Computers and BusinessComputers and Business

RetailRetail

KiosksKiosks Point-of-sale terminalsPoint-of-sale terminals UPCUPC Debit cardsDebit cards Social computingSocial computing Electronic data interchangeElectronic data interchange

Banking and FinanceBanking and Finance

Cashless societyCashless society Phone transfersPhone transfers ATMATM Debit cardDebit card

Stock MarketStock Market

Share trackingShare tracking Wireless transactions on trading Wireless transactions on trading

floorfloor Online tradingOnline trading

ManufacturingManufacturing

RoboticsRobotics MultimediaMultimedia Computer aided Computer aided

design/manufacturingdesign/manufacturing Just-in-time manufacturingJust-in-time manufacturing Virtual realityVirtual reality

Advertising and MarketingAdvertising and Marketing

TelevisionTelevision RadioRadio PrintPrint InternetInternet

Goals of TechnologyGoals of Technology

Increase productivityIncrease productivity Reduce resources needed to Reduce resources needed to

complete taskscomplete tasks Improve standard of livingImprove standard of living Improve efficiencyImprove efficiency Increase reliabilityIncrease reliability

Usual Result of Usual Result of Technological AdvancesTechnological Advances

Cost of product goes downCost of product goes down Market expandsMarket expands Jobs are createdJobs are created

new typesnew types more workers of each typemore workers of each type

Society and Changing Society and Changing TechnologyTechnology

Higher standard of livingHigher standard of living Better servicesBetter services Better goodsBetter goods Potential for higher incomesPotential for higher incomes Production of goods is more Production of goods is more

knowledge basedknowledge based

Changing Nature of WorkChanging Nature of Work

Elimination of jobsElimination of jobs Creation of jobsCreation of jobs Reduced work hoursReduced work hours More leisureMore leisure Increased need for trainingIncreased need for training

Computer vs. Other Computer vs. Other TechnologiesTechnologies

Eliminate wider variety of jobsEliminate wider variety of jobs Eliminate more high skilled jobsEliminate more high skilled jobs Pace of improvement in speed and Pace of improvement in speed and

capacity is much fastercapacity is much faster Continual retrainingContinual retraining

Job CreationJob Creation

ATM machine ATM machine buildersbuilders

ProgrammersProgrammers DesignersDesigners MarketersMarketers ManufacturersManufacturers Computer repair Computer repair

peoplepeople TrainersTrainers

Network Network technicianstechnicians

Cable techniciansCable technicians Help desk supportHelp desk support TelemarketersTelemarketers Customer serviceCustomer service Web page Web page

designersdesigners

Job DestructionJob Destruction

Gas/meter readerGas/meter reader Sales clerksSales clerks Bank tellersBank tellers RailroadRailroad Travel agentsTravel agents Police officersPolice officers LibrariansLibrarians MechanicsMechanics

Toll booth Toll booth operatorsoperators

Gas station Gas station attendantsattendants

SecretariesSecretaries ReceptionistsReceptionists DraftersDrafters Film processorsFilm processors

Income and ProductivityIncome and Productivity

Hourly wages droppedHourly wages dropped Work less to do same thingWork less to do same thing Productivity increasesProductivity increases Efficiency increasesEfficiency increases

Lower wages? Increase business? Lower wages? Increase business? Lower costs?Lower costs?

Jobs of the FutureJobs of the Future

Some knowledge of computer Some knowledge of computer technologytechnology

Fewer jobs for people with lower Fewer jobs for people with lower skills and educationskills and education

Pay levelPay level high - highly skilledhigh - highly skilled low - no skilllow - no skill

Lifetime of LearningLifetime of Learning

Necessary to succeed?Necessary to succeed?

Computers and Job HuntingComputers and Job Hunting

Fastest growing occupations Fastest growing occupations through 2006through 2006 computer scientistscomputer scientists computer engineerscomputer engineers systems analystssystems analysts network specialistsnetwork specialists

Growth in EmploymentGrowth in Employment

Data entry personnelData entry personnel Computer operatorsComputer operators Computer techniciansComputer technicians Systems analystsSystems analysts ProgrammersProgrammers Database administratorsDatabase administrators

Finding that JobFinding that Job

Job-search service on InternetJob-search service on Internet Regional infoRegional info AdviseAdvise Interview helpInterview help Resume helpResume help

Emergence of TeleworkEmergence of Telework

Work away from normal officeWork away from normal office At home (programmers)At home (programmers) From home (salespeople)From home (salespeople) At Work Centers (telecottages or At Work Centers (telecottages or

satellite offices)satellite offices)

Telework IssuesTelework Issues

Worker anonymityWorker anonymity Employers can better monitorEmployers can better monitor

Employees, work, communications, Employees, work, communications, movementsmovements

Affects productivity, privacy, morale of Affects productivity, privacy, morale of employeesemployees

Emergence of health issuesEmergence of health issues

Benefits to CompanyBenefits to Company

Reduced overhead - creates office Reduced overhead - creates office spacespace

Skill retentionSkill retention Increased productivityIncreased productivity Reduces rush hour trafficReduces rush hour traffic Expanded geographic rangeExpanded geographic range Reduced absenteeismReduced absenteeism Improved moraleImproved morale

Benefits to EmployeesBenefits to Employees

No commute time/costsNo commute time/costs Reduced clothing costsReduced clothing costs Reduced child care costsReduced child care costs Greater autonomy and freedomGreater autonomy and freedom Decreased distractionsDecreased distractions Flexible locationFlexible location

Benefits to EveryoneBenefits to Everyone

Reduction of trafficReduction of traffic Reduction of costs of transportation Reduction of costs of transportation

infrastructureinfrastructure Reduction of environmental Reduction of environmental

damagedamage

Equipment NeededEquipment Needed

ComputerComputer ModemModem PrinterPrinter Internet serviceInternet service Telephone line(s)Telephone line(s) FaxFax E-mailE-mail Answering machineAnswering machine File transfer capabilitiesFile transfer capabilities

Safety IssuesSafety Issues

Ergonomic equipment (covered Ergonomic equipment (covered later)later)

SecuritySecurity

Telework Job Telework Job CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Large degree of autonomyLarge degree of autonomy Intrinsically satisfyingIntrinsically satisfying Routine communicationsRoutine communications Agreed job specs and time tablesAgreed job specs and time tables Involve travelInvolve travel Require quiet time to thinkRequire quiet time to think

ProblemsProblems

IsolationIsolation No direction from supervisorNo direction from supervisor Low moraleLow morale Work too little or too muchWork too little or too much Reduction in important inter-office Reduction in important inter-office

communicationcommunication Reduced opportunities for Reduced opportunities for

advancementadvancement

Employee MonitoringEmployee Monitoring

Creation of new ways to monitorCreation of new ways to monitor Old ways are more efficientOld ways are more efficient

Employee Monitoring Employee Monitoring MethodsMethods

Electronic - details of performance Electronic - details of performance (keystrokes, time spent)(keystrokes, time spent)

Physical surveillancePhysical surveillance CamerasCameras Car locationCar location Electronic ID badgesElectronic ID badges

Customer service telephone workCustomer service telephone work Access to info (i.e. files, email)Access to info (i.e. files, email)

Health IssuesHealth Issues

RadiationRadiation Wrist problemsWrist problems Repetitive Strain InjuryRepetitive Strain Injury Blurred visionBlurred vision

Responses to Health IssuesResponses to Health Issues

Ergonometric solutionsErgonometric solutions Role of management in supervisionRole of management in supervision Legal issues - lawsuitsLegal issues - lawsuits