04/08/2023 1

concentrated Solar Powerplant: a revolution in electricity generation

Presented By Rasmin kumar sahu Electrical & Electronics

Engineering

Technical Seminar On

04/08/2023 2

IntroductionWhy Solar?Creation Of Solar PowerThe TechnologyApplicationsTechnological ObstaclesTechnological BreakthroughsAdditional BenefitsConclusions

OVERVIEW

04/08/2023 3

INTRODUCTION Every year, each square

kilometer of hot desert receives solar energy equivalent to 1.5 million barrels of oil. Multiplying by the area of deserts world-wide.

This is nearly a thousand times the entire current energy consumption of the world.

04/08/2023 4

WHY SOLAR ?In today's climate of growing energy needs and

increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels have to be investigated.

One such alternative is solar energy.

04/08/2023 5

Solar Power

04/08/2023 6

Many people think of solar power as a few panels on the roof of a house producing hot water or a bit of electricity.

But according to reports made by , two German scientists, Dr Gerhard Knies and Dr Franz Trieb, calculate that covering just 0.5 per cent of the world's hot deserts with a technology called concentrated solar power (CSP) would provide the world's entire electricity needs.

04/08/2023 7

CREATION OF SOLAR POWERConcentrated solar power plants produce electric

power by converting the sun's energy into high-temperature heat using various mirror configurations.

Mirrors concentrate the sun's rays on a pipe or vessel containing some sort of gas or liquid that heats up to around 400{+o}C and is used to power conventional steam turbines.

04/08/2023 8

THE TECHNOLOGY

Three basic concepts –

1.Dish/Engine System 2. Trough System 3. Power Tower System

04/08/2023 9

TROUGH SYSTEM

Made of long rows of concentrating mirrors

Only curved in one directionTrack the sun from East to West

with surface that focuses sun’s energy

Heat transfer fluid runs through pipe that is at the focus of the troughs

Heat is transferred to working fluid (usually water) and used to power or drive turbine

04/08/2023 10

Practical view of Trough type

An Acciona solar thermal power plant, located south of Las Vegas.

04/08/2023 11

POWER TOWER SYSTEM

The first large-scale solar energy project in the U.S. 1982

Solar plant with a field of computerized mirrors called heliostats that follow the sun.

Heliostats reflect rays towards a central tower where heat is used to produce steam.

Steam turns a turbine like in more traditional plants.

04/08/2023 12

Practical view of power tower system type

04/08/2023 13

DISH/ENGINE SYSTEM• Still under development•  it uses the heat from the sun to drive a

Stirling engine to generate electricity. • The concentrator is a highly reflective

mirror dish similar to a very large satellite dish. The very concentrated sunlight (800 times normal) heats a working fluid in contact with the receiver to a temperature of approximately 650ºC.

• The thermal energy causes the cylinder piston engine to oscillate back and forth at 50 or 60 cycles per second. The piston moves a magnet back and forth inside a coil of wire which generates an AC current. The engine is air cooled by means of a radiator and a closed water based coolant system

04/08/2023 14

Practical view of Dish/Engine type

04/08/2023 15

What happens at night?Power is stored during the daytime in molten salt at

approximately 1050°F

Salt sometimes used to heat graphite which would be used as a heat storage medium night-time operations are possible!

Storage of heat from solar power plants can allow solar power plants to operate around the clockunique because they can generate power when it is

needed…day or night…rain or shine

04/08/2023 16

APPLICATIONS

Centralized large-scale (up to 200MWe installed capacity) electricity generation where small and medium sized producers are connected to large transmission grids.

Remote applications (from 10kWe installed capacity) which can be used to provide heat and electricity in small villages.

Industrial applications where sectors such as food, textile, chemical, etc. will be provided with clean energy in the form of steam, heat or electricity to replace all or part of the fossil fuels needed during their manufacturing processes.

04/08/2023 17

Technological ObstaclesNeeds back up or storage system Storage: the solar thermal plans would need

just 16 hours of storage to continuously generate electricity

Low efficiencyincreasing efficiency by 20-30% could

significantly reduce the cost of electricity

04/08/2023 18

Technological BreakthroughsFuture solar collectors will be mass-produced

using…lower cost flat mirrors, rather than curved

troughsand sit low to the ground reducing wind loads

Fast construction (1-2 years) Because CSP systems use conventional steam

turbines, hybrid configurations of trough solar and natural gas turbines (oil and coal are possible too) can be built for continuous electrical power on rainy days and short winter days. 

04/08/2023 19

Additional BenefitsThe peak demand period - during the hottest

part of the day, when air conditioners are running in the office and home - coincides with the period of time when the solar thermal power plant is at peak production

Steam is emitted rather than greenhouse gases

04/08/2023 20

ConclusionSolar thermal energy could lead the India into a renewable future.

Cost reduction of producing solar thermal energy could make this the most viable type of available energy.

04/08/2023

?Queries

21

04/08/2023 22