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By Manuel A. Silva Pérez [email protected] March 3, 2010 Concentrated Solar Thermal Power Technnology Training Session 1 http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training- course-5-lessons
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By Manuel A. Silva Pé[email protected]
March 3, 2010
Concentrated Solar Thermal PowerTechnnology Training
Session 1
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-5-lessons
Session 1
• Introduction to Leonardo ENERGY• Fundamentals of Thermal Concentrating Systems• Solar Thermal Power Plants
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-5-lessons
Leonardo ENERGY:Education, Training and Advocacy on Sustainable Energy
170 partners from industry and academia contribute to Leonardo ENERGY
Leonardo ENERGY’s coordination is done by a team of professionals from the European Copper Institute and its European network of 11 offices
5,000 visitors/day, 69,000 e-mail subscribers, weekly webinars, monthly courses
What can you expect from us?
Global Solar Thermal Energy Council REEGLE
Estela Solar
Protermosolar
Seville University
Today’s webinar partners
CSP Today
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-5-lessons
SOLAR THERMAL POWER
Manuel A. Silva Pérez
Fundamentals of solar thermal concentrating systems
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-5-lessons
Solar Thermal Concentrating Systems
Systems that make use of solar energy by first concentrating solar radiation and then converting it to thermal energy
• Uses:– Electricity (Solar Thermal Power)– Industrial Process Heat– Absorption cooling– Chemical processes– …
Solar energy
• Abundant• High-quality energy
• Variable (on time)• Unevenly distributed (on space)• Low density
Excelent Very good Good Inappropriate
Solar resource availability. The solar belt
3000 km
90 % of the total electricity demand could be supplied from STP plants covering 300x300 km2.
Effcient transmission via HVDC would allow electricity supply to remote areas with moderate losses.
DESERTEC project: STP plants in the Magreb Area to supply electricity for Europe and Africa
Solar resource availability. The Desertec project
EU25
Why high temperature?
W
TOp
TA
Q2
Q1
TD
TC
Beam Irradiance
Radiative losses (emitted by receiver)
Difuse Irradiance
M.T.
Q2
Q1
W
TOp
TA
The sun as a heat source
Why concentrate solar radiation?
W
TOp
TA
Q2
Q1
TD
TC
Beam Irradiance
Radiative losses (emitted by receiver)
Difuse Irradiance
M.T.
Q2
Q1
W
TOp
TA
Ideal concentrating system
• The receiver (or absorber) converts concentrated solar radiation to thermal energy (heat)
• An ideal receiver may be characterized as a blackbody, which has only radiative losses
CONCENTRADORCONCENTRATOR
RECEIVER
ThermalEngine
Beam Irradiance
Receiver losses
Concentrationlosses Concentrated
Solar radiation
Heat
Work / Electricity
HeatRejected
Geometrical concentration ratio
abs
C
A
ACg
• The geometrical concentration ratio, Cg, is defined as
Where Aabs is the receiver (or absorber) area and Ac is the collection area.
Absorption area
Concentrator
Collection area
Optical efficiency of the receiver
Ideal concentrator
• The maximum theoretical optical efficiency (when Tabs≥TSky) is the effective absorptivity of the receiver.
• The higher the concentrated solar flux (C*I), the better the optical efficiency.
• The higher the absorber temperature, the higher the radiative loss and, therefore, optical efficiency is lower.
• The higher the effective emissivity, ε, the lower the optical efficiency.
Global efficiency of the ideal concentrating system
Ideal concentrating system
• For each value of the geometrical concentration ratio, there is an optimum temperature.
• The higher the geometrical concentration ratio, the higher the optimum temperature and the global efficiency.
Concentration limits
Ssenn
nDC
22
2
3max,
• The Sun is not a point light source. Seen From the Earth, is a disk of apparent diameter θS ≈ 32’.
• The maximum concentration ratio is given by
Where n and n’ are the refractive indices of the media that the light crosses before and after the reflection on the concentrator surface
32’
32’
Focus
Other factors affecting real concentrators. Non ideal concentrator surface
2222cspSD
Ideal curvature
Spherical curvature, with waviness
Other factors affecting real concentrators. Sunshape
Types of concentrating systems
• Line focus (2D)– Parabolic troughs; CLFR
• Point focus (3D)– Central receiver systems,
parabolic concentrators (dishes)
SDmáxC 23, sin/1
SDmáxC sin/12,
Real concentrating systems
Theoretical
3D: < 46200
2D: < 215
Manuel A. Silva Pérez
Solar Thermal Power Plants
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-5-lessons
Solar thermal power
• 100 % renewable• Based on well known technologies:
– Materials• Steel• Mirrors• Water• Thermal oil• Molten salts• …
– Engineering• Electrical• Mechanical• Thermal…
Solar thermal power
• The “fuel” is beam solar radiation– Predictable within certain limits
• Storage and hybridization provide aditional basis for dispatchability
• Centralized or distributed generation
Solar thermal power has a very high potential of contribution to the
electricity system during the next decades
Solar Thermal Power Plant. Basic configuration
Beam irradiance
Concentrator
Receiver
Thermal Storage
Concentrated irradianceElectricity
Power conversion system
Thermal energy
BoilerFossil fuel Biomass
Main Concentrating Technologies
Central Receiver / Heliostats
Parabolic troughs
Parabolic dishes
Linear Fresnel Reflectors
Solar thermal power plants
Solar Thermal Concentrating systems for electricity (energy) generation
CSP in the Ancient times…
CSP in the modern times
CETS. Breve historia –Años 80: plantas de demostración
Recent history of CSP
Pontevedra, UNED, julio 2007
Other (unrealized) projects…
Solgas (1993-1996). Hybrid solar-gas cogeneration plant
Colón Solar (1997-1998). Integration of solar energy in a conventional power plant
Nevada Solar One (Boulder City, NV), 2006.
PS10 and PS20 (Seville, Spain). 2007 and 2009
Kimberlina (Bakersfield, CA), 2008.
Calasparra (Murcia, Spain) 2009.
Andasol 1 (Granada, Spain), 2009
Puertollano (Ciudad real, Spain), 2009
Sierra Sun Tower (California, USA) 2009
Maricopa Solar (Arizona, USA) 2009
…and many more to come during the next years
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-5-lessons
