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Computer Terminologies (1)
• CPU - Central Processing Unit
• RAM - Random Access Memory
• ROM - Read-Only Memory
• CD-ROM drive
• Floppy disk drive
• Hard disk drive
• Bus
Computer Terminologies (2)
• System unit
• Motherboard (Mainboard)
• Expansion slot
• Network Card
• Video Card
• Sound Card
• Parallel port and Serial port
An Idealized Computer
Information Flow
What’s in that box?
Network Interface Cards
communicate through a serial connection
Each card requires an IRQ, an I/O address, and an upper memory address to work with DOS/WIN95.
To configure TCP/IP LAN settings in a Windows machine, use the Control Panel icon, Network.
Network Interface CardsConsiderations:
type of network (Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI)
type of media (CAT5, fiber, wireless)
type of system bus either PCI/ISA or PCMCIA, which is used on laptops)
To change a PCs network speed from 10Mbps to 100Mbps, you need to upgrade the NIC.
NIC: Network Interface Card
• IRQ
• I/O address
• Memory address
PCMCIAPCMCIAPersonal Computer Memory Card
International Association
Select a NIC
• Type of Network:– Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI
• Type of media:– Twisted-pair, Coaxial, Fiber-optic cable
• Type of system bus:– PCI, ISA
Information stored in computers
• Symbols or "bits", are 1 and 0.
Data Networks
1 Byte = 8 Bits. Information Unit
Numbering System
Binary Numbering System
Binary Number System• Computer systems only
understand “on” and “off” or “1s” and “0s.”
• Computer systems use a binary numbering system rather than decimal.
• Decimal numbering system uses 10 symbols; they are 0-9.
• Computer systems use a Base 2 system.
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8 bits = 1 byte
A bit is a binary digit used in the binary numbering system, either 0 or 1.
Binary Number System
Binary Number System
The binary number 10010001 in Base 2 = 145.
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
(1, 128) = 128 + (0, 64) = 0 + (0, 32) = 0 + (1, 16) = 16 + (0, 8) = 0 + (0, 4) = 0 + (0, 2) = 0 + (1, 1) = 1 = 145
Binary Number System
The decimal number 35 in Base 2
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
Binary Number System
If the right-most digit is odd, then the number is odd. (255)
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Binary Number System
If the right-most digit is even, then the number is even. (142)
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
Preparation for LAB
• 1: Installation of NIC
• 2: Configuring network settings
Q & A