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Computing Fundamentals
Unit 1- Recognizing Computers
Understand the importance of computers Define computers & computer systems Classify different types of computers Identify system components Describe the role of the CPU Define computer memory Describe how data is represented Identify types of storage devices Care for storage media
Objectives
A computer is a person, instrument, or machine that gathers, processes, and stores information.
What is a Computer?
Charles Babbage◦ Designed a steam-
powered calculator called the Difference Engine in 1821.
◦ His next idea was the Analytical Engine (1856), designed to perform any kind of mathematical calculation.
The Father of Computing
In 1943, the British built the first “Colossus” computer.
Used to decipher encrypted teleprinter messages sent by the Germans during World War II.
World War II
The first computer that most individuals could afford was the Altair 8800, built in 1975 by MITS.
No keyboard or screen◦ Information was entered by clicking switches
Altair
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created the first user-friendly personal computer, called the Apple, with a built-in keyboard, display screen, and storage unit.◦ The term personal computer refers to a
computer designed to be used by one person at a time.
First User-Friendly Computer
In 1981, IBM introduced its version of the personal computer—the IBM PC.
IBM made the general design available to competing companies, resulting in many clones or “compatibles.”
Today, the term PC often refers to computers running Microsoft’s Windows operating system.
Attack of the Clones
Hardware Software Data Output of
information
Receives data, processes data, outputs information, stores data
What is a Computer?
The use of the binary number system with two values: 0 and 1.
1= ON (electricity) 0= OFF (no electricity)
What Counting to Ten Looks Like
Decimal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Binary: 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, 1010
Binary
Review
Desktop Laptop Netbook Tablets Workstation Servers Handheld/Smartphone Terminal Mainframe Super Computer
Types of Computers
Personal computer- PC or MAC AKA Microcomputer Individual user
Desktop
AKA Notebook PC or Mac Portability Touchpad
Laptop
NOT laptop replacement
Made for travel
Basic◦ Check email◦ Web◦ Office◦ No Multitasking
Netbook
Lightweight & smaller
Less powerful than laptop
Small Screen Longer battery No CD/DVD Low in RAM (1GB) Windows XP/7 Basic
Netbook
Form of notebook Swivel Screen Handwriting Stylus
Tablet PC
PC in smaller size Many functions of PC
◦ Has memory, storage, CPU◦ Apps, Internet, Email◦ Android, WebOS, iOS
Tablets
Multiple CPUs, lots of RAM, multiple, high-capacity drives
Video Editing, CAD, Animation, Scientific, CSI, X-Ray
Workstation
Performs functions for computers on a network (provides a service)◦ Hold Files◦ Handle Email◦ Web Site
Server
PDA / Smartphone◦ Personal Digital
Assistant◦ AKA Pocket PC◦ Windows, iOS,
WebOS, Android, Palm OS
◦ Touch Screen◦ Can do email, web,
Office, etc.
Handheld/Smartphone
Data entering Keyboard & Monitor “Dumb” Terminal
Only performs functions when connected to larger system
Terminal
Connected to terminals
Bulk data processing Banks, statistics Hundreds of thousands $ Large institutions & govt. Airlines
Mainframe
Large & fast Perform BIG calc’s Volumes of data Millions of $$$ Government Military Research Labs NASA
Supercomputers
Name some…
Other Types of Computers?
Review 1 Managing an airline reservation & ticketing
system would be best performed by which class of computer?◦ Mainframe
Which computer only performs when connected to a larger computer?◦ Terminal
What’s another name for a desktop?◦ Microcomputer
Who is known as the father of computing?◦ Babbage
What’s the biggest advantage of using a notebook?◦ Portability
T/F. A server is dedicated to sharing resources & data.◦ True
Which type of computer provides services to other PCs?◦ Servers
What device would have Palm/WebOS on it?◦ Handheld, PAD, Smartphone
Review 2
Computing Fundamentals
Unit 1- Recognizing Computers