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CONCEPT NOTE
Project Title: Capacity Development for Adaptation to Climate Change & GHG Mitigation in Non Annex I Countries
Acronym: C3D +
Locations: Africa, Asia, Pacific, and Caribbean SIDS.
Contact Person: Mamadou DIAKHITE, Manager, UNITAR Climat Change Programme This project is currently financed by:
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PROJECT OVERVIEW
HYPOTHESIS It is now well documented that the GHG emissions of developing countries, in particular CO2
emissions, will grow considerably (even if they remain extremely low on a per capita basis). Although their energy intensity may continue to grow, developing countries have considerable opportunities to reduce their GHG emissions by making sustainable decisions consistent with their development path goals. In this context, meeting the challenges of climate change can only be successfully addressed through an effective multilateral negotiation process, one in which all members of the international community actively participate with solid local training and information.
PROJECT GOAL
Improve the ability of developing countries to address the impacts of climate change through adaptation measures and planning mitigation strategies.
OBJECTIVE Enhance the capacity of regional centers of excellence located in developing countries to assist their stakeholders address climate change by increasing relevant human and institutional capacities that ; • Place developing countries in a better position to effectively engage in the UNFCCC process in
support of the development and implementation of a global and comprehensive post‐2012
climate change agreement1;
• Generate knowledge and enhance skills to understand climate science thereby supporting and enabling the decision making and planning process;
• Promote dialogue that leads to mainstreaming climate change issues into national sustainable development strategies and country development programming.
ACTIVITY SUMMARY
The centres of excellence will engage in two main activities that contribute to building human and institutional capacity and will include;
• Develop in an interactive manner a set of training modules and tools, including surveys , case studies , trainer of trainers’ courses, validation workshops e.t.c in adaptation to climate change, GHG mitigation and poverty eradication/sustainable development by local and regional centres
• Design and implement at local , national and regional level;
o Internal training capacity for six regional centres and institutional project partners; o Face to face training workshops, including courses taught at educational universities and
centres (fellowships, climate science summer courses ) o Open source, online training curriculum; o Outreach and networking
EXPECTED RESULTS
• Increased capacity and ability of the regional centers to deliver training, including equipping a 20‐seat computer laboratory for use in training in Cape Town;
• Increased involvement of the regional centers in international training activities; • Contribute to the development and testing of climate risk screening tools for different levels of
decision making; • Train 2000/3000 persons from developing countries; and • Hold at least 12 training/national and/or thematic workshops.
TARGETD COUNTRIES
• Angola, Burkina Faso, Benin, Cameroon, Ethiopia, the Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau,
Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda and Zambia.
• Cambodia India, Laos PDR, China, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, The Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam.
• Belize, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Niue, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.
1 This project will also contribute to the Global Climate Change Alliance GCCA initiative and the “CARIFORUM” agreements.
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PROJECT DURATION
Start Date 2009 ‐ End date 2011
BUDGET SUMMARY
BUGDET SUMMARY TOTAL COSTS
Tools and methods development and testing 2.235.000 Institution and capacity building 4.809.000 Coordination & management 815.000 TOTAL direct costs 7.859.000 Project support costs @ 7% 550.130 TOTAL EUR 8.409.130
FUNDRAISINGSUMMARY
DONOR
GRANT CONTRIBUTION
EC AIDCO 2,500,000 Austrian Development Agency 300,000 Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)
62,613
Total Grant Contribution 2,862,613
Total Project cost 8.409.130 FUNDRAISING TOTAL EUR
5,546,517
CONTACT Mamadou Moussa DIAKHITE Manager, UNITAR Climate Change Programme Palais des Nations, CH‐1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland T.+41 22 78582 F. +41 22 917 8047 E. [email protected] http://www.c3d‐unitar.org/
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1. RATIONALE
This project Capacity Development for Adaptation to Climate change & GHG Mitigation in non Annexe I countries (C3D+) aims to support enhancing the capacities of developing countries to not only better integrate into the international process, including the up‐coming negotiations, but to also improve negotiating positions through training. The rationale for developing screening options and tools for climate change adaptation and GHG mitigation is that it assists and enables users to assess and evaluate the value of information especially when choosing among different options. This is the best course of action to guide the decision‐making processes and reduces the uncertainty in decision‐making and ensures confidence in planned, successful responses by Non‐Annex I countries in the context of global and comprehensive post‐2012 climate change agreement.
C3D+ is the continuation of a previous Climate Change Capacity Development C3D project that brought together three centres of excellence to form a network that successfully developed training modules on adaptation and vulnerability, sustainable development, risk communication and climate change tools whilst delivering training in Africa and Asia. Building on this experience, the C3D+ projects has been expanded to include other centres of excellence and now includes centres from Africa, Asia, the Pacific, and the Caribbean supported by
other partners from Europe and North America, hence enhancing the network’s ability to deliver targeted training and capacity development projects at national and regional level. The main assumptions for the success of this project is that the project partners, and mostly the centres maintain their interest in climate change related issues, retain their staff, remain committed to the project and motivated to assume ownership. Other direct project stakeholders must remain actively engaged in the training strategy which is one of the key risks, since it involves close coordination and smooth cooperation between several institutions and individuals based in very different locations.
UNITAR’s Climate Change Programme plays a key role in ensuring that both coordination and cooperation does not break. A set of progress targets for the monitoring of this project will be jointly formulated with project partners with the view to responding to multi‐donor requirements as UNITAR has developed for the ACCCA project currently funded by 4 different donors. A monthly reporting journal will be posted on the project platform and will allow on‐line monitoring to all platform users.
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2. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
2.1 Two main activities will be carried out:
1. Development and testing of Climate change tools and methods and institution; and
2. Institution and individual capacity building for climate change decision making.
2.2 Development and testing of climate change tools and methods:
Partners will develop in an interactive manner a set of training modules and tools, including surveys, case studies, training of trainer’s courses, validation workshops, etc. on adaptation to climate change, GHG mitigation and poverty eradication/sustainable development. (see the table below and page 19 the detailed technical explanation annexe )
Climate Change Context Framing • Using CRisTAL in the Context Framing for Adaptation Decision‐Making in Pacific Island States with
SPREP, IISD and SEI.
• Using CRiSTAL‐Forests with CIFOR and IISD.
• Using CRisTAL for Community‐based Adaptation in Niger, Zambia, Senegal and Gambia with ENDA and IISD.
• Action Impact Matrix Development (macro analysis of climate change issues) by MIND. Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement Tool • Action Impact Matrix Development (Stakeholder analysis) by MIND and SEI. • Climate change mainstreaming in the Pacific Island Countries by MIND with SPREP. Climate Change Envelopes • Contribution to the Climate Change Explorer Tool by SEI with CSAG. • Contribution to the Climate Change Explorer Tool, by SPREP with SEI and CSAG. • Contribution to the Climate Change Explorer Tool, by ENDA with SEI.
