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Concentration, units & dimensions
Learning Objectives:
Define Environmental Fluid Mechanics (EFM)
List and define three types of concentrationmeasures
List the dimensions of concentration, massfraction, and the diffusion coefficient
Convert concentration measures amongvarious units (i.e. mg/l to mol/l)
Motivational Question:
How do you quantify the amount of a
chemical dispersed in the environment?
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Examples of EnvironmentalFluid Mechanics Projects
OCEN 489 and 689Scott A. Socolofsky
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Environmental Fluid Mechanics
Definition: Answers to how natural processesin the hydrosphere change concentrations
Transport processes:
Diffusion (molecular and turbulent)
Advection
Transformation processes: (key processes)
Dissolution
Chemical reactions
Critter metabolisms
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Transport in the Hydrosphere
Courtesy of Chin Wu.
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Concentrations
Concentrationboundary layer.Turbulencestructure isclearly evident.
Waves collage courtesy of John Crimaldi
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Hydromechanics
Breaking wavesmove sediment,generate seaspray, oxygenatethe water columnand provideturbulence,among otherimportant coastaland offshoreprocesses
Courtesy of Benoit Cushman-Roisin, DartmouthCollege
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Point Pollution Sources
WastewaterOutfalls
Courtesy of the CORMIX project
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Non-Point Pollution Sources
Courtesy of Roanoke County, VA
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Storm Water Runoff
Pollutant loadsinclude point andnon-pointsources
Courtesy of USGS
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Water Quality
Measurement ofa wealth of waterqualityparameters
Courtesy of Cortland College
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Limnology
Zooplankton,phytoplankton,and other lakeinhabitants
Courtesy of Gertrud Cronberg
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Natural Preservation
RestorationandProvisionfor NaturalConditions
Courtesy of College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho
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TopicsDiffusion
Advection
River Mixing Processes
Transformation
Air/water Interface
Sediment/water Interface
Tidal Mixing
Point source near-field: Jets and Plumes
Environmental fate and transport modeling