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Conceiving Children
Contraceptive risk taking increases with
Drug and alcohol use Low self esteem Fear of alienating partner by asking for
cooperation with birth control
Indications of pregnancy (common during first trimester)
Breast tenderness Nausea and vomiting Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
in blood test Fatigue
Miscarriages
Majority in first trimester 10% to 20% of pregnancies end in
miscarriage Early miscarriages may appear as
heavier than usual menstrual flow
Stages of labor
First stage of labor
First stage• “Bloody show”• Uterine contractions• Ruptured amniotic sac (Water breaks)
Second stage
Birth of child
Third stage
Placenta
Cesarean section
Performed when• Fetal distress during labor• Feet or bottom presents first
First trimester abortions
Have little effect on subsequent fertility or pregnancy
Infertility
50% of infertility = male factors• Due to
Smoking Alcohol abuse Environmental toxins
50% of infertility = female factors
Other reasons for infertility
STD’s (M&F) Blocked tubes (M&F) Low sperm count Low sperm motility Lack of ovulation
Infertility-Fertility drugs
Infertility treatments
Artificial insemination In vitro Fertilization GIFT (Gamete intrafallopian transfer) ZIFT (Zygote intrafallopian transfer) ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection)
Artificial insemination
Semen introduced into woman’s vagina,cervix, or uterus
In Vitro fertilization
Fertilizing egg in dish Placed into uterus
GIFT (Gamete intrafallopian transfer)
Sperm and ova placed directly into fallopian tube
ZIFT (Zygote intrafallopian transfer)
Egg fertilized in dish Placed into fallopian tube
ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection)
http://www.inciid.org/icsi.html Single sperm injection
Abortion rates
Abortion
RU486
Birth defects (Chorionic Villus Sampling)
Sexual activity during pregnancy
Sexual activity and orgasm may continue as desired until labor begins
Sexual interest progressively declines over the nine months
Amniocentesis
Fluid around the fetus is removed to check for birth defects