab. Note that the cursor moves tothe left one cell at a time.

The Right and Left Arrow Keys

1. Press the right arrow key several times. Note that the cursor moves to theright.

2. Press the left arrow key several times. Note that the cursor moves to the left.

Page Up and Page Down

1. Press the Page Down key. Note that the cursor moves down one page.2. Press the Page Up key. Note that the cursor moves up one page.

The Ctrl-Home Key

1. Move the cursor to column J.2. Stay in column J and move the cursor to row 20.

3. Hold down the Ctrl key while you press the Home key. Excel moves to cell A1.


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Q.11:-Explain number, font and alignments tab in format cell dialog box of MS Excel.

Answer :-

Microsoft Excel lets you change many of the ways it displays data in a cell. For

example, you can specify the number of digits to the right of a decimal point, or you

can add a pattern and border to the cell. You can access and modify the majority of

these settings in the Format Cells dialog box (on the Format menu, click Cells).

The "More Information" section of this article provides information about each of the

settings available in the Format Cells dialog box and how each of these settings can

affect the way your data is presented.

There are six tabs in the Format Cells dialog box: Number, Alignment, Font, Border,

Patterns, and Protection. The following sections describe the settings available in

each tab.

Number Tab

Auto Number Formatting

By default, all worksheet cells are formatted with the General number format. With

the General format, anything you type into the cell is usually left as-is. For example,

if you type 36526 into a cell and then press ENTER, the cell contents are displayed

as 36526. This is because the cell remains in the General number format. However,

if you first format the cell as a date (for example, d/d/yyyy) and then type the number

36526, the cell displays 1/1/2000.

There are also other situations where Excel leaves the number format as General,

but the cell contents are not displayed exactly as they were typed. For example, if

you have a narrow column and you type a long string of digits like 123456789, the

cell might instead display something like 1.2E+08. If you check the number format in

this situation, it remains as General.

Finally, there are scenarios where Excel may automatically change the number

format from General to something else, based on the characters that you typed into

the cell. This feature saves you from having to manually make the easily recognized

number format changes. The following table outlines a few examples where this can

occur:

Excel automatically assigns

If you type this number format

-------------------------------------------


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1.0 General

1.123 General

1.1% 0.00%

1.1E+2 0.00E+00

1 1/2 # ?/?

$1.11 Currency, 2 decimal places

1/1/01 Date

1:10 Time

Generally speaking, Excel applies automatic number formatting whenever you type

the following types of data into a cell:

Currency

Percentage

Date

Time

Fraction

Scientific

Built-in Number Formats

Excel has a large array of built-in number formats from which you can choose. To

use one of these formats, click any one of the categories below General and then

select the option that you want for that format. When you select a format from the

list, Excel automatically displays an example of the output in the Sample box on the

Number tab. For example, if you type 1.23 in the cell and you select Number in the

category list, with three decimal places, the number 1.230 is displayed in the cell.

These built-in number formats actually use a predefined combination of the symbols

listed below in the "Custom Number Formats" section. However, the underlying

custom number format is transparent to you.

The following table lists all of the available built-in number formats:

Number format Notes

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Number Options include: the number of decimal places,

whether or not the thousands separator is used, and

the format to be used for negative numbers.


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Currency Options include: the number of decimal places,

the symbol used for the currency, and

the format to be used for negative numbers. This

format is used for general monetary values.

Accounting Options include: the number of decimal places, and

the symbol used for the currency. This format lines

up the currency symbols and decimal points in a

column of data.

Date Select the style of the date from the Type list box.

Time Select the style of the time from the Type list box.

Percentage Multiplies the existing cell value by 100 and

displays the result with a percent symbol. If you

format the cell first and then type the number, only

numbers between 0 and 1 are multiplied by 100.

The only option is the number of decimal places.

Fraction Select the style of the fraction from the Type listbox. If you do not format the cell as a fraction

before typing the value, you may have to type a

zero or space before the fractional part. For

example, if the cell is formatted as General and you

type 1/4 in the cell, Excel treats this as a

date. To type it as a fraction, type 0 1/4 in the

cell.

Scientific The only option is the number of decimal places.

Text Cells formatted as text will treat anything typed

into the cell as text, including numbers.

Special Select one of the following from the Type box: Zip

Code, Zip Code + 4, Phone Number, and Social Security

Number.

Custom Number Formats


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If one of the built-in number formats does not display the data in the format that you

require, you can create your own custom number format. You can create these

custom number formats by modifying the built-in formats or by combining the

formatting symbols into your own combination.

