Concept AnalysisConcept Analysis

BYBY

Prof.Shadia Abd ElkaderProf.Shadia Abd Elkader

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

By the end of the lecture the By the end of the lecture the candediate will be able to: candediate will be able to:

1- Examine the structure and function 1- Examine the structure and function of the concept.of the concept.

2-Explain the purposes, uses and 2-Explain the purposes, uses and procedure of the concept analysis.procedure of the concept analysis.

3- Analyze the concept and identify 3- Analyze the concept and identify model, border, and contrary casemodel, border, and contrary case

ConceptConcept

• It Is a complex mental formulation of It Is a complex mental formulation of an object ,properties or events.an object ,properties or events.

• It is an abstractions of objects, It is an abstractions of objects, propertiesproperties

• Or events that are derived from Or events that are derived from perceptual experience. perceptual experience.

..

• It is the idea raised in our minds when It is the idea raised in our minds when sensory input is received. It occurs from our sensory input is received. It occurs from our experiences, that is our sensory encounters experiences, that is our sensory encounters with objects,properities or events and their with objects,properities or events and their linkage language symbol e.g children linkage language symbol e.g children experiencing a “hot’ stove hear the word experiencing a “hot’ stove hear the word ‘hot” and the sensation experienced is ‘hot” and the sensation experienced is connected with the word symbol provided. connected with the word symbol provided. Thus, the word “hot” evoked a concept Thus, the word “hot” evoked a concept associated with an earlier unpleasant associated with an earlier unpleasant sensation.sensation.

• So, concepts evoked when their So, concepts evoked when their symbols are perceived.symbols are perceived.

• How concepts are formed in our How concepts are formed in our minds??minds??

Formation of a conceptFormation of a concept

• Concepts contain within themselves Concepts contain within themselves the attributes or characteristics that the attributes or characteristics that make them unique from other make them unique from other concepts. Therefore it represents concepts. Therefore it represents categories of information that categories of information that contain defining attributes.contain defining attributes.

Components of the Components of the conceptconcept

Components of the concept that are Components of the concept that are necessary to form communicable necessary to form communicable concept are:concept are:

1- The word or other symbolic label1- The word or other symbolic label

2- Individual perception2- Individual perception

3- Object property or event itself.3- Object property or event itself.

Concept AnalysisConcept Analysis

• It is breaking up of concepts into parts. It is breaking up of concepts into parts. • Also, It is a process of examining the Also, It is a process of examining the

basic elements of the concept.basic elements of the concept.• Concept analysis is a careful Concept analysis is a careful

examination and description of a word examination and description of a word or term and its uses in the language or term and its uses in the language coupled with an examination of how it coupled with an examination of how it is “like” and not “not like "other is “like” and not “not like "other related terms or words. related terms or words.

Purposes and uses of Purposes and uses of concept analysisconcept analysis

• What are the purposes and uses of What are the purposes and uses of concept analysis in your opinion??concept analysis in your opinion??

1-Distinguish between the 1-Distinguish between the

defining attributes of defining attributes of

a concept and itsa concept and its

irrelevant attributesirrelevant attributes

2-Refine ambiguous concepts in theory2-Refine ambiguous concepts in theory

3- Examine information prior to 3- Examine information prior to research and theory building.research and theory building.

4- Tool/scale development4- Tool/scale development

5- Nursing diagnosis development5- Nursing diagnosis development

Procedure for concept Procedure for concept analysisanalysis

1- Select a concept1- Select a concept

2- Determine the aim 2- Determine the aim

or purpose of analysisor purpose of analysis

3- identify all uses of the concept3- identify all uses of the concept

4- Determine the critical attributes of 4- Determine the critical attributes of the concept.the concept.

5- Identify model case.5- Identify model case.