Climate Change Decision Tool • Contribution to a Decision Tool by SEI
Climate Change Risk Communication • Contribution to the Climate Change Risk Communication Module (SEI and CSAG) • Understanding User Needs: Targeting the Delivery and Communication of Climate Information
(CSAG and SEI) • Contribution to the climate risk communication module (ENDA and SEI) Energy - Poverty and Climate Change Mitigation • Integrating energy and climate change policies into poverty alleviation strategy • Development of a mitigation Analysis Tool to support National Communications (ERC) • Development of a mitigation Analysis Tool to support National Communications (ERC) • Indicators to assess Climate Change Impact at Energy Services Project Level (ENDA) • Cities and Climate Change Analysis
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2.3 Institution and individual capacity building: Partners will design and implement; (a) internal training capacity for six regional centres and institutional project partners using outputs developed under 3.1; (b) deliver face to face training workshops including courses taught at educational universities and centres (fellowships, summer courses) as well as (c) establish open source, on‐line training curriculum and (d) engage in outreach/networking. The full document is available at UNITAR climate change programme with detailed activities, outputs and expected results. The boxes below offer a summary of key activities for each project partner.
2.4 The Regional Centres of excellence and planned activities CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY CLIMATE CHANGE CENTRE (CCCCC): SHORT DESCRIPTION: was established by the CARICOM heads of government and is the official repository and clearing house for regional climate change data, providing climate change‐related policy advice and guidelines to the Caribbean Community Member States through the CARICOM Secretariat. PLANNED ACTIVITIES: Training, Institutional capacity building and pilot projects in the agriculture sector
- Provide information on climate change to the farming community, CARDI professionals agricultural professionals and researchers;
- Provide training in research methodology related to the assessment climate change impact on agriculture;
- Train policy‐makers about agricultural practices in agriculture adaptation to climate change; - Refurbish the Meteorological stations on all CARDI field stations and selected national systems; - Automatic Recording stations; and provision of requisite software and hardware for modelling
capabilities at selected CARDI units and national agricultural ministries.
Institutional capacity building for the Caribbean Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH) - Develop and implement a framework for the application of weather, climate and climate change
information in the Caribbean States - Carry out pilot projects carried in four Caribbean territories on the effects of climate change,
including extreme events on the production of important economic commodities in the future - Investigate the occurrence of severe Weather in the Eastern Caribbean - Special capacity building activities ICT for Adaptation to Climate Change and Climate Variability; - Establish support structures within existing mechanisms Contract institutions (including the
University West Indies and CIMH) for provision of support/ monitoring services; - Host a multi‐sectoral hands‐on training Workshop on Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments
for the Caribbean Region to improve the regional knowledge base for regional decision‐making for climate change adaptation; with the preparation and publication and of training materials; 3 regional workshops (10 working days) for regional planners in decision making.
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CLIMATE SYSTEM ANALYSIS GROUP (CSAG), UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN : SHORT DESCRIPTION; is the climatology research group hosted in the Environmental and Geographical Sciences (ENGEO) department of the University of Cape Town. CSAG is a dynamic group of multi‐disciplinary scientists with research projects linked to all aspects of the climate system that fall into three primary areas; Global Climate Model applications, Global Climate Change, and South African climate processes. PLANNED ACTIVITIES: CSAG will build on its resources and experiences in climate change training to enhance its capacity to host regular workshops and short course activities on using regional climate change information. Underpinning this focused activity is the development of ancillary material, data and other relevant regional change information, and follow‐up procedures for consolidation of knowledge, learning and application. The workshops form the core and will run in a “summer school” format, whereby participants will spend focused time on modules spanning the core topics around the use and application of regional climate change information to support the summer school CSAG will: - Establish a 20‐seat computer lab for use in training: Existing computer lab facilities within the
university are already largely committed for core university activities. This proposal will enhance the computer lab facilities of the Environmental and Geographical Science (EGS2) department at UCT for climate change training activities held at UCT.
- Develop course structure and training material: While much of the training material on a range of topics has been developed in recent years through once‐off training events, this material needs to be structured into cohesive and complementary modules to address the core themes.
ENDA-TM, SENEGAL; SHORT DESCRIPTION: An international organisation based in Dakar, Senegal the primary objective is the alleviation of poverty in the Third World by analyzing the relationships between energy, the environment and development in the light of multilateral environmental agreements in particular the climate change and the desertification conventions. PLANNED ACTIVITIES: Fellowships on Vulnerability & Adaptation : - Two weeks of intensive targeted capacity development in Dakar for 10 Fellows, ENDA’s head
offices, in the form of teaching seminars, practical field visits, discussion forums, skills input and a workshop session;
- Develop individual projects over a 6‐ months period in relation to the central theme of the fellowship conducted at the fellow’s home institution and complete and evaluate these projects and reporting during a final two week session at ENDA in Dakar.
- Summer course on the science of climate change (6 fellowships) on Vulnerability & Adaptation Training of Trainers ‘plus’ Training workshop in Dakar (20 participants
2 EGS is the host department of CSAG at the University of Cape Town
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ENDA –TM PLANNED ACTIVITIES: ENDA-TM, SENEGAL Training Workshop on "Energy services, MDGs and Climate Change” in 2009/2010 - Workshop (40 participants) to promote the development and the use of a “DEA” tool to
evaluate methods using concrete cases effectively responding to real needs, ie what are the effects and the impacts of policies, projects and measures on poverty when they are related to energy and other climate change constraints.
Training Workshop on "Cities and Climate Change ENDA was recently involved in the following initiatives regarding the relation of climate change issues to decision‐making at the local level and will; - review concrete examples, and define an evaluation method of the vulnerability at local level
taking into account the various levels of uncertainty; - Test the method in 2 secondary cities in close cooperation with local decision‐makers; and - Validate the method with a panel of experts, local decision‐makers and stakeholders during a
workshop in 2010. Mainstreaming Climate Change into ENDA’s offices and Internal ENDA staff training. - Conduct in‐house training in seminar sessions, workshops and fieldwork by collaborating with
other ENDA entities, using developing existing tools, include training on crosscutting themes such as gender, ethics, monitoring and evaluation; production of pedagogic tools to support workshop activities both for workshops themselves and for reference afterwards, particularly CD/DVDs, relevant web platforms/pages, manuals;
- Carry out evaluation exercise on workshops to ascertain if objectives have been met and analysing means of improvements for future exercises, Conducting training in ICTs, particularly in relation to building of web platforms and databases, using HTML, XML and Java to create intranet (ENDA in‐house network) and maintaining a public web presence across the various climate adaptation works; and conducting in‐house workshop for 3‐5 ENDA personnel with expert training in French provided
Create an “Indigenous Knowledge Bank; the database will validate and valorise the vast reservoir of indigenous knowledge and coping strategies that have helped Africa to engage with climate change over time and space. Vulnerability & Adaptation Community‐based Global Network (with CIFOR) - Develop a communications network as a nodal point of a “Network on Vulnerability and
Adaptation” in close collaboration with other initiatives such as the African network. It will enable community scale interest groups to share local wisdom and experiential evidence on climate lives and livelihoods gained at the local level whilst linking to other knowledge sharing platforms.