Before you create your own custom number format, you need to be aware of a few

simple rules governing the syntax for number formats:

Each format that you create can have up to three sections for numbers

and a fourth section for text.

;;;

The first section is the format for positive numbers, the second for

negative numbers, and the third for zero values.

These sections are separated by semicolons.

If you have only one section, all numbers (positive, negative, and zero)

are formatted with that format.

You can prevent any of the number types (positive, negative, zero) from

being displayed by not typing symbols in the corresponding section. For

example, the following number format prevents any negative or zero

values from being displayed:

0.00;;

To set the color for any section in the custom format, type the name of the

color in brackets in the section. For example, the following number format

formats positive numbers blue and negative numbers red:

[BLUE]#,##0;[RED]#,##0

Instead of the default positive, negative and zero sections in the format,

you can specify custom criteria that must be met for each section. The

conditional statements that you specify must be contained within brackets.

For example, the following number format formats all numbers greater

than 100 as green, all numbers less than or equal to -100 as yellow, and

all other numbers as cyan:[>100][GREEN]#,##0;[


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The following table outlines the different symbols available for use in custom number

formats.

Format Symbol Description/result

------------------------------------------------------------------------

0 Digit placeholder. For example, if you type 8.9 and

you want it to display as 8.90, then use the

format #.00

# Digit placeholder. Follows the same rules as the 0

symbol except Excel does not display extra zeros

when the number you type has fewer digits on either

side of the decimal than there are # symbols in theformat. For example, if the custom format is #.## and

you type 8.9 in the cell, the number 8.9 is

displayed.

? Digit placeholder. Follows the same rules as the 0

symbol except Excel places a space for insignificant

zeros on either side of the decimal point so that

decimal points are aligned in the column. Forexample, the custom format 0.0? aligns the decimal

points for the numbers 8.9 and 88.99 in a column.

. (period) Decimal point.

% Percentage. If you enter a number between 0 and 1,

and you use the custom format 0%, Excel multiplies

the number by 100 and adds the % symbol in the cell.

, (comma) Thousands separator. Excel separates thousands by

commas if the format contains a comma surrounded by

'#'s or '0's. A comma following a placeholder

scales the number by a thousand. For example, if the

format is #.0,, and you type 12,200,000 in the cell,

the number 12.2 is displayed.

E- E+ e- e+ Scientific format. Excel displays a number to the


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right of the "E" symbol that corresponds to the

number of places the decimal point was moved. For

example, if the format is 0.00E+00 and you type

12,200,000 in the cell, the number 1.22E+07 is

displayed. If you change the number format to #0.0E+0

the number 12.2E+6 is displayed.

$-+/():space Displays the symbol. If you want to display a

character that is different than one of these

symbols, precede the character with a backslash (\)

or enclose the character in quotation marks (" ").

For example, if the number format is (000) and you

type 12 in the cell, the number (012) is displayed.

\ Display the next character in the format. Excel does

not display the backslash. For example, if the number

format is 0\! and you type 3 in the cell, the value

3! is displayed.

* Repeat the next character in the format enough times

to fill the column to its current width. You cannothave more than one asterisk in one section of the

format. For example, if the number format is 0*x and

you type 3 in the cell, the value 3xxxxxx is

displayed. Note, the number of "x" characters

displayed in the cell vary based on the width of the

column.

_ (underline) Skip the width of the next character. This is useful

for lining up negative and positive values in

different cells of the same column. For example, the

number format _(0.0_);(0.0) align the numbers

2.3 and -4.5 in the column even though the negative

number has parentheses around it.

"text" Display whatever text is inside the quotation marks.

For example, the format 0.00 "dollars" displays

"1.23 dollars" (without quotation marks) when you


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type 1.23 into the cell.

@ Text placeholder. If there is text typed in the

cell, the text from the cell is placed in the format

where the @ symbol appears. For example, if the

number format is "Bob "@" Smith" (including

quotation marks) and you type "John" (without

quotation marks) in the cell, the value

"Bob John Smith" (without quotation marks) is

displayed.

DATE FORMATS

m Display the month as a number without a leading zero.

mm Display the month as a number with a leading zero

when appropriate.

mmm Display the month as an abbreviation (Jan-Dec).

mmmm Display the month as a full name (January-December).

d Display the day as a number without a leading zero.

dd Display the day as a number with a leading zero

when appropriate.

ddd Display the day as an abbreviation (Sun-Sat).

dddd Display the day as a full name (Sunday-Saturday).

yy Display the year as a two-digit number.

yyyy Display the year as a four-digit number.

TIME FORMATS

h Display the hour as a number without a leading zero.