6- Identify borderline , related and 6- Identify borderline , related and contrary casecontrary case

7- Identify antecedents and 7- Identify antecedents and consequencesconsequences

8- Define empirical referents8- Define empirical referents

Determine purpose of concept Determine purpose of concept analysisanalysis

•Why do you want to conduct the Why do you want to conduct the analysis? Beside if the act that you analysis? Beside if the act that you

have to for this coursehave to for this course. )!. )!

•how will it help you in your practice how will it help you in your practice or researchor research.?.?

•Clearly state what your goals areClearly state what your goals are ? ?

Select a conceptSelect a concept

• Select a concept that ofSelect a concept that of

• interest and related to your workinterest and related to your work

• Avoid primitive and broad terms Avoid primitive and broad terms

Defining characteristicsDefining characteristics

• Cluster of attributes most frequently Cluster of attributes most frequently associate with the conceptassociate with the concept

• Characteristics you can see over and Characteristics you can see over and over again in the literatureover again in the literature

definitiondefinition

• Examine numerous definitions and Examine numerous definitions and descriptions of the concept in various descriptions of the concept in various sourcessources

• If you are looking at concept /term If you are looking at concept /term that is compound word, you must that is compound word, you must define all components of the words define all components of the words e.g Maternal role– you need to define e.g Maternal role– you need to define both maternal and roleboth maternal and role

• Differentiate the concept from other Differentiate the concept from other related concepts. related concepts.

• Example: PregnancyExample: Pregnancy• There are presumptive and probable signs There are presumptive and probable signs

of pregnancy, the positive or diagnostic of pregnancy, the positive or diagnostic sign include:sign include:

• Fetal heart tones Fetal heart tones • Uterine souffleUterine souffle• Observed fetal movement.Observed fetal movement.• Ultrasonic observation of fetus.Ultrasonic observation of fetus.

AntecedentsAntecedents

– Events or incidents that must occur prior Events or incidents that must occur prior to occurrence of the concept.to occurrence of the concept.

– Determinants of the concept.Determinants of the concept.–Things that precede or cause the Things that precede or cause the

conceptconcept..– Example ovulation and intercourse are Example ovulation and intercourse are

antecedents to pregnancy.antecedents to pregnancy.

ConsequencesConsequences

• Events or incidents that occur as a Events or incidents that occur as a result of the occurrence of the result of the occurrence of the concept. Things that follow the concept. Things that follow the concept.concept.

Case constructionCase construction

• Model caseModel case::• represents the concept to the best represents the concept to the best

of the present understanding (It of the present understanding (It includes all critical attributes) includes all critical attributes)

• describes a client with one or more describes a client with one or more antecedents (1+), all the defining antecedents (1+), all the defining criteria and perhaps one or more criteria and perhaps one or more (1+) consequences.(1+) consequences.

• Related concepts:Related concepts:

•There are terms or concepts that There are terms or concepts that are used inter changeable with a are used inter changeable with a concept of interestconcept of interest..

• Identifying and define these Identifying and define these related concept, will help you to related concept, will help you to differentiate the CONCEPT.differentiate the CONCEPT.

• Related different but similar concept Related different but similar concept (care/ cure). (care/ cure).

• Example coping and adaptation and Example coping and adaptation and adjustment; resiliency and hardness.adjustment; resiliency and hardness.

• Borderline: metaphoric or pseudo- Borderline: metaphoric or pseudo- application of the concept .application of the concept .

• case or instance difficult to classify.case or instance difficult to classify.

• ContraryContrary: represent that which is not : represent that which is not the case.the case.

Breathlessness Breathlessness Concept analysisConcept analysis

• AssumptionsAssumptions –Breathing connotes life; therefore Breathing connotes life; therefore

breathlessness connotes lesser degrees of life breathlessness connotes lesser degrees of life or a state closer to deathor a state closer to death..

– Breathlessness includes both difficulty getting Breathlessness includes both difficulty getting air "in" and "out".air "in" and "out".

