US006359582B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 6,359,582 B1 MacAleese et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Mar. 19, 2002 (54) CONCEALED WEAPONS DETECTION FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS SYSTEM JP 09304517 11/1997 (75) Inventors: Gregory B. MacAleese, Corrales; W0 WO 96/19737 6/1996 Jerry Hausner, Albuquerque; Paul J. W0 WO 97/01771 1/1997 Menicucci, Albuquerque; Robert H. Gorman, Albuquerque, all of NM (US) OTHER PUBLICATIONS (73) Assignee? The MacAleese Companies, Inc» Reber, E.E., et al., “Evaluation of Active and Passive A1buquerque> NM (Us) Near—Millirneter—Wave Radiometric Imaging Techniques * N t. _ h, _ d _ d for Detection of Concealed Object,” Aerospace Report No. ( ) 0 Ice' T 15 patent Issue on a Connnue pros‘ ATR—80(7843)—2, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, NeW “won apphf’anor? ?led under 37 CFR Mexico 87115, Contract No. 13—90245 (Mar. 20, 1981). 1.53(d), and is subject to the tWenty year patent term provisions 0f 35 USC- Abbott, G.F., “Personal Surveillance System,” IBM Techni 154(a)(2)- cal Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 12, No. 7 (Dec. 1969) pp _ _ _ _ 1119—1120. Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. (List continued on neXt page.) (21) Appl. No.: 08/932,811 Primary Examiner—John B. Sotomayor (22) Filed Sep 16 1997 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Deborah A. Peacock . . , _ _ (57) ABSTRACT Related US. Application Data (60) Provisional application No- 60/026,444, ?led on 56P- 18, A Weapons detector (12) and method utiliZing radar. The 1996' system comprises a transmitter (27) for producing an output (51) Int. Cl.7 .... ., G018 7/292; G015 13/04 (14) of frequencies of a set of self-resonant frequencies of (52) US. Cl. ........................... .. 342/22; 342/90; 342/27; Weaponry; an antenna (28) directing the transmitter Output 342/ 192; 342/197 toWard locations potentially having Weaponry and collecting (58) Field of Search .......................... .. 342/22, 28, 199, baekseattered signals (15); a receiver (29) receiving the 342/21, 27, 52, 53, 54, 66, 90, 173, 176, backscattered signals (15) and operating over a range of the 180, 181, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197 self-resonant frequencies; and a signal processor (30) for detecting the presence of a plurality of the self-resonant (56) References Cited frequencies in the backscattered signals (15). Accuracies of greater than 98% can be obtained at distances, preferably U'S' PATENT DOCUMENTS betWeen 4—15 yards. The Weapons detector (12) is capable 3,500,395 A 3/1970 Foster et a1. ................. .. 343/5 of detecting metal and non-metal Weapons (16) on a human 3,599,211 A 8/1971 MafdOIl ------ - 343/100 body (13) in purses, briefcases and under clothing; and 376697038 A 6/1972 Watson - - - - - - - - - ~~ 109/12 discerning Weapons (16) from objects such as belt buckles, 3,707,672 A 12/1972 Miller et a1. .. 324/239 _ coins, keys, calculators, cellular phones. 3,713,156 A 1/1973 Pothier ...................... .. 343/17 (List continued on next page.) 50 Claims, 23 Drawing Sheets
Transcript
US006359582B1
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 6,359,582 B1 MacAleese et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Mar. 19, 2002
(54) CONCEALED WEAPONS DETECTION FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS SYSTEM
JP 09304517 11/1997
(75) Inventors: Gregory B. MacAleese, Corrales; W0 WO 96/19737 6/1996 Jerry Hausner, Albuquerque; Paul J. W0 WO 97/01771 1/1997 Menicucci, Albuquerque; Robert H. Gorman, Albuquerque, all of NM (US) OTHER PUBLICATIONS
(73) Assignee? The MacAleese Companies, Inc» Reber, E.E., et al., “Evaluation of Active and Passive A1buquerque> NM (Us) Near—Millirneter—Wave Radiometric Imaging Techniques
* N t. _ h, _ d _ d for Detection of Concealed Object,” Aerospace Report No. ( ) 0 Ice' T 15 patent Issue on a Connnue pros‘ ATR—80(7843)—2, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, NeW
“won apphf’anor? ?led under 37 CFR Mexico 87115, Contract No. 13—90245 (Mar. 20, 1981). 1.53(d), and is subject to the tWenty year patent term provisions 0f 35 USC- Abbott, G.F., “Personal Surveillance System,” IBM Techni 154(a)(2)- cal Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 12, No. 7 (Dec. 1969) pp
_ _ _ _ 1119—1120.
Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. (List continued on neXt page.)