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[h] Elapsed time, in hours. If you are working with a

formula that returns a time where the number of hours

exceeds 24, use a number format similar to

[h]:mm:ss.

hh Display the hour as a number with a leading zero when

appropriate. If the format contains AM or PM, then

the hour is based on the 12-hour clock. Otherwise,

the hour is based on the 24-hour clock.

m Display the minute as a number without a leading

zero.

[m] Elapsed time, in minutes. If you are working with a

formula that returns a time where the number of

minutes exceeds 60, use a number format similar to

[mm]:ss.

mm Display the minute as a number with a leading zero

when appropriate. The m or mm must appear immediatelyafter the h or hh symbol, or Excel displays the

month rather than the minute.

s Display the second as a number without a leading

zero.

[s] Elapsed time, in seconds. If you are working with a

formula that returns a time where the number of

seconds exceeds 60, use a number format similar to

[ss].

ss Display the second as a number with a leading zero

when appropriate.

NOTE: If you want to display fractions of a second,

use a number format similar to h:mm:ss.00.


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AM/PM Display the hour using a 12-hour clock. Excel

am/pm displays AM, am, A, or a for times from midnight

A/P until noon, and PM, pm, P, or p for times from noon

a/p until midnight.

Displayed Value versus Stored Value

Microsoft Excel displays a number according to the format of the cell that contains it.

Therefore, the number that you see in the cell may differ from the number stored by

Excel and from the number used in calculations that refer to the cell. For example, if

you type 1.2345 in a cell where you only want two digits to the right of the decimal to

be displayed, the cell displays the value 1.23. Note however, if you use that cell in a

calculation, the full four digits to the right of the decimal are used.

Alignment Tab

You can position text and numbers, change the orientation and specify text control in

cells by using the Alignment tab in the Format Cells dialog box.

Text Alignment

Under Text alignment, you control the horizontal, vertical alignment and indention.

The following is a list of available settings for text alignment:

Group Setting Description

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Horizontal General Text data is left-aligned, and numbers,

dates, and times are right-aligned.

Changing the alignment does not change

the type of data.

Left (Indent) Aligns contents at the left edge of the

cell. If you specify a number in the Indent

box, Microsoft Excel indents the contents

of the cell from the left by the specified

number of character spaces. The character

spaces are based on the standard font and

font size selected on the General tab ofthe Options dialog box (Tools menu).


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Center Centers the text in the selected cells.

Right Aligns contents at the right edge of the

cell.

Fill Repeats the contents of the selected cell

until the cell is full. If blank cells to

the right also have the Fill alignment,

they are filled as well.

Justify Aligns wrapped text within a cell to the

right and left. You must have more thanone line of wrapped text to see the

justification.

Center Across Centers a cell entry across the selected

Selection cells.

Vertical Top Aligns cell contents along the top of the

cell.

Center Centers cell contents in the middle of the

cell from top to bottom.

Bottom Aligns cell contents along the bottom of

the cell.

Justify Justifies the cell contents up and down

within the width of the cell.

Text Control

There are some additional miscellaneous text alignment controls in the Text Control

section of the Alignment tab. These controls are Wrap Text, Shrink to Fit and Merge

Cells.

Select Wrap Text to wrap the text in the selected cell. The number of wrapped lines

depends on the width of the column and the length of the cell contents.


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NOTE: To start a new line when the Wrap Text option is selected, press

ALT+ENTER while typing in the formula bar.

Selecting the Shrink to Fit option decreases the font size of the text in a cell until all

the contents of the cell can be displayed. This feature is helpful when you want to

avoid changing the column width for the entire column. The applied font size is not

changed.

The Merge Cells option combines two or more selected cells into a single cell. A

"merged cell" is a single cell created by combining two or more selected cells. The

cell reference for a merged cell is the upper-left cell in the original selected range.

Orientation

You can set the amount of text rotation in the selected cell by using the Orientation

section. Use a positive number in the Degree box to rotate the selected text from

lower left to upper right in the cell. Use negative degrees to rotate text from upper left

to lower right in the selected cell.

To display text vertically from top to bottom, click the vertical Text box under

Orientation. This gives a stacked appearance to text, numbers and formulas in thecell.

Font Tab

The term fontrefers to a typeface (for example, Arial), along with its attributes (point

size, font style, underlining, color, and effects). Use the Font tab in the Format Cells

dialog box to control these settings. You can see a preview of your settings by

reviewing the Preview section of the dialog box.

Typeface Styles

The list of choices in the Font Style list varies depending on the font that is selected

in the Font list. Most fonts include the following styles:

Regular

Italic

Bold

Bold italic


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Underline

In the Underline list, you can select an underlining option to format the selected text.