– All persons experience breathlessness at All persons experience breathlessness at sometime in their lives however, for some sometime in their lives however, for some people it is a frequent or chronic state.people it is a frequent or chronic state.

– It is frightening experience.It is frightening experience.

GoalsGoals

– To identify the antecedents of To identify the antecedents of breathlessness he so as to eliminate or breathlessness he so as to eliminate or minimize the negative effect or even minimize the negative effect or even prevent it from occurring.prevent it from occurring.

– To appreciate the feelings and thinking To appreciate the feelings and thinking of the person who experiences of the person who experiences breathlessness as an acute or chronic breathlessness as an acute or chronic problem.problem.

DefinitionDefinition

Breath: air inhaled and exhaled in Breath: air inhaled and exhaled in respirations as necessary for liferespirations as necessary for life..

• Breathless: Breathless:

• Deprived of breath.Deprived of breath.

• With the breath held.With the breath held.

• Causing loss of breath.Causing loss of breath.

• Dead, lifeless.Dead, lifeless.

• Motionless, stillMotionless, still

Related conceptRelated concept::

DyspneaDyspnea: : labored or difficult labored or difficult breathing observedbreathing observed by others. by others.

HypoxiaHypoxia: : A deficiency in amount of A deficiency in amount of oxygen that reaches tissue of body.oxygen that reaches tissue of body.

Hyperventilation:Hyperventilation: Excessively Excessively rapid, deep breathing resulting in rapid, deep breathing resulting in decreased Co2 in blood.decreased Co2 in blood.

DefinitionDefinition

Breathlessness is the subjective Breathlessness is the subjective feeling of breathing difficulty as feeling of breathing difficulty as identified by patients.identified by patients.

This Candidate arrived at a definition This Candidate arrived at a definition of her own after examining the of her own after examining the various definition in the literature.various definition in the literature.

Defining criteriaDefining criteria

– Breathing becomes conscious, Breathing becomes conscious, unpleasant with effort.unpleasant with effort.

– Develops when ventilation required by Develops when ventilation required by physiologic state exceeds capacity of physiologic state exceeds capacity of lungs and thorax to deliver effectively.lungs and thorax to deliver effectively.

– Is expressed by pt (subjective).Is expressed by pt (subjective).

AntecedentsAntecedents

• Acute Acute – Pneumothorax Pneumothorax – Pulmonary embolus.Pulmonary embolus.– Asthma Asthma – Pulmonary edema.Pulmonary edema.– Respiratory infection… etcRespiratory infection… etc

• ChronicChronic– Recurrent pulmonary emboli.Recurrent pulmonary emboli.– Benign or malignant plural effusions.Benign or malignant plural effusions.– Fibrosing alvolitis.Fibrosing alvolitis.– Anemia.Anemia.

ConsequencesConsequences

– Anxiety Anxiety – Apprehension.Apprehension.– Fear.Fear.– Fatigue/ exhaustion.Fatigue/ exhaustion.– Sleeplessness.Sleeplessness.– Inability to talk.Inability to talk.– Decreased activity of self care.Decreased activity of self care.– Dehydration.Dehydration.

Breathlessness leads to acid/ base Breathlessness leads to acid/ base imbalance which can lead to total imbalance which can lead to total body system failurebody system failure

•Model Model : describe a client with one or more : describe a client with one or more antecedents (1+), all the defining criteria and antecedents (1+), all the defining criteria and perhaps one or more (1+) consequences.perhaps one or more (1+) consequences.

– Related:Related: client experience dyspnea only. client experience dyspnea only.

• Borderline:Borderline: He/ she was breathless He/ she was breathless with desire Example of metaphoric with desire Example of metaphoric use of the term.use of the term.

• Contrary:Contrary: eupneic individual with no eupneic individual with no defining criteria present.defining criteria present.

Breathlessness leads to acid/ base Breathlessness leads to acid/ base imbalance which can lead to total imbalance which can lead to total body system failure which can lead body system failure which can lead to death.to death.