COMUNICAÇÃO TÉCNICA ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nº 174260.1
Applicability of soil bioengineering techniques in the provision of environmental service: studies on mining reclamation Maria Lúcia Solera Caroline Almeida Souza Mariana Hortelani Carneseca Longo Sofia Julia Alves Macedo Campos Omar Yazbek Bitar
Palestra apresentado no 24.World Mining
Congress, 2016, Rio de Janeiro. Lecture... 26 slides. A série “Comunicação Técnica” compreende trabalhos elaborados por técnicos do IPT, apresentados em eventos, publicados em revistas especializadas ou quando seu conteúdo apresentar relevância pública. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo S/A - IPT
Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, 532 | Cidade Universitária ou Caixa Postal 0141 | CEP 01064-970
São Paulo | SP | Brasil | CEP 05508-901 Tel 11 3767 4374/4000 | Fax 11 3767-4099
www.ipt.br
Applicability of soil bioengineering techniques in the provision of
environmental service: studies on mining reclamation
Authors: Maria Lucia Solera; Caroline Almeida Souza; Mariana
Hortelani Carneseca Longo; Sofia Julia Alves Macedo Campos and
Omar Yazbek Bitar
Rio de Janeiro, 21 de outubro de 2016
Presenter: Maria Lucia Solera
Contents
Cajati mine
soil bioengineering / natural engineering:
techniques
prototypes
models
environmental services associated
results / conclusions
Cajati Mine
Cajati mine complex
located in the central area of the
municipality of Cajati – north of
its urbanized area –, in the
Ribeira Valley, São Paulo State,
Brazil
Cajati mine
production of phosphate rock
lime for cement production and agricultural lime
production of sulfuric and phosphoric acids and dicalcium
phosphate, the latter to attend the animal nutrition market
The Cajati mine complex is an integrated industrial
complex
Soil Bioengineering Technique
Soil Bioenginering is a technology that employs the use of live
materials, alone or in combination with inert materials. Live materials
are arranged in different constructive models, combining structural and
ecological functionality, to recover areas in different degradation
contexts.
Techniques Identified
techniques applied in Brazil were identified and analyzed
ability to control the biophysical processes
applicability in recovering mined areas
potential in generating environmental services
adapted techniques
Techniques Identified
three techniques frequently used in stabilizing and artificial slopes;
described in the scientific literature
live slope grating
wood palisade combined to herbaceous species
hydroseeding combined with biomantle
Six recovery techniques were identified in the field research, five of
which supported on the SB concept:
Techniques Identified
two techniques for controlling gullies and renaturalization of
hidden streams; are not described in the soil bioengineering
literature
the green channel
stones and wood gutter.
Techniques Identified
One technique was used to revegetate cut and fill slopes and
to restore the vegetation of mined areas; not described in the
soil bioengineering literature
topsoil transposition
Environmental Services
Environmental services associated with the techniques
analyzed:
support (increased biological diversity)
regulation (erosion control)
cultural services (recovery of scenic beauty).
Applicability Soil Bioengineering -
Cajati Mine (waste dump)
to recover the upper slope of a waste dump
provision of environmental services.
Cajati mine – waste dump
Cajati Mine – Waste dump
Waste dump composed:
mixed-sized blocks of rock
high level of steepness
porosity/permeability
absence of fine-grained material
Do not provide necessary conditions plant successional
development
Prototypes / Models
building prototypes to retain the soil in conditions of high steepnes
designing models, with minor modifications related to size and
building material.
Three prototypes were developed considering the results of the field
research and also the SB techniques described in the literature:
"guirlanda", "colmeia" and "solo-retentor", using the natural materials
jute and vegetable textile fibers as main construction material
Prototypes / Models
“guirlanda”
circular structure, filled with organic material (litter), designed to
receive seeds in its inner portion, where the soil remains confined
even in heavy precipitation events
Prototypes / Models
“colmeia”
was designed based on the architecture of hives built by bees and
the geocells used in geotechnical engineering works: designed to
receive seeds in its cells
“solo-retentor”
was designed based on existing techniques used to fill gullies.
Prototypes / Models
Models – Main Function
retain soil
receive seeds of leguminous plants
allow the development of plant roots
Waste Dump Piles
The waste dump piles was covered with a layer of about 10 cm of
limestone sand before the installation of the models. The waste
dump piles was monitored for the verification of the performance of
SB models in recovering the area and generating environmental
services.
study area covered with a layer of about 10 cm of limestone sand
Models - Results
retained soil
favored the germination of seeds
development of the plants
generation of environmental service
monitoring of the waste
dump piles
Conclusions
soil bioengineering models favoring:
the soil retention;
the development of herbaceous species;
the generation of environmental services.
construction of soil-substrate; habitat formation; waste reuse;
stabilization of sediment and scenic beauty.
Conclusions
there is much to be investigated for potential use and
generation of environmental services;
development of new SB techniques adapted for slopes of
waste dump piles;
the analysis of other techniques, described in the literature,
that could be adapted to the context of mining areas;
Acknowledgement
The São Paulo Research Foundation – Fapesp
Vale Fertilizantes – Cajati Unit
Institute for Technological Research – IPT
REFERENCES
Eubanks, C. E., & Meadows, D. (2002). A soil bioengineering guide: for streambank and
lakeshore stabilization. Washington, U.S.: Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Technology
and Development Program.
Evette, A. et al. (2009). History of bioengineering techniques for erosion control in rivers in
Western Europe. Environmental Management, 43(6), 972–984.
Fernandes, J. P. & Freitas, A. R. M. (2011). Introdução à engenharia natural (Vol. 2). Lisboa:
Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres.
Gray, D. H. & Sotir, R. B. (1996). Biotechnical and soil bioengineering slope stabilization: a
practical guide for erosion control. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Sutili, F. J. (2007). Bioengenharia de solos no âmbito fluvial do sul do Brasil. Tese de doutorado,
Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Perigos Naturais, Instituto de Bioengenharia de Solos e
Planejamento da Paisagem, Universidade Rural de Viena, Viena, Austria.