The following table describes each underlining option:

Underline type Description

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

None No underlining is applied.

Single A single underline is placed under each character

in the cell. The underline is drawn through the

descenders of characters like "g" and "p."

Double Double underlines are placed under each character

in the cell. The underlines are drawn through the

descenders of characters like "g" and "p."

Single Accounting A single underline is placed across the entire

width of the cell. The underline is drawn below

the descenders of characters like "g" and "p."

Double Accounting Double underlines are placed across the entirewidth of the cell. The underlines are drawn below

the descenders of characters like "g" and "p."

Color, Effects, and Normal Font Settings

Choose a color for the font by clicking a color in the Color list. You can rest the

mouse over a color to see a ToolTip with the color name. The Automatic color is

always black unless you change the window font color on the Appearance tab of theDisplay Properties dialog box. (Double-click the Display icon in the Control Panel to

open the Display Properties dialog box.)

Select the Normal font check box to set the font, font style, size, and effects to the

Normal style. This is essentially resetting the cell formatting to defaults.

Select the Strikethrough check box to draw a line through selected text or numbers.

Select the Superscript check box to format the selected text or numbers as

superscripts (above). Select the Subscript check box to format the selected text or


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numbers as subscripts (below). You typically want to use subscripts and superscripts

for individual characters in a cell. To do this, select the characters in the formula bar

and click Cells on the Format menu.

Border Tab

In Excel, you can put a border around a single cell or a range of cells. You can also

have a line drawn from the upper-left corner of the cell to the lower-right corner, or

from the lower-left corner of the cell to the upper-right corner.

You can customize these cells' borders from their default settings by changing the

line style, line thickness or line color.

The following settings are available on the Border tab of the Format Cells dialog box:

Group Setting Description

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Presets None Turns off all borders that are currently

applied to the selected cell(s).

Outline Places a border on all four sides of a

single cell or around a selected group ofcells.

Inside Places a border on all interior sides of

a group of selected cells. This button is

unavailable (dimmed) if a single cell is

selected.

Border Top Applies a border with the currentlyselected style and color to the top of the

cell(s) in the selected region.

Inside Horizontal Applies a border with the currently

selected style and color to all horizontal

sides in the interior of the currently

selected group of cells. This button is


selected.


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Bottom Applies a border with the currently

selected style and color to the bottom of the


Diagonal (bottom- Applies a border with the currently

left to upper- selected style and color from the bottom-

right) left corner to the upper-right corner for

all cells in the selection.

Left Applies a border with the currently

selected style and color to the top of the


Inside Vertical Applies a border with the currently

selected style and color to all vertical

sides in the interior of the currently

selected group of cells. This button is


selected.

Right Applies a border with the currently

selected style and color to the right

side of the cell(s) in the selected

region.

Diagonal (upper- Applies a border with the currently

left to bottom- selected style and color from the upper-

right) left corner to the lower-right corner for

all cells in the selection.

Line Style Applies the selected line style to the

border. Choose from dotted, dashed, solid

and double border lines.

Color Applies the specified color to the border.

Applying Borders


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To add a border to a single cell or a range of cells, follow these steps:

1. Select the cells that you want to format.

2. On the Format menu, click Cells.

3. In the Format Cells dialog box, click the Border tab.

NOTE: Some buttons on the Border tab are unavailable (dimmed) when

you only have a single cell selected. This is because these settings are

only applicable when you apply borders to a range of cells.

4. Select any one of the line styles in the Style list.

5. Click the Color drop-down arrow and select any one of the colors.

6. Click any one of buttons listed under Presets or Border.

This displays a line with your settings in the sample region.7. If you want to remove a specific border, click the button for that border a

second time.

8. If you want to change the line color or style, click the style or color that

you want, and then click the button for the border again.

Patterns Tab

Use the Patterns tab in the Format Cells dialog box to set the background color of

the selected cells. You can also use the Pattern list to apply two-color patterns orshading for the background of the cell.

NOTE: The color palette on the Patterns tab is the same color palette from the Color

tab of the Options dialog box. Click Options on the Tools menu to access the

Options dialog box.

To shade cells with patterns, follow these steps:

1. Select the cells to which you want to apply shading.2. On the Format menu, click Cells, and then click the Patterns tab.

3. To include a background color with the pattern, click a color in the Cell

shading box.

4. Click the arrow next to the Pattern box, and then click the pattern style

and color that you want.

If you do not select a pattern color, the pattern is black.

You can return the background color formatting for the selected cells to their default

state by clicking No Color.