(21) Appl. No.: 08/932,811 Primary Examiner—John B. Sotomayor (22) Filed Sep 16 1997 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Deborah A. Peacock
. . ,
_ _ (57) ABSTRACT Related US. Application Data
(60) Provisional application No- 60/026,444, ?led on 56P- 18, A Weapons detector (12) and method utiliZing radar. The 1996' system comprises a transmitter (27) for producing an output
(51) Int. Cl.7 .... ., G018 7/292; G015 13/04 (14) of frequencies of a set of self-resonant frequencies of (52) US. Cl. ........................... .. 342/22; 342/90; 342/27; Weaponry; an antenna (28) directing the transmitter Output
342/ 192; 342/197 toWard locations potentially having Weaponry and collecting (58) Field of Search .......................... .. 342/22, 28, 199, baekseattered signals (15); a receiver (29) receiving the
342/21, 27, 52, 53, 54, 66, 90, 173, 176, backscattered signals (15) and operating over a range of the 180, 181, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197 self-resonant frequencies; and a signal processor (30) for
detecting the presence of a plurality of the self-resonant (56) References Cited frequencies in the backscattered signals (15). Accuracies of
greater than 98% can be obtained at distances, preferably U'S' PATENT DOCUMENTS betWeen 4—15 yards. The Weapons detector (12) is capable
3,500,395 A 3/1970 Foster et a1. ................. .. 343/5 of detecting metal and non-metal Weapons (16) on a human 3,599,211 A 8/1971 MafdOIl ------ - 343/100 body (13) in purses, briefcases and under clothing; and 376697038 A 6/1972 Watson - - - - - - - - - ~~ 109/12 discerning Weapons (16) from objects such as belt buckles, 3,707,672 A 12/1972 Miller et a1. .. 324/239 _ coins, keys, calculators, cellular phones. 3,713,156 A 1/1973 Pothier ...................... .. 343/17
(List continued on next page.) 50 Claims, 23 Drawing Sheets
US 6,359,582 B1 Page 2
US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 5,598,152 A 1/1997 ScarZello .................. .. 340/850 5,644,314 A 7/1997 Ahmad et al. . . . . . . . . .. 342/22
3,911,435 A 10/1975 Mardon et al. .... .. 343/100 ME 5,673,050 A 9/1997 Moussally et aL 342/22 3,924,546 A 12/1975 Pretini ...................... .. 109/3 5,692,446 A 12/1997 Becker et a1_ ______ __ log/3
4,064,458 A 12/1977 De Loach, JR 325/54 5,694,498 A 12/1997 Manasson et al. 385/15 4,122,783 A 10/1978 Pretini ............ .. 109/3 5,694,867 A 12/1997 DiaZ_L0peZ ____ __ log/6 4,341,165 A 7/1982 Calandritti er a1- - 109/8 5,706,402 A 1/1998 Bell .......................... .. 395/23 4,461,221 A 7/1984 Schandle er a1- ----- - 109/6 5,774,357 A 6/1998 Hoffberg etal. .......... .. 364/188 4,481,887 A 11/1984 Urbano ....... .. 109/3 4,586,441 A 5/1986 Zekich 109/8 OTHER PUBLICATIONS
2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ' Abbott, G.F.~ “Personal Surveillance System” IBM Tech.
A et a1' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ DISCl. Bulletll'l, V01. 12, NO. 7, DeC., 4,905,008 A 2/1990 Kawano et a1_ ____ __ 342/22 Bhanu, B. “Guest Editorial: Introduction to the Special Issue
5,039,981 A 8/1991 Rodriquez ,340/551 on Automatic Target Detection and Recognition” IEEE 5,081,456 A 1/1992 Michiguchi et a . 342/22 Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 6, No. 1, Jan., 1997. 5,195,448 A 3/1993 Sims ................. .. 109/6 pp 1_6_
5,222,155 A 6/1993 Delanov etal. ............ .. 382/30 MCMakin, D_L_ et a1_ “Remote Concealed Weapons and 5221800 A 7/1993 Huguemn et a1‘ """" " 342/179 Explosive Detection on People Using Millirneter—Wave 5,311,166 A 5/1994 Frye ............... .. 340/541 Holography” 1996 IEEE' pp‘ 19_25~ 5,334,981 A 8/1994 Smith et al. 342/27 . “ . .
5,337,053 A 8/1994 Dwyer ____ n n 342/90 McMillan, R.W. et'al'. Concealed Weapon’Detection Using 5,345,240 A 9/1994 Frazier _______ __ __ 342/28 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Sensors 1998 IEEE. pp.
5,365,237 A 11/1994 Johnson et al. 342/179 1—4 5,381,153 A 1/1995 Saito et al. ................. .. 342/70 Murray, NC. et al. “Exploitation of X—Ray Technology for 5,408,414 A 4/1995 Nomoto et al. ........... .. 364/449 the Detection of Contraband—Aviation Security Applica 5,446,461 A 8/ 1995 FTaZief - - - - - - - - - - - - -~ 342/22 tions” European Conf. on Sec. and Detection Apr. 28—30,
5,455,590 A 10/1995 Collins et al. 342/179 1997, Conf Pub1_ NO 437_ pp 13_18_ 5’457’394 A 10/1995 MCEWan ' 324/642 Reber, E.E. et al. “Final Report: Evaluation of Active and 5’512’834 A 4/1996 MCEWan ' 324/642 Passive Near—Millirneter—Wave Radiornetric Irnaging Tech 5,517,429 A 5/1996 Harrison . 364/516 . . . ,,
5,519,400 A 5/1996 McEWan ................... .. 342/28 mques for Daemon of Concealed Oblects Aerospace 5,552,705 A 9/1996 Keller ...................... .. 324/239 Report NO- ATR—80(7843)—2> Mar- 20, 1981- PP- 1—29 5,552,766 A 9/1996 Lee et a1_ 340/541 Varshney, PK. et al. “On the Modeling of the Sensor Fusion 5,557,283 A 9/1996 Sheen et al. .............. .. 342/179 Process for Concealed Weapons Detection” 1998 IEEE. p. 5,576,972 A 11/1996 Harrison ................... .. 364/516 14.
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