Core Institutional development review and update of ENDA C3D pedagogic tools: - Revise and enhance existing Vulnerability and Adaptation tools (manuals, CDs); develop new
training tools. - Systematic update of every training tool in the field of climate change - Outreach publications / translation
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SOUTH PACIFIC REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (SPREP) SHORT DESCRIPTION; is a regional organisation established by the governments and administrations of the Pacific region to look after its environment. SPREP has 26 members including all 22 Pacific island countries and territories. PLANNED ACTIVITIES: - Incorporate climate change information into the national curricula for formal primary and
secondary education and tertiary level education. - Improve capacity of Meteorological Services to provide appropriate and timely weather
information and provide early warnings. - Develop the human capacity within SPREP Mainstreaming climate change into key development sectors
- Develop or customize a mainstreaming methodology that takes into consideration climate change technical and policy frameworks and issues;
- Form a mainstreaming team to work with key government sectors to intergrate climate change issues into key sectoral plans and policies;
- Support countries to form V&A teams comprising of people in various agencies and institutions, who can collaborate, integrate their work and be the main contact points in the various agencies to champion adaptation approaches and initiatives. Once the teams are formed a range of capacity building initiatives to be developed in the next component can be implemented.
- Mainstream climate change risk considerations into planning procedures, especially for major infrastructure projects, including the criteria for design, approval and implementation of such projects and considerations
Vulnerability and adaptation technical and policy capacity development Using Inter‐regional Cooperation Develop and operationalize a collaborative platform to connect with other partners e.g. C3D partners. The partners will deliver tailored training courses based on enhanced training materials, to broader Regional audiences on;
- Climate Change, - Sustainable Development Strategy and Poverty Reduction; - Vulnerability and Adaptation; and Mitigation, as well as other practical segments such as - Agriculture, - Rural Development and Climate Change, - Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change, - Water and Climate Change, - Human Health and Climate Change etc.
Active participation in up‐coming UNFCCC events and provide regular outreach on recent and upcoming project activities. Outreach materials will be developed for each of these events to reflect the status of the programme. Contributions to other relevant (e.g. UNFCCC Sec., CGE, NCSP, NCAP, etc.) training initiatives will also be entertained when the need arises.
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MUNASINGHE INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT (MIND) SHORT DESCRIPTION; is a private non‐profit, multi‐disciplinary organisation, addressing sustainable development issues worldwide. It seeks to make development more sustainable by better integration and balanced consideration of the Sustainable Development Triangle‐ based on the social, economic, and environmental dimensions. PLANNED ACTIVITIES: Training on climate change and sustainable development - Expand and refine the existing data‐base and training materials, including web based resource,
MIND staff and consultants will review the latest information on CC‐SD and upgrade the training resources. Special attention will be paid to web based information and tools;
- Upgrade and improve the analytical tools (including acquisition of tools from other partners): Existing MIND models, including sectoral and macro models and the Action Impact Matrix (AIM) methodology will be reviewed and improved. Special attention will be paid to acquiring and adapting tools and teaching materials available from other partners through collaborative work;
- Upgrade staff knowledge and training skills; staff will undergo both internal and external training to both broaden and deepen substantive knowledge of the subject material as well as teaching skills.
- Eight workshops are planned under the extended training programme during 2009‐2011; 3 in China, 1 in India and 2 in Sri Lanka.
Summer school on Climate Change and Sustainable development CC‐SD - To target developing country decision‐makers, policy analysts, researchers, business and civil
society leaders and the concerned public (especially from Asia), on key aspects of the CC‐SD. Special emphasis will be placed on the country vulnerabilities, adaptation and knowledge gaps, to develop and build capacity in the developing countries to test and validate the training methods and materials.
- IT facilities will be strengthened as a key element of the summer school, including a computer lab and video conference facilities; summer training workshops for selected developing country participants will be organized and conducted in Colombo, starting 2010. 2 multi‐countries (for smaller countries) as part of the summer school.
- Training modules will be packaged according to their target audience (e.g. decision‐makers or researchers). MIND training material on CC‐SD will be upgraded and adapted, including documents analytical tools and web‐based resources. Existing material will form the core of the initial training workshops, while new training material will be developed and added during 2009‐2011.
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3. OTHER PROJECT PARTNERS
Four other project partners are closely involved with the tool development and testing methods (further described in the technical Annex (see page 16) as well as the monitoring and evaluation of the project by UNITAR.
• CIFOR/TroFCCA is a four years effort of the Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and the Tropical Agriculture Centre for Research and Higher Education (CATIE) to contribute to the limited understanding of adaptation and tropical forest ecosystems.
• THE STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE (SEI) led by the SEI Oxford and Cape Town Offices, will contribute to the management and implementation of the action as full member of the Steering Committee, to provide technical assistance and training through the implementation and extension of its platform on climate adaptation. SEI has extensive experience developing and applying methods and protocols for participatory assessment of global change vulnerability and adaptation, including linkages to development policy, and evaluating and promoting response measures.
• THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (IISD) is a non‐profit, non‐governmental research institute demonstrating how human ingenuity can sustainably improve the development of our global environment, economy and society. Their research, expert analysis and policy recommendations provide the knowledge needed by all citizens of the world working towards sustainable development.
• UNITAR ‐ CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMME is currently and has previously managed projects related to mitigation, the CDM, vulnerability and adaptation, sustainable development and climate change interlinkages, the NAPA process, capacity building of Southern negotiations in the UNFCCC process and capacity building of Southern research institutions for adaptation research. Since 2001, the UNITAR Climate Change Programme has taken a country‐driven approach in the development of its projects.
