Computer Skills Revision

By: Rana Hammady

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Chapter 1

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• Definitions

• Computer tasks

• Uses of computer system

• History of computers and computer generations

Introduction to Computer and Information Technology

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Definitions

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Information Technology

Is a term that encompasses all forms of technology used to create, store, exchange, and use information in its various forms (business data, voice conversations, still images, motion pictures, multimedia presentations, and other forms, including those not yet conceived). It's a convenient term for including both telephony and computer technology in the same word.

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Computer

An electronic machine that is capable of performing arithmetic and logical operations on an entered set of data that is processed and outputs information useful for the user.

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Descrip(on In  Math  Computer

Addi(on + +

Subtrac(on - -­‐

Mul(plica(on × *

Division ÷ /

Arithmetic operations

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operations that have a result of either TRUE or False but not together

Descrip(on In  Math  ComputerGreater  than > >

Greater  than  or  equal ≥ >=

Less  than < <Less  than  or  

equal ≤ <=Equal = =

Not  equal ≠ <>

Logical operations

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Data

Set of Facts (ID, Name, Address,....etc.), Observations (cloudy, fast), Remarks or comments (first year students get r higher marks..) Ideas (letter, poem,...)

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Processing

Performing computer operations like arithmetic & logical operations on an entered set of data ,in order to output information that is useful for the user.

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Information

Is a set of results that are output from the computer after processing the data.

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Comparison

Data Informa(on

Marks Sum,  Average,  Sor(ng  marks

Students  names Arranging  them  in  alphabe(c    order

Dirty  picture Clean  picture

Noisy  song Filtered  song

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UserIs the one who makes use of the computer, entering data and getting information like:

1) Human2) Another computer

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Computer Tasks

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Input OutputProcess

Storage

It accepts the data from the user

The computer has memory chips, which are designed to hold data until it is needed

The computer has an electronic brain called the Central Processing

Unit, which is responsible for processing all data and

instructions given to the computer

Returns the processed information to the user

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Uses of Computer

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In Education• Teaching subjects to students easily by

showing charts, diagrams and figures

• Teaching by practical training

• Searching for concepts or things students wish to know

• Students will be able to gain knowledge of various subjects and things which are other than school syllabus

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In Business

• From the stage of manufacturing to the stage of its sale

• Managers’ schedule, control, communicate, manage data and all the information about the company and the competitors

• Keep records of all employees

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In Hospitals

• Handling Medical Data

• Scanning and Imaging

• Examination and Monitoring

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In Hospital (Advantages)• Precise ‘tests’ and medical examinations

• Faster medical alerts, which are more accurate time-wise

• Enhanced data about patients medical history

• Precision in diagnosis

• Precision in billing

• Automated updating of medical history

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In Airports• Keep track of the planes’ locations, speed,

direction, status, etc

• Monitor security devices like cameras, x-ray machines and metal detectors

• Keep up with departure/arrival status

• Communicate over screens audio systems and paging devices

• It is used for saving who have booked the tickets

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Computer History

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Generation

A generation refers to the state of improvement in the development of a product.  This term is also used in the different advancements of computer technology. 

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First Generation

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First Generation

• The vacuum tubes

• huge, expensive, slow, undependable

• produces heat like light bulb

• works like amplifier and switch

• ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC

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Second Generation

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Second Generation• Transistors

• Functions like a vacuum tube

• Faster

• More reliable

• Smaller

• Cheaper ==> 1 transistor = 40 vacuum tubes

• Conduct electricity easier and better

• No heat

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Third Generation

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Third Generation• Semiconductor ships and integrated circuits

• Thousands or even millions of conductors compacted in 1 chip

• Increased power of computer

• Cheaper

• Number has doubled every 2 years

• Shrink size and cost

• Curry out instructions in billionth of a second

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Fourth Generation

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Fourth Generation• Microprocessor

• millions of transistors put onto one integrated circuit chip

• invention of microprocessor

• faster-more calculations

• it led to the invention of pc’s or microcomputers

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Microprocessor

• A single chip that could do all the processing of a full-scale computer, by putting millions of transistors onto one single chip

