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Computer SoftwareComputer Software
• Describe several important trends occurring in computer software.
• Give examples of several major types of application and system software.
• Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing.
• Outline the functions of an operating system.
• Describe the main uses of software programming languages and tools.
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
• Types of software– Application software– System software
• Application software for end users– Application-specific– General-purpose
• Perform common information processing jobs• Sometimes known as productivity packages
SoftwareSoftware
• Suites are a number of productivity packages bundled together– Microsoft Office– Lotus SmartSuite– Corel WordPerfect Office– Sun StarOffice
Software Suites and Integrated PackagesSoftware Suites and Integrated Packages
• Advantages of suites– Cost– Similar graphical user interface– Share common tools– Programs are designed to work together
• Disadvantages of suites– Large size– Many features never used by many end users
Software Suites and Integrated Packages Software Suites and Integrated Packages (continued)(continued)
• Integrated Packages– Combine SOME of the features of several
programs– Cannot do as much as individual packages or
suites
Software Suites and Integrated Packages Software Suites and Integrated Packages (continued)(continued)
• Key software interface to the hyperlinked resources of the World Wide Web and the rest of the Internet– Internet Explorer– Netscape Communicator
Web BrowsersWeb Browsers
• E-Mail– Has changed the way people work and
communicate
• Instant Messaging– An e-mail/computer conferencing hybrid
technology– Allows real time
communication/collaboration
Electronic Mail and Instant MessagingElectronic Mail and Instant Messaging
• Word Processing– Has computerized the creation, editing, revision,
and printing of documents.– Advanced features
• Desktop Publishing– Design and print newsletters, brochures, manuals,
and books
Word Processing and Desktop PublishingWord Processing and Desktop Publishing
• Used for business analysis, planning, and modeling
• Involves designing its format and developing the relationships (formulas)
Electronic SpreadsheetsElectronic Spreadsheets
• Helps convert numeric data into graphic displays
• Helps prepare multimedia presentations
• Easy to use
Presentation GraphicsPresentation Graphics
• For end user productivity and collaboration– Store, organize, and retrieve information• Information about customers• Appointments• Contact lists• Task lists• Schedules
Personal Information ManagersPersonal Information Managers
• Collaboration software• Helps workgroups and teams work together
to accomplish group assignments• Combines a variety of software features and
functions– E-mail– Discussion groups and databases– Scheduling– Task management– Audio and videoconferencing– Data sharing
GroupwareGroupware
• Programs that manage and support a computer system and its information processing activities
• Serves as the software interface between computer networks and hardware and the application programs of end users
System Software OverviewSystem Software Overview
• Two major categories– System management programs
• Operating systems• Network management programs• Database management systems• System utilities
– System development programs• Programming language translators & editors• CASE (computer-aided software engineering)
System Software Overview (continued)System Software Overview (continued)
• Integrated system of programs that– Manages the operations of the CPU– Controls the input/output and storage
resources and activities of the computer system
– Provides various support services as the computer executes application programs
Operating SystemsOperating Systems
• Performs five basic functions– Provides a user interface• Allows humans to communicate with the
computer– Command-driven– Menu-driven– Graphical user interface
Operating Systems (continued)Operating Systems (continued)
• Five basic functions (continued)– Resource management• Manages the hardware and networking
resources of the system• Virtual memory capability
Operating Systems (continued)Operating Systems (continued)
• Five basic functions (continued)
– File management• Controls the creation, deletion, and access of
files of data and programs• Keeps track of the physical location of files
Operating Systems (continued)Operating Systems (continued)
• Five basic functions (continued)
– Task management• Manages the accomplishment of the
computing tasks of end users• Multitasking
– Multiprogramming– Timesharing
Operating Systems (continued)Operating Systems (continued)
• Popular Operating Systems– Windows
• 95, 98, ME• NT• 2000• XP
• Popular operating systems (continued)– UNIX– Linux– Mac OS X
Operating Systems (continued)Operating Systems (continued)
• Controls the development, use, and maintenance of databases.
• Helps organizations use their integrated collections of data records and files
• Allows different user application programs to easily access the same database
• Simplifies the process of retrieving information from databases
Database Management SystemsDatabase Management Systems
• Utility Programs– Perform miscellaneous housekeeping and
file conversion functions• Data backup• Data recovery• Virus protection• Data compression• Data defragmentation
– Performance monitors and security monitors
Other System Management ProgramsOther System Management Programs
• Allows a programmer to develop the sets of instructions that constitute a computer program
• Machine Language– First generation language– Written using binary codes unique to each
computer
Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages
– Assembler Language• Second generation• Requires language translator programs called
assemblers• Allows a computer to convert the instructions
into machine instructions• Frequently called symbolic language
Programming Languages (continued)Programming Languages (continued)
– High-level Languages• Third generation• Uses instructions, called statements, that
use brief statements or arithmetic expressions• Uses translator programs called compilers or
interpreters• Syntax and semantics
Programming Languages (continued)Programming Languages (continued)
• Fourth-generation Languages (4GLs)– More nonprocedural and conversational than
prior languages– Natural languages– Ease of use gained at the expense of some
loss in flexibility
Programming Languages (continued)Programming Languages (continued)
• Object-Oriented Languages (OOP)– Ties data elements to the procedures or
actions that will be performed on them into “objects”
– Easier to use and more efficient for programming GUIs
Programming Languages (continued)Programming Languages (continued)
• Helps programmers develop computer programs
• Two basic categories– Programming language translators– Programming tools
Programming SoftwareProgramming Software
• Language Translator Programs– Assembler• Translates symbolic instruction codes into
machine language instructions
– Compiler• Translates high-level language statements
– Interpreter• Translates and executes each statement in a
program one at a time
Programming Software (continued)Programming Software (continued)
• Programming Tools– Programming editors and debuggers– Provides a computer-aided programming
environment– Code generators– Libraries of reusable objects & code
Programming Software (continued)Programming Software (continued)
The End