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Protection Tab

The Protection tab offers you two options for protecting your worksheet data and

formulas:

Locked

Hidden

However, neither of these two options takes effect unless you also protect your

worksheet. To protect a worksheet, point to Protection on the Tools menu, click

Protect Sheet, and then select the Contents check box.

Locked

By default, all cells in a worksheet have the Locked option turned on. When this

option is turned on (and the worksheet is protected), you cannot do the following:

Change the cell data or formulas.

Type data in an empty cell.

Move the cell.

Resize the cell.

Delete the cell or its contents.


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Q.12 Draw the Pie chart, Bar Chart for the given table in MS

Excel 2007

Answer :-

Reading Books

Cleaver Theodore K 0

Haskell Eddie 1 1

Cleaver Wally 2 2

Cleaver Wally 2 Total

Grade Level

Cleaver Theodore

Haskell Eddie

Cleaver Wally

0 50 100 150 200 250

0

1

2

Total

K

1

2

Theo

doreEddie

Wally

Cleav

er

Haskell

Cleaver

Reading Books

Reading Books


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Q.13:- How do you see a preview & print a workbook in MS Excel?Answer :-

Preview worksheet pages before printing

1. Click the worksheet or select the worksheets that you want to preview.

How to select worksheets

TO SELECT DO THIS

A single sheet Click the sheet tab.

If you don't see the tab that you want, click the tab scrolling buttonsto display the tab, and then click the tab.

Two or moreadjacent sheets

Click the tab for the first sheet. Then hold down SHIFT while youclick the tab for the last sheet that you want to select.

Two or morenonadjacentsheets

Click the tab for the first sheet. Then hold down CTRL while youclick the tabs of the other sheets that you want to select.

All sheets in aworkbook

Right-click a sheet tab, and then click Select All Sheets on theshortcut menu.

2. Click File, and then click Print.

Keyboard shortcut You can also press CTRL+F2.

Note Unless you are configured to print on a color printer, the previewwindow will display in black and white, regardless of whether yourworksheet(s) includes color.

3. To preview the next and previous pages, at the bottom of the Print Preview window,click Next Page and Previous Page.

Note Next Page and Previous Page are available only when you select morethan one worksheet, or when a worksheet contains more than one page ofdata. To view multiple worksheets, under Settings, click Entire workbook.

4. To exit print preview and return to your workbook, click any other tab above thepreview window.

5. To view page margins, at the bottom of the Print Preview window, click the Show

Margins button.
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To change margins, you can drag the margins to the height and width thatyou want. You can also change the column widths by dragging the handles atthe top or bottom of the print preview page.

TIP To make page setup changes, including changing page orientation and page

size, select the appropriate options under Settings.

Print a worksheet or workbook

Print

You can print entire or partial worksheets and workbooks, one at a time, or several atonce. And if the data that you want to print is in a Microsoft Excel table, you can printjust the Excel table.

You can also print a workbook to a file instead of to a printer. This is useful when you

need to print the workbook on a different type of printer from the one that youoriginally used to print it.

In this article

Before you print Print a partial or entire worksheet or workbook Print several worksheets at once Print several workbooks at once

Print an Excel table Print a workbook to a file

Before you print

Before you print a worksheet that contains large quantities of data or charts, you canquickly fine-tune the worksheet in the Page Layout view to achieve professional-looking results. In this view, you can see your data in the context of printed pages.You can easily add or change page headers and footers, hide or display row and

column headers, change the page orientation of printed pages, change the layoutand format of data, use the rulers to measure the width and height of the data, andset margins for printing.

To present all of your data on the printed pages, make sure that the data is visible onthe screen. For example, if text or numbers are too wide to fit in a column, theprinted text will be truncated and the printed numbers will appear as number signs(##). To avoid printing truncated text and number signs in place of text, you canincrease the column width to accommodate the data. You can also increase the rowheight by wrapping the text to fit the column width, to make the text visible on thescreen and on the printed pages.
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Column sizing Row sizing

To make your data easy to read or scan, you may want to apply different formattingto help draw attention to important information. However, keep in mind that someformatting (such as colored text or cell shading) that looks good on the screen maynot produce the printed results that you expect when you print on a black-and-whiteprinter. If you use colored text or cell shading, be sure to use colors that contrast wellfor printing on a black-and-white printer.

You may also want to print a worksheet with gridlines displayed so that the data,rows, and columns stand out better.

Additional resources

Preview worksheet pages before printing Print a worksheet in landscape or portrait orientation Insert, move, or delete manual page breaks in a worksheet Use headers and footers in worksheet printouts

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