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Computing FundamenatlsComputing Fundamenatls
CMSC 201CMSC 201Computer Science IComputer Science I
Penny RheingansPenny RheingansUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyUniversity of Maryland Baltimore County(with inspiration from previous 201 instructors (with inspiration from previous 201 instructors and theand the creators of UMBC’s CMSC 101 and HMC’s CS5) creators of UMBC’s CMSC 101 and HMC’s CS5)
Learning Learning ObjectivesObjectivesTo have a very basic overview of the
components of a computer systemTo understand how data is represented
and stored in memoryTo be aware of elements of the UMBC
computing environment
Computing SystemsComputing SystemsHardware Components
◦ Central Processing Unit (CPU)◦ Auxiliary Processors (GPU, etc)◦ Memory◦ Bus◦ Secondary Storage (hard disk, flash drive, ...)◦ Network Connection◦ External Devices: keyboard, monitor, printer
Software Components◦ Operating System: Linux, MacOS, Windows,
etc◦ Applications
Binary RepresentationBinary RepresentationAll information is store in a binary
representation (ie, it’s all 1s and 0s): code, text, images, sounds
For each type of item/object, there are specific formats that define who to represent that thing (character, digit, sound, image, etc) in binary
But why use binary?
But why binary ?
Place Value NotationPlace Value Notation
Converting from BinaryConverting from BinaryWhat are the decimal equivalents of:
◦ 101◦ 1111◦ 10 0000◦ 10 1010
Converting to BinaryConverting to BinaryWhat are the binary equivalents of
◦ 9◦ 27◦ 68◦ 1000
UMBC Computing UMBC Computing EnvironmentEnvironmentWe will develop our programs using
UMBC’s GL system◦ GL is running the Linux Operating System
GUI interface – Graphical user interface Command-Line Interface – When you connect to
GL using SSH
Lab 1 will walk you through using the UMBC computing environment
How do I connect to GL?How do I connect to GL?Assuming you have Internet access, use
SSH◦ Windows Download Putty (Lab has a video about this)
Hostname – gl.umbc.edu
Make sure you pick SSH
Put in username and password
◦ Mac SSH client already installed
Go to the Application folder and select Utilities
Open up a terminal Window
Type ssh -l username gl.umbc.edu
Put in your password
Linux CommandsLinux CommandsSee:http://www.csee.umbc.edu/resources/computer-science-help-center/#Resources
For now, let’s just learn: ls – list
Display the files and directories in your current directory cd – change directory
Directory is another word for folder.. = parent directory . = current directory
mkdir- make directory
Note: Commands are case-sensitive
DirectoriesDirectoriesCan contain files and other directories
(calledsubdirectories)
/afs/umbc.edu/users/first/second/username/home
201 myOtherClass
lab1
lab1.py
HW1 - When you log into Gl, you will be in your home directory
- use the cd command to go to subdirectories
emacsemacsReference:http://www.csee.umbc.edu/summary-of-basic-emacs-
commands/emacs – a text editor
◦ We will generally use emacs to write our python codeTo open a file that you want to call example.txt
(replace example.txt with your file name):◦ Type: emacs example.txt
To save a file:◦ CTRL X and CTRL C
To reopen the file:◦ Type: emacs example.txt
To remove the file◦ Type: rm example.txt