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CONTACT DETAILS United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) Mamadou Moussa Diakhité Manager, UNITAR ‐ Climate Change Programme Palais des Nations, CH – 1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland Tel +41 22 917 85 82 Mobile: +41 79 814 29 39 Fax +41 22 917 80 47 Website: http://www.unitar.org/ccp
Munasinghe Institute for Development (MIND) Dr. Mohan Munasinghe. Sria Munasinghe 10/1 De Fonseka Place Colombo, Sri Lanka Tel +94 11 255 1208 Email: mohan‐[email protected] Email: sria‐[email protected] Website: http://www.mindlanka.org
Environnement et Développement du Tiers Monde (ENDA‐TM) Dr. Jean‐Philippe Thomas Dr. Lawrence Flint 54. Rue Carnot, B.P. 3370 Dakar, Sénégal Tel: + 221 822 59 83 E‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://energie.enda.sn
Secretariat of the Pacific Environment Programme (SPREP) Espen Ronenberg Taito Nakelevu Dr. Asterio R. Takesy, Director. PO Box 240, Apia, Samoa Tel: +68521 1929 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.sprep.org
Energy Research Centre (ERC – UCT) Dr. Andrew Marquard Max Edkins Tel +27 21 650 2100 Tel: +27 21 650 2521 University of Cape Town Private Bag Rondebosch 7700 South Africa Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.erc.uct.ac.za
Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC) Dr. Kenrick R. Leslie, Director Dr. Ulric Trotz 2nd Floor Lawrence Nicholas Building Ring Road, P.O. Box 563 Belmopan City Belize Central America Tel: +011 501 822 1094 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.caribbeanclimate.bz
Centre International Forestry Research (CIFOR)Johnson Nkem Project Coordinator Centre for International Forestry Research CIFOR Barat 161115 Indonesia Fax: +62 251 6222 100 E.mail: [email protected]
International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) Anne Hammill Project Manager, Climate Change and Energy Environemnt and Security International Institute for Sustainable Development IISD International Environment House 2 9 , Chemin de Balexert office 5‐65 1219 Châtelaine, Geneva, Switzerland Tel> +41 22 917 8637 Fax :+41 22 917 8054 E.mail [email protected]
Stockholm Environment Institute Oxford Office Dr. Thomas Downing Ben Smith 266 Banbury Rd, Suite 193 Oxford, OX2 7DL, United Kingdom Tel +44 1865 426316 Fax: +44 0865 421898 Email: [email protected] Websites: http://www.sei.se/oxford http://www.weADAPT.org
Climate System Analysis Group (CSAG‐UCT) Bruce Hewtison University of Cape Town Private bag X 3 Rondebosch , 7701 South Africa Tel: +27 21 650 2784 E.mail: [email protected]
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4. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
This project will be managed by UNITAR Climate Change Programme (CCP). UNITAR will enter into partnerships, with the project partners below who will directly implement the activities.
The Project Management Committee (PMC) will be composed of senior representatives of the 7 regional partner organisations and chaired by UNITAR climate change programme manager. The PMC will directly supervise project execution and communicate/meet via teleconference or email up to four times a year and/or on the margins of the UNFCCC sessions. The Project Advisory Panel (PAP) will be set up in a very informal manner, and include individuals who are regularly following the UNFCCC process; it will be composed of 3 or 4 persons including:
• High‐ranking diplomats/negotiators from developing and developed countries respectively; • A representative from the UNFCCC secretariat; • Leading international experts; and • Donor representatives.
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5. FUNDING
The total anticipated costs of the project is estimated at EUR 8 409 130. As of December 2009, the following sources of funding are committed and in October 2008, a grant of EUR 2,500,000 was approved by EC AIDCO (EuropeAid/DCI‐ENV/2008/149684/TPS) over 36 months.
• The Austrian Development
Agency (ADA) in December 2009 contributed EUR 300,000 to support the activities of the centres of excellence.
• FOEN/ Switzerland is
supporting the UNITAR Climate Change Programme with an annual grant from the Swiss Agency for the Environment (FOEN). The 2009 and 2010 grant request of 300,000 CHF to this agency was approved.
EUR 60,000 of the Swiss grant is allocated to supporting C3D+ activities.
The table below summarise the entire budget of the project. It shows that an amount of 5,546,517 Euros are needed to cover all the planned activities over three years (see also Annex II, the total budget and annual budget, page 15) for an average annual amount is of 2,800.000 per year. Currency: budget in Euros
It is worth noting however that for the Institution and capacity building activities, the CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY CLIMATE CHANGE CENTRE (CCCCC) has budgeted an amount of EUROS 2,922.000 over three years (see line ** above). Other regional partners are requesting lower amount ranging between 75,000 and 400,000 Euros.
DONOR
GRANT CONTRIBUTION
EC AIDCO 2,500,000Austrian Development Agency 300,000Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)
62,613
Total Grant Contribution 2,862,613
Total Project cost 8.409.130 FUNDRAISING TOTAL EUR 5,546,517
BUGDET SUMMARY TOTAL COSTS
Tools and methods development and testing 2.235.000Institution and capacity building 4.809.000Coordination & management 815.000TOTAL direct costs 7.859.000Project support costs @ 7% 550.130 TOTAL EUR 8.409.130
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Finally, the Global Environment Facility (UNDP Programme) is funding a regional five year programme with a total budget of 2,639.000 USD called ‘Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change’. It is implemented by SPREP, the C3D+ partner for the Pacific for this action. Several activities related to methods and tools are referring to the work described in this action that will be done in cooperation with UNITAR‐MIND, SEI and IISD. This programme is included as ‘parallel cost‐sharing’ and will closely interact at regional level which will ensure synergies and coherence at local levels.
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Annexe I: Detailed breakdown of project overall objective, immediate objective, main outputs, activities, indicators, and critical assumptions.
Goal and purpose
Results Indicators Critical Assumptions that need to
be monitored
Overall Objective Development is made more sustainable by integrating climate change into national sustainable development strategies.
Climate change policies (adaptation and GHG mitigation) are mainstreamed into a broader range of development activities.
National policies and documents from a range of sectors (e.g. agriculture, water management, health, energy, etc.) reflect climate change concerns.
Immediate Objective Relevant human and institutional capacities are increased in developing countries.
- Minimum of 500 persons are trained - At least 12 workshops are held - Centres have increased their own capacity to deliver training - Centres become increasingly self-sustained and directly involved
in other international training activities
- Management reports on the capacities of the centres are completed
- Records of other international training activities are made available
- Support and engagement with multilateral agreements and processes on sustainable development and climate change are maintained
- State-level openness to activities continues
- Developing countries continue to pursue sustainable development strategies
Main Outputs 1. High quality, integrated and
cost-effective training activities on sustainable development & climate change are further developed and disseminated on a multi-regional basis.
2. The internal capacity of
regional institutions to deliver training programmes is strengthened.