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Chapter 2

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• Computer Hardware

• Computer Software

• Computer User

Computer System Components

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Computer Hardware

• Input Unit

• Processing Unit

• Memory Unit

• Output Unit

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Input devices Vs. Output devices• Keyboard

• Mouse

• Scanner

• Microphone

• CD-ROM

• Joystick

• Monitor

• Speaker

• Printer

★ Impact (Dot Matrix)

★ Non Impact (Inkjet - Laser)

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Processing Unit

• CPU

• ALU

• Control Unit

• Registers (Data, Address, program counter, General purpose)

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Memory Unit

• Main memory (RAM - ROM)

• Secondary memory (hard disk - floppy disk - tape - CD-ROM)

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Computer Software

• System Software (An operating System)

• Application Software

• General purpose Software (Word processing- Spread sheets ......)

• Special purpose Software

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Computer User

• Human

• Computer

• Machine

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Chapter 3

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(1)Size

(2)Data Handled

(3)Purpose of use

Classification of Computers

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(1) Size

• Microcomputers (personal computer)

• Minicomputers

• Mainframe computers

• Supercomputers

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(2) Data Handled

• Analog

• Digital

• Hybrid

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(3) Purpose of use

• General purpose computers

• Special purpose computers

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Chapter 4

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• Advantages and disadvantages

• Classification of computer network

• Network Cabling

• Topology

Computer Networks

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• Sharing resources

• Saving cost

• Sharing software

• Sharing data

• Communication

• Expensive cabling

• Problems with server

• Security measures needed

• Vulnerable to hackers and viruses

Advantages Vs. Disadvantages

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Classification of Computer Network(1) By Geographical range

• PAN

• LAN

• MAN

• WAN

(2) By Functional relationship

• Client- Server

• Multi-tier architecture

• Peer to peer

(3) By Network Topology

• Bus network

• Star network

• Tree network

• Ring network

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Network Cabling

• Twisted pair cable

• Coaxial cable

• Fiber Optic cable

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Linear bus topology

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Star Topology

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Tree Topology

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Chapter 5

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• Computer Viruses

• Denial of service attack

• Malware

• Spam

• Fraud

Computer Crimes

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• How made?

• Why made?

• Properties

• Types (Macro -Trojan-Worm)

• Examples (Monkes- ABC- Crabs- CIH)

• How to know?

• Sources (Internet- Secondary storage- Networks)

• Virus protection (Antivirus)

• Minimizing vulnerability

Computer Viruses

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Computer EthicsYou shall NOT:

• Use computer to harm people

• Snoop around in other people’s computer files

• Use a computer to steal

You shall:

• Using other’s computers should be with authorization or proper compensation

• Always use a computers in ways that show consideration and respect for fellow humans

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Chapter 6

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• Task bar

• Desktop

• Icon

• Aero (snap-shake-peak)

• Jump-lists

• Recycle bin

• Shortcut

• Gadgets

• Command buttons

• Menus

• Dialog boxes

• Check box

• Option button

• Text box

• Spin box

• List box

• Screen tip

• Window

• GUI

Some KeywordsSome keywords

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Some keywords• Screen saver

• Scroll bar

• Drag and Drop

• Start button and Start menu

• All programs

• Active window

• Snipping tool

• Minimize, maximize, restore

• Navigation pane

• Windows explorer

• Details pane

• Clipboard

• Compress and Extract

• Address bar

• Tool bar

• Tags

• Views

• Search box

• Libraries

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Chapters 7, 8, 9Questions ?

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Chapter 10

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Main points• Server

• Client

• ARPANET

• ASCII

• Blacklist

• Browser

• Domain

• E-mail

• Firewall

• Modem

• Protocol

• PPP

• TCP/IP

• URL

• WWW

• Internet

• Difference between WWW and the internet

• Types of Networks (LAN-MAN-WAN)

• Uses of internet

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Questions ?

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