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BASICS OF COMPUTERS

&PROGRAMMING IN C (CST-105)

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Topics to be covered

Defination of Computer

Characterstics of Computer

Block Diagram of Computer

Peripheral Devices

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Computer ! "# "$%"#e$ e'etro# $e%e t"t t"e! te r"* $"t" "! #put+rom te u!er "#$ proe!! te!e $"t" u#$er te o#tro' o+ !et o+ #!truto#!

("''e$ pro,r"m) "#$ ,%e! te re!u't (output) "#$ !"%e! te output +or te

+urter u!e.

/"t"

Data is a collection of raw facts and figures.

Eg: population survey (Number of people, age group, income level and so on.)

Data forms the basis for any analysis.

I#+orm"to#

rocessed data in a definite form and shape, becomes useful and acts as a basic for

decision ma!ing process.Eg: (above data ) "ountry#s economy position, educational standards, male$female

ratio etc.

%nformation is re&uired for ma!ing effective decisions as well as driving an

organi'ation towards success.

Computer

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"omputer is an electronic device that can perform a variety of operations in accordance with aset of instructions called program.

he term computer is derived from the term compute#, this means to calculate.

%t can process both numerical and non*numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.

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Computer(Data Processor)

DATA INPUT OUTPUT INFORMATION

F, A Computer o#%ert! $"t" #to #+orm"to#.

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Computer(Data Processor)

DATA INPUT OUTPUT INFORMATION

F, A Computer o#%ert! $"t" #to #+orm"to#.

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C"r"ter!t! o+ Computer!

+utomatic peed - in terms of microseconds(10-6),nanoseconds(10-),

picoseconds(10-1!).MIP" +ccuracy ** depends upon its design. Diligence - free from tiredness and lac! of concentration. ersatility torage "apacity(power of remembering) No %/ No feeling

#

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Block diagram

and

working of computer system

#

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I$putt%$&"tor%$&Process%$&Outputt%$&

Co$tro''%$&

Basic Operations

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Block Diagram

I$putU$%t

OutputU$%t"eco$ar*

"tora&e

Pr%mar*

"tora&e

Co$t

A+U

Co$tro'U$%t

CPU

"tora&e

U$%t

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Prm"r Compo#e#t! O+ A Computer

%nput devices. "entral rocessing 0nit (containing the

control unit and the arithmetic$logic

unit). 1emory. 2utput devices. torage devices.

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1!

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, his is the process of entering data and programs in to the computer system., %t ta!es as inputs raw data and performs some processing, giving out processed

data., herefore, the input unit ta!es data from us to the computer in an organi'ed

manner for processing., +s "omputer accepts the input in binary codes , unit called Input Interface

performs this tas!. E3amples: 4eyboard, mouse, 5oystic!, scanner, touch screen etc

I#put U#t

1!

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he process of saving data and instructions permanently is !nown as storage. 6or faster access and processing, data is first stored in the storage unit. torage devices are divided into two classes:

, rimary Devices : e.g. 7+1,721, econdary Devices: e.g. 8DD, 6loppy Dis!, "D*721, "D*7, DD etc.

he storage unit performs the following ma5or functions:

9 +ll data and instructions are stored here before and after processing.

9 %ntermediate results of processing are also stored here.

Stor",e U#t

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Proe!!#, U#t

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he tas! of performing operations li!e arithmeticand logical operations is called processing.

2or#, he "entral rocessing 0nit ("0)

ta!es data and instructions

from the storage unit and ma!es all sorts

of calculations based on the instructions given and the type of data

provided. %t is then sent bac! to the storage unit.

%t is further divided into two units:

"ontrol 0nit ("0)

+rithmetic ogical 0nit (+0)

he +0 and the "0 of a computer system are 5ointly

!nown as the central processing unit.

1.

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he ne3t component of computer is the "ontrol 0nit, which acts li!e the supervisorseeing that things are done in proper fashion.

"ontrol 0nit is responsible for coordinating various operations using time signal. %t

determines the se&uence in which computer programs and instructions are e3ecuted. hings li!e processing of programs stored in the main memory, interpretation of the

instructions and issuing of signals for other units of the computer to e3ecute them. %t coordinates the activities of computer#s peripheral e&uipment as they perform the

input and output.

Co#tro' U#t

1.

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+fter you enter data through the input device it is stored in the primary storage unit. he actual processing of the data and instruction are performed by +rithmetic

ogical 0nit. he ma5or operations performed by the +0 are addition, subtraction,

multiplication, division, logic and comparison. Data is transferred to +0 from storage unit when re&uired. +fter processing the output is returned bac! to storage unit for further processing or

getting stored.

Artmet 3o,"' U#t (A3U)

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6ormed by output devices attached to computer. 2utput can also be also stored inside the computer for further

processing.

2utput of "0(Electric binary signals) needs conversion in someform i.e. character, audio visual or graphics. E3amples: rinters, 1onitors, "D etc.

;