- Number of tools, analysis and case studies are produced by
centres - Targeted people are selected and registered - Number of people trained - Number of Fellows - A computer training facility (climate modelling/data
downscaling connected to local meteorological stations) using the most powerful software and Internet connection for 20 adult trainees is installed at the University of Cape Town for shared use;
- Same as above in Sri Lanka
- Participant evaluation of workshops
- Lists of participants in regional centres’ training activities
- Training report for trainees - Reports of regional training
centres - Fellows reports
Direct project stakeholders remain actively engaged in the training strategy Centres maintain: - Interest on climate change related
issues; - Staff levels at their centre; - Commitment to the project; and
motivation to assume ownership.
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Activities Inputs Critical assumptions Tools and method development and testing Context framing for adaptation decision-making in Pacific Island States with CRiSTAL Development/validation/testing of a CRiSTAL Forest tool Community-based adaptation in Niger, Zambia and Gambia with CRiSTAL AIM Development context framing AIM Development & Contribution to the stakeholder analysis and engagement component CC mainstreaming in the Pacific Island Countries Contribution to Climate Change Explorer Tool Contribution to the Climate Change Explorer Tool Pacific Countries Contribution to the Climate Change Explorer Tool West Africa Contribution to the Decision Explorer Tool Contribution to the Climate change risk communication module Targeting the delivery and communication of climate information Contribution to the climate change risk communication module Integrating energy and CC policies into poverty alleviation strategy Development of a Mitigation Analysis Tool as support for National Communications Indicators to assess Climate Change impact at energy services project level Cities and Climate Change Analysis
- Develop proposed activities related to tools and methods, as well as other resources/approaches to enhance the work being done on Climate Change in the regions covered by this project.
- Develop tools, methods and materials that will facilitate a
wider dialogue and share of lessons learned on climate change with experts, stakeholders, etc.
- An internet based platform called “weADAPT”
(www.weADAPT.org) is currently being developed and is managed by a group of scientists who will work in close cooperation with the project partners.
- Project partners to develop a set of climate change policy
/training modules in an interactive manner among themselves and by developing collaborative partnerships with leading experts in both developed and developing countries, to encourage effective designs, learning from shared experiences, and sound analyses appropriate for a wide variety of applications.
- Partner centers to work in a collaborative way, building on the existing expertise and experience within each of the center on the six thematic clusters.
- Project partners will be involved
and/or take the lead in the area of their respective skills.
Institution and capacity building • CCCCC • CSAG UCT • ENDA –TM • ERC UCT • SPREP • MIND
- Staff is recruited, managed & core human resources skills are trained
- Internships / visiting scholars are organised by partners. - Case studies are well identified and monitored
- Detailed budget is available and received on time.
- Key staff are still available in each
organisation pending timely reception of funds
Management and coordination Establishment of PMC Establishment of PAP Collaboration with project partners Writing global narratives and financial reports Publication and distribution of final reports
- PMC, PAP meetings and outreach events are organized - Regional partner thematic coordination workshops (one per
cluster) are organized - Administrative and financial oversight functions are
performed.
- Budgets are available and received on time to allow for smooth management without disruption; each partner is able to staff the project with persons with appropriate expertise, experience and communication skills.
- Key staff are still available in each organisation pending timely reception of funds
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Annexe II: BUDGET in Euros TOOLS AND METHODS YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 TOTALClimate change context framing Context framing for adaptation decision‐making in Pacific Island States with CRiSTAL 40.000 40.000 40.000 120.000Development/validation/testing of a CRiSTAL Forest tool 33.333 33.333 33.333 100.000Community‐based adaptation in Niger, Zambia and Gambia with CRiSTAL 30.000 30.000 30.000 90.000AIM Development context framing 58.333 58.333 58.333 175.000
SUB TOTAL 161.667 161.667 161.667 485.000Stakeholder analysis and engagement AIM Development & Contribution to the stakeholder analysis and engagement component 56.667 56.667 56.667 170.000CC mainstreaming in the Pacific Island Countries 133.333 133.333 133.333 400.000
SUB TOTAL 190.000 190.000 190.000 570.000Climate Change Envelopes Contribution to Climate Change Explorer Tool 30.000 30.000 30.000 90.000Contribution to the Climate Change Explorer Tool Pacific 20.000 20.000 20.000 60.000Contribution to the Climate Change Explorer Tool West Africa 20.000 20.000 20.000 60.000
SUB TOTAL 70.000 70.000 70.000 210.000Adaptation to climate change decision screening Contribution to the Decision Explorer Tool 53.333 53.333 53.333 160.000
SUB TOTAL 53.333 53.333 53.333 160.000Climate change risk communication Contribution to the Climate change risk communication module 10.000 10.000 10.000 30.000Targeting the delivery and communication of climate information 26.667 26.667 26.667 80.000Contribution to the climate change risk communication module 16.667 16.667 16.667 50.000
SUB TOTAL 53.333 53.333 53.333 160.000Energy, poverty and climate change mitigation Integrating energy and CC policies into poverty alleviation strategy 166.667 166.667 166.667 500.000Development of a Mitigation Analysis Tool as support for National Communications 30.000 30.000 30.000 90.000Indicators to assess Climate Change impact at energy services project level 10.000 10.000 10.000 30.000Cities and Climate Change Analysis 10.000 10.000 10.000 30.000
SUB TOTAL 216,667 216,667 216,667 650.000 INSTITUTION AND CAPACITY BUILDING CCCCC 974.000 974.000 974.000 2.922.000CSAG UCT 25.000 25.000 25.000 75.000ENDA –TM 165.000 165.000 165.000 495.000ERC UCT 234.000 234.000 234.000 702.000SPREP 83.333 83.333 83.333 250.000
MIND 0 182.500 182.500 365.000
SUB TOTAL 1 .481,833 1.663.833 1.663.833 4.809.000MANAGEMENT COORDINATION & MONITORING Programme Management 100.000 100.000 100.000 300.000Regional partner thematic coordination (6 workshops) 120.000 120.000 120.000 360.000Publication/website/outreach 16.667 16.667 16.667 50.000Travel 15.000 15.000 15.000 45.000Equipment and stationery 10.000 10.000 10.000 30.000Office costs 10.000 10.000 10.000 30.000
SUB TOTAL 271.667 271.667 271.667 815.000
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ANNEX III
AN EXPLANATORY NOTE ON COMPONENT A TOOLS AND METHODS
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE & GHG MITIGATION IN NON ANNEX I COUNTRIES The activities described in the section tools and methods of the project “Capacity Development for Adaptation to Climate Change & GHG Mitigation in Non Annex I Countries” will result in the development of better adapted tools and methods for use in the project’s specific regions, as well as specific guidance or training based upon case studies, lessons learnt and other validation exercises. Several specific outputs are proposed under each of the tools/methods for adaptation to climate change listed below which include tool development, guidance documents (including publications, briefing notes and on‐line documentation of lessons learnt) exemplary prototypes and training materials that are summarized in this note. The figure below shows the logic of the various clusters among the various tools and methods outlined in this annex.
