Concentrated Solar Radiation + Water
An Option for Efficient Large Scale Renewable Hydrogen
Production – European World Leadership under the FCH JU
Christian Sattler
Solar Hydrogen > FCH JU Stakeholder Forum 2017> 22.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 1
Solar Energy: Two concentration options - Power or Light
HYSOLAR: PV + Alkaline Electrolyser
10 kW Demonstration,
DLR Stuttgart, Germany 1990
HYDROSOL: Concentrated solar radiation +
thermochemical cycle, 10 kW Demonstration
DLR Cologne, Germany 2005
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Solar Hydrogen by Water Splitting:
Efficiency Comparison vs. Benchmark
Process
temperature Solar interface
of the chemical reaction receiver temperature
Alkaline Electrolysis 25°C Solar PV
High temperature steam electrolysis
850°CFuture solar tower
1200°C
Thermochemical cycle with ceria
1500 / 1150°CFuture solar dish
1500°C
*G.J. Kolb, R.B. Diver SAND 2008-1900 / N. Siegel et al. I&EC Research May 2013
14%
18%
25%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Annual EfficiencyThermochemical cycle with ceria
High temperature steam electrolysis
Alkaline Electrolysis
Solar Hydrogen > FCH JU Stakeholder Forum 2017> 22.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 3
Projects
ADEL, SOPHIA
HYDROSOL 3D, HYDROSOL Plant, SOL2HY2
HYDROSOL - An example for solar
thermochemical water splitting (800 – 1200°C)
Solar Hydrogen > FCH JU Stakeholder Forum 2017> 22.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 4
Hydrosol I2002 – 2005
< 10 kW
Hydrosol 3D2010 – 2012
1 MW (study)
Hydrosol II2006 – 2009
100 kW
• European FCH-JU project
• Partner: APTL (GR), HELPE (GR), CIEMAT (ES),
HYGEAR (NL)
• 750 kWth demonstration of thermochemical water
splitting
• Location: Plataforma Solar de Almería (PSA), Spain,
2017
• Reactor set-up on the CRS tower
• Storage tanks and PSA on the ground
• World largest solar thermochemical plant!
• Workshop at PSA, November 28th
http://hydrosol-plant.certh.gr/3EB3AFE0.en.aspx
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HYDROSOL Plant - CRS tower PSA, Spain
SOL2HY2
Solar To Hydrogen Hybrid Cycles
• FCH JU project on the solar driven Utilization of
waste SO2 from fossil sources for co-production of
hydrogen and sulphuric acid
• Hybridization by usage of renewable energy for
electrolysis
• Partners: EngineSoft (IT), Aalto University (FI),
DLR (DE), ENEA (IT), Outotec (FI), Erbicol (CH),
Oy Woikoski (FI)
• >100 kW demonstration plant on the solar tower in
Jülich, Germany in 2015
OutotecTM Open Cycle (OOC)
• Utilization of waste SO2 from mineral or fossil sources
• Co-production of hydrogen and sulphuric acid
• Hybridization by renewable energy for electrolysis
Solar Hydrogen > FCH JU Stakeholder Forum 2017> 22.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 6
https://sol2hy2.eurocoord.com
SOL2HY2 pilot plant
Solar Hydrogen > FCH JU Stakeholder Forum 2017> 22.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 7
Solar receiver
H2SO4(aq)
1 l/min (50 w%)
SO3, H2O (g)
400 °C
1000 °C
SO2, O2, SO3, H2O (g)
750 °C
Electrical
evaporator
Adiabatic
catalyst
reactor
Gas
analysis
Scrubber
Research
platform
Investments vs. revenues
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• Reduction of initial investments
• Financing of HyS development by payback of OOC
• Increase of total revenues
Aim
Proof of principle of 3 kWe HTE coupled to concentrated solar energy - design and
operation - Proof of co-electrolysis at stack level
Identification of “power to gas” scenarios with techno-economic analysis & Life
cycle assessment
Partners (8)
HyGear B.V. (NL)
HTceramix SA, EPFL (CH)
DLR (DE)
CEA, Engie (GDF Suez) (FR)
VTT (FI)
SOLIDPOWER (IT)
SOPHIA Solar integrated pressurized high temperature electrolysis (HTE)
Solar Hydrogen > FCH JU Stakeholder Forum 2017> 22.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 9
SOPHIA – Concept development
Development of flow sheeting and process simulation for hydrogen and syngas
production
Techno economical study for hydrogen production plant
HTE-Process
Pre-HeaterFeedPump
Evaporator 1 Evaporator2 SuperheaterElectric
Heater (Steam)
Electrolyser
Membrane
Separator
Sweep Air Compressor
HX-Receiver
Molte SaltPump
Water(Water0)
Water3
Water5
Water6 Water7
Prod1
Prod2
Hy1
Hydrogen (Hy2)Electric Heater (Air)
Sweep Air(Air1)
Air2 Air3
Air4Air5
Hot MoltenSalt (MS1)
MS2.2
MS2.3
MS1.2
Air6
Sweep Air +Oxygen (Air7)
Evaporator RC Superheater RC
MS1.3
Pump RC1
Pre-heater RC1Pre-heater RC2
Pump RC2
HP - TurbineMP - TurbineLP - Turbine
Condenser
WRC1WRC2
WRC3 WRC4
Live Steam (WRC5)
Ext 2 Ext1
WRC7
WRC8
Heat from receiver (or storage)
Hydrogen Compression
Cooling to Ambient
Sweep Gas Heating
Rankine Cycle
Prod-Recy
Cold MoltenSaltMS2.1
WRC6
Condensate
CO2 CompressorCO2-0
CO2-1
€-
€2.00
€4.00
€6.00
€8.00
€10.00
€12.00
€14.00
Realistic Optimistic Optimistic DOE
Price1
Price2
Price3
*
1. Basic costs of hydrogen production2. Like price 1 but electricity (max. 20 %) is taken from the grid to fulfill
daily production requirement (max. 20 %)3. Like price 2, but subsidies, that conventional CSP plants receive are
considered* Mehos, M., Turchi, C., Jorgenson, J., Denholm, P., Ho, C., Armijo, K., On the Path to SunShot: Advancing Concentrating Solar Power Technology, Performance, and Dispatchability, NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)), 2016, URL: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65688.pdf,
Solar Hydrogen > FCH JU Stakeholder Forum 2017> 22.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 10
Price per kg
Solar Hydrogen > FCH JU Stakeholder Forum 2017> 22.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 11
Thank you very much for your attention!