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1. THE CLIMATE CHANGE CONTEXT FRAMING CLUSTER 1.1 Context framing for adaptation decision‐making in Pacific Island States with CRiSTAL 1.2 Development/validation/testing of a CRiSTAL Forest tool 1.3 Community‐based adaptation in Niger, Zambia and Gambia with CRiSTAL 1.4 AIM Development context framing Adaptation to climate variability and change is a social process. It requires us to assess and respond to past climatic impacts, to increase adaptive capacity and resilience to multiple stresses, and to formulate plans and policies in ways which reduce the risk of adverse outcomes in the future. The purpose of the climate change context framing work will be to develop a contextual understanding of the appropriate entry points and gaps in the existing cultural and political frameworks; help to identify the aim of the adaptation project (e.g. climate proofing and climate resilience), the needs and opportunities related to setting policy aims, objectives, targets and monitoring systems, and assess the key priorities for the selected adaptation options. Based on the discussions at the June 2008 workshop in Bonn, as well as a number of follow‐up interactions, a number of opportunities for using and improving the CRiSTAL and AIM tools were identified among the partners. The opportunities are mostly linked to providing training in the application of these tools, validating their contributions to adaptation decision‐making, and improving or adjusting the tool to suit the specific needs of targeted users. Moreover, the proposed application of these can be undertaken independently or in combination with other adaptation tools, such as the Climate Change Explorer (see xx). Several case studies will be carried out, using, among other, the CRiSTAL tool. Capacity building, training and policy dialogue should be grounded in real life experience gained on the ground with vulnerable communities. In the past year C3D has enabled ENDA to develop a programme of pilot actions on community based adaptation in Africa which is building on past experience. ENDA will conduct Participative Action Research through social learning in small, easily definable project locations where experiential climate information is sought from local life and livelihoods evidence, vulnerability identified and catalogued to which climate science is applied and made meaningful, understandable and deployable in the local situation. Local meteorological departments will be involved and conduct much of the work in the vernacular. Adaptation priorities are then produced and screened, and capacity assessed and buttressed in order to implement adaptation actions. In addition, climate change adaptation/mitigation measures ultimately must be implemented at national levels. These measures will receive attention from only if they are successfully integrated into national sustainable development (SD) strategy. To facilitate this process, the Action Impact Matrix (AIM) has been developed and previously applied by MIND to analyse climate change and sustainable development linkages, with considerable practical success. It is a strategic tool that helps to better understand interactions among key elements, at the country‐specific level: national development policies and goals; and climate change adaptation (including key vulnerabilities) and mitigation. Linking Climate Change Adaptation, Mitigation and SD to exploit synergies and resolve trade‐offs. This activity will build on AIM as a strategic tool for policy analysis, which helps to study the inter‐linkages that exist among seemingly independent elements such as for example national macro‐economic policies, external shocks (like energy prices and food scarcity) and climate change adaptation and mitigation options. Specific AIM steps include:
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• Step 1: Multi‐Level Contest framing: This tool develops the aspects of the existing AIM approach that analyses key economic, environmental and social interactions to identify potential barriers to making development more sustainable (MDMS) – including climate change and other external pressures. It will help to frame the overall context by determining the priority macro policies and strategies in economic, environmental and social spheres that facilitate the implementation of climate change adaptation and mitigation to overcome the effects of climate change. The context framing will be pursued at national, sect oral and local levels.
• Step 2: Linking Climate Change Adaptation, Mitigation and Sustainable Development to exploit
synergies and resolve trade‐offs: Based on the broad context framing in step, the second step will build on AIM as a strategic tool for analysis of specific remedial policies that have emerged from step1, by studying the inter‐linkages that exists among seemingly independent elements such as for example macro‐economic policies, external pressures (like high energy prices and food security), and climate change adaptation and mitigation options. The AIM approach will be developed to further promote a more integrated view, exploiting synergies and resolving trade‐offs. At the national level, the linkage may be made in two complementary and interlinked ways:
- Upward link: where adaptation and mitigation options are embedded in the macro‐level national development strategy of a country via the medium – to long‐term sustainable development path including building‐up of adaptive and mitigative capacity.
- Downward link : where adaptation and mitigation options are integrated into the sub national level development strategy in the short to medium –term by carrying out sustainable development assessments aimed at making specific projects and policies more sustainable.
2. THE STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS CLUSTER 2.1 Action Impact Matrix Development & Contribution to the stakeholder analysis and engagement component 2.2 Climate Change mainstreaming in the Pacific Island Countries Identification of stakeholders and developing a plan for their participation throughout the screening process (see 1) will be based on sound stakeholder analysis. This theme will discuss the design of stakeholder engagement processes in order to support the full involvement of all those concerned with an outcome of a project or who have power to influence a decision. Not all stakeholders have equal access to information and some may require more support in order to be able to participate on an equal footing with others. Effective use of stakeholders requires that use the right stakeholders in the right place at the right time and undertake appropriate analysis of the elicited information. The techniques available are diverse and care must be taken to ensure that appropriate tools are chosen. This has been identified as the most effective way of addressing the threat of climate change. This exercise will be applied to the Pacific Island countries (and others in the AOSIS group) who are facing especially severe threats, 1) their vulnerability to sea level rise and climate induced extreme events and 2) their economies, already under stress from other developments like rising oil prices and food scarcity.
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3. THE CLIMATE CHANGE ENVELOPPE CLUSTER
3.1 Contribution to Climate Change Explorer Tool 3.2 Contribution to the Climate Change Explorer Tool in the Pacific 3.3 Contribution to the Climate Change Explorer Tool West Africa Adaptation to climate variability and change is a social process which includes assessing and responding to present and future impacts, planning to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes, and increasing adaptive capacity and resilience in responding to multiple stresses. Another key step is to make use of the best available science to identify conditions and risks—the present extent, condition and trends and how they may be exhibited in years to come—and their relevance for adaptation strategies and actions. There are volumes of climate data available from various sources, often of little use to who do not have the time to track down data sources or the expertise to reformat, re‐project and load them into appropriate analytical tools. Successful integration and dissemination is dependent on creating flexible and scalable frameworks that provide complex analysis tools for advanced users and deliver information to a wider audience in ways that will allow these users to evaluate how best they may be applied. The Climate Change Explorer (CCE) is a tool that aims to facilitate the gathering of climatological information and its application to adaptation strategies and actions. The CCE packages data access routines with guidance and customized analytical and visualization procedures. Currently in prototype deployment‐phase, the Climate Change Explorer Tool is a collaboration led by Climate Systems Analysis Group at the University of Cape Town and AWhere, Inc. with contributions from the Stockholm Environment Institute and the University of Exeter and in cooperation with UNITAR and the EC multi donor funded Advancing Capacity for Climate Change Adaptation Program (ACCCA) project. It provides users with a sound analytical foundation from which to explore the climate variables relevant to their particular adaptation decisions, and is designed to simplify the tasks associated with the extraction, query and analysis of climate information. The CCE encourages users to focus on the conditions, assumptions and uncertainties of model‐based statements about future climate. This enables them to evaluate the relevance of the information, the appropriateness of response options, and to make an informed assessment of risk. The overall objective of analysis is to support adaptive management and planning responses to climate change by providing information and guidance on the results from climate models, in ways that will allow the potential user of the information to evaluate how best it may be applied. The Climate Change Explorer (CCE) provides a way for users to focus on several key assumptions regarding the interpretation of climate science: - Only by understanding the conditions, assumptions and uncertainties of model‐based statements
about future climate can evaluate the relevance of the information, the appropriateness of response options, and so make an informed assessment of risk.
- An envelope analysis of ensembles, rather than a single model, is the only way of addressing the uncertainty inherent in making a decision which is influenced by the future evolution of the climate system. These envelopes of climate change help define the climatological boundaries of potential climate change from a wide range of multi‐model projections, driven by the search for climate spaces from the needs of specific localities.
- Exposure and adaptation are context‐specific. In climate analysis, one size does not fit all. This requires the analysis of different variables, time frames and analytical representations. An
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interactive exploration of the climate science is therefore critical to the provision of useful information, and appropriate contextualization for decision support.
The delivery of climate information encourages users to become familiar with displaying and querying climate data, from a quick scan of future envelopes through to more detailed, downscaled information to explore the local scale details of regional change. A central feature of the CCE is that it not only provides analytical routines but also access to downscaled climate data, and user‐guidance through a wizard‐style interface. The CCE encourages users to focus on the conditions, assumptions and uncertainties of model‐based statements about future climate. This enables them to evaluate the relevance of the information, the appropriateness of response options, and to make an informed assessment of risk. The overall objective of analysis is to support adaptive management and planning responses to climate change by providing information and guidance on the results from climate models, in ways that will allow the potential user of the information to evaluate how best it may be applied.
Design of the Climate Change Explorer
The Climate Change Explorer (CCE) provides a way for users to focus on several key assumptions regarding the interpretation of climate science:
• Only by understanding the conditions, assumptions and uncertainties of model‐based statements about future climate can decision‐makers evaluate the relevance of the information, the appropriateness of response options, and so make an informed assessment of risk.
• An envelope analysis of ensembles, rather than a single model, is the only way of addressing the uncertainty inherent in making a decision which is influenced by the future evolution of the climate system. These envelopes of climate change help define the climatological boundaries of potential climate change from a wide range of multi‐model projections, driven by the search for climate spaces from the needs of specific localities.
• Exposure and adaptation are context‐specific. In climate analysis, one size does not fit all. This requires the analysis of different variables, time frames and analytical
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representations. An interactive exploration of the climate science is therefore critical to the provision of useful information, and appropriate contextualization for decision support.
• The delivery of climate information encourages users to become familiar with displaying and querying climate data, from a quick scan of future envelopes through to more detailed, downscaled information to explore the local scale details of regional change. A central feature of the CCE is that it not only provides analytical routines but also access to downscaled climate data, and user‐guidance through a wizard‐style interface.
The analytics code for user interest on the Climate Change Explorer tool suggests that at least 150 people have downloaded the tool in the last 6 months. There are likely to be more people who received individual training sessions, demonstrations and workshop presentations on the tool and these will be collated into a user database for the activities outlined above. 4. THE ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE DECISION SCREENING CLUSTER 4.1 Contribution to the Climate Change Adaptation Decision Explorer It is not possible to forecast all consequences of climate change and their impacts to the society; however, a computer aided tool such as the Climate Change Adaptation Decision Explorer tool, CADx can still be beneficial to decision‐makers if the tool helps them make decisions, for example, by eliminating 'noisy' options. Climate change involves deep uncertainties and adaptation to climate change is a type of strategic (long term) decision‐making. In most cases, conventional approaches may not be applicable and need to use appropriate methods to handle particular types of uncertainties. Otherwise, it will get more creditability or safer to test the analysis in multiple analysis. The potential users of the CADx will be analysts or engineers working for decision‐makers such as donor agencies or policy‐makers. The CADx will help the analysts identify relevant information and consequently appropriate adaptation options to their decision‐makers. The relevant information can be selected according to similarities in situations, required methods, or merely their human networks. Therefore, the purpose of this tool is to support decision‐making processes related to adaptation to climate change for the policy‐maker, directly and indirectly; the tool will provide opportunities to learn from existing knowledge without carrying out new primary research, nor relying on one approach. To explore decision making options, we have to identify adaptation options. Some options may be gathered from experience such as project reports and conversations with other decision makers, or other options can be suggested theoretically. In other words, we cannot explore options which have not been experienced or discussed as potential options. Much information might be useful to make decisions, but the real question is how to explore multiple options selected by different analytical methods and studies. For example, if two relevant studies with cost‐benefit analysis and multi‐criteria analysis choose the different sets of adaptation options, a decision maker needs to know which options should be more appropriate. Therefore, some mechanism to explore potential adaptation options is needed. This visual tool (see Figure below) can constitute a useful approach to make adaptation options comparable.
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Exploring Decisions
CADx will:
• Map potential adaptation options to ascertain whether there exists a logical choice of among the available options to.
- Allow decision makers to explore options by methods. For example, the options 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Figure 6 left) were identified by Multi‐Criteria Analysis as good adaptation options in previous studies. Similarly, the options 2, 4, 5, and 6 were selected by Cost‐Benefit Analysis; and the options 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 (Figure 6 left) were selected by Participatory Action Research.
- Alternatively allow to explore by social network: the decision maker will be informed about what other people (councils in this example) are doing. CADx will provide analytical functions to allow decision makers to explore options via known networks of options. In this situation, the decision maker may put more weight on those options 5 and 6 (Figure 6, right).
5. THE CLIMATE CHANGE RISK COMMUNICATION CLUSTER 5.1 Contribution to the Climate change risk communication module 5.2 Targeting the delivery and communication of climate information5.3 Contribution to the climate change risk communication module Climate change risk communication is about more than delivering a message using specific techniques, it is about setting a process in motion that will encourage learning and the exchange of information, possibly even change the perceptions and behaviors of the target audience. Again, because adaptation is a process of social learning, developing appropriate communication tools that allow stakeholders to build consensus on adaptation options through shared information and a common vision are an essential component of the project design. Projections of climate change are a significant source of uncertainty for the decision‐making process. The interpretation of available data to inform specific decisions should therefore be weighed against expert opinion on the uncertainties inherent in the models and reliability of specific outputs. That is, even the best available models or datasets, regardless of their link to direct/indirect data and
(Ordinal information)
Awareness Action
(Cardinal
information)
Low
costH
igh cost 1
2
3 4
5
6
7
8
9
1011
MCA CBA
PAR
Exploring adaptation options by methods
(Ordinal information)
Awareness Action
(Cardinal
information)
Low
costH
igh cost 1
2
3 4
5
6
7
8
9
1011
Optioned by council “A”
Exploring adaptation options by social network
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observed/hypothesized relationships are in essence an oversimplification of the complex interactions and feedbacks between the components of the climate system. These uncertainties arise from imperfect scientific knowledge, computational constraints, mathematical reductions (parameterizations) of climate phenomena, and inevitable impacts of surprises, which may alter the trajectories of climate. Yet in the complex nexus of what actions to take and at what cost, concise, user friendly guidance on understanding climate change information is still lacking. Moreover, less attention has been given to communicating how model inputs can be interpreted in ways that will help leverage the best available data and synthesis tools when addressing the problem. Most discouraging is the paucity of coherent guidance on dealing with the deep uncertainties inherent in model outputs, a point that is desperately important to identifying effective adaptation strategies. Understanding of user needs and targeting the delivery and communication of climate information will help decision makers in properly assessing the risk factors involved. To date, few tools or exercises provide the much‐needed climate relevant to decision makers. Most discouraging is the paucity of work conducted at the nexus between climate scientists and those concerned with making decisions. It is against this background and with the ultimate goal of improving the understanding, packaging, delivery and communication of climate information that this project sets a process in motion that will encourage the exchange of information among providers of climate data and users. Specifically, the project seeks to evaluate, develop and test the design of custom road maps to the access and interpretation of climate information by target users3, allowing them to draw not only correct inferences from climate data, but also to apply these data in the realm of planning responses. A special emphasis is placed on understanding the decision‐making context of target users, particularly with respect to their contextual constraints and the role of uncertainty in their decisions. This is also expected to provide valuable insight on how to improve the delivery of climate information. Climate change science is only recently maturing enough to provide much needed answers to a growing base of decision makers. The methodology employed here could be used to identify priority target groups, and would be helpful in the development of more efficient training modules and data delivery systems for the use of climate information. This is a relatively new field, and builds on relatively few experiences to date in evaluating how to make climate change information accessible and relevant to those who are tasked with making decisions about adaptation. This work will document, collect and disseminate the experience and insights of climate modellers, highlighting the contributions that the climate science community can provide to the task at hand. The method will couple user surveys and interviews with pedagogical and innovative communication and visualization techniques in an iterative manner to develop test and redesign the deliverables proposed.
3 The identification of target users is a part of this project.
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6. THE ENERGY, POVERTY AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CLUSTER 6.1 Integrating energy and Climate Change policies into poverty alleviation strategy 6.2 Development of a Mitigation Analysis Tool as support for National Communications 6.3 Indicators to assess Climate Change impact at energy services project level 6.4 Cities and Climate Change Analysis The elements of this cluster are regrouping all activities involving practical action research with a focus on energy, poverty and climate change. They fit in both the cluster 5 and 6. While there is a rapidly‐growing literature on poverty and adaptation to climate change, the potential linkages between poverty alleviation and climate change mitigation is less well explored. The link was partially explored in the IPCC’s Third Assessment Report (IPCC 2001: Chapter 5.1), and highlighted in the Fourth Assessment Report, where linkages were expressed in terms of a sustainable development approach to both mitigation and adaptation (IPCC 2007: Chapter 1.2.3.1) in the introductory chapter, the specific relationship between sustainable development and mitigation (the subject of Chapter 12), and specifically in terms of co‐benefits of specific mitigation measures in the energy sector (Chapter 6.6). Finding linkages between poverty alleviation, development and climate change is critical to the global mitigation effort (Davidson et al. 2003; Heller & Shukla 2003). The two‐way connection between mitigation and socio‐economic development paths needs better understanding to enable more focused action, especially in the light of the importance now being attached to Sustainable Development Policies and Measures, also called “SD‐PAMs”, in the current negotiations on post‐2012 commitments. It is likely that developing countries will undertake to implement mitigation activities in some form either based on emissions reductions relative to a baseline, or via a commitment to SD‐PAMs. There are three problem contexts in which energy, poverty and climate change mitigation intersect in developing countries: • The problem of energy poverty – the lack of accessible and/or affordable and safe energy services
to the poor, which require various policy interventions, including an increase in the availability of appropriate energy services (intervention in infrastructure, markets etc). Aside from the direct provision of energy services, poverty is also directly related to energy‐dependent services such as transport/mobility.
• The broader relationship between energy provision and growth in the economy required to create economic opportunities for the poor – generally, economic growth requires increasing the supply of energy services. The imperatives of climate change mitigation mean that this can no longer be done through increased supply of carbon‐based energy sources.
• The requirement to switch to a low‐carbon development path, which has significant implications for employment, welfare, income distribution, and ultimately, the vulnerability of the poor to climate change impacts. For instance, South Africa’s current development path is capital‐ and energy‐intensive, but ineffective in creating employment or distributing income more effectively, and thus a more sustainable development path also holds significant promise for poverty alleviation.
While climate‐friendly energy and poverty alleviation policies will have to be implemented at a national level, as part of an overall sustainable development framework, the parameters for mitigation efforts (finance, technology) will form part of a post‐2012 climate regime. Thus, there are complex linkages between poverty alleviation, energy sector GHG mitigation, and the international climate change policy environment. In addition, as mentioned above, there are significant synergies/possibilities for co‐benefits between resolving energy poverty problems, climate change mitigation, and switching to a sustainable growth path (including options for reducing the
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vulnerability of the poor to climate change impacts). These synergies can only be optimally realised though exploring ways of integrating decision‐making processes in these different spheres. Tackling these problems together requires integrated intervention in two interrelated contexts:
a) At a national level, including intra‐national co‐ordination which will be explored with activities A.6.2, A.6.3 and A.6.4 (national communications, energy services at project level and cities).
b) At an international level, via developing country participation in the current development of a post‐2012 climate regime which will be explored with activity A.6.1 (integration of climate change policies into poverty alleviation).
The tools and methods developed/tested in clusters 1 to 5 will be applied, further developed and refined to respond to the analytical needs of the activities carried out in this cluster.
