Concept of Huawei Radio Network Planning

Concept of Huawei Radio Network PlanningBased on the specified characteristics of network planning, Huawei Company will plan according to the C3Q (Cost, Coverage, Capacity and Quality) theory: Minimizing integrated network construction cost Radio network planning construction runs through the entire lifetime of the network. Early planning must consider demands for the subsequent development to reduce integrated network construction cost. For example, the cost on site acquisition is rising in the center of urban areas. Integrated network construction cost can be efficiently reduced by adopting reasonable inter-site distance scheme to avoid frequently adding sites in capacity expansion at the late stages. Optimizing profitable service coverage: 3G networks feature multiple service. Network resources must be allocated among services. Therefore, it is necessary to determine which service is profitable and its requirements for coverage quality, as well as plan cell radius and coverage schemes. During the early 3G network construction, targeting at high speed data service will waste lots of resources (such as too many sites) because there is no enough services. Maximizing resource capacity: The capacity of 3G radio network is mainly restricted by interference. Reasonable parameter planning can reduce interference within and between cells, increase cell capacity and utilize limited resources to the greatest extent. Huawei realize reliable and efficient power control and radio resource management algorithm with a variety of actual test data and advanced simulation means, which are verified in many customer pilots globally. Besides, Huawei accumulates abundant experience. Optimizing core service quality: Core services have a long-term effect on network development. Although they cannot make a profit in the short term, they can attract users and speed up service development, such as high speed data service. Therefore, optimize the quality of core service coverage in areas where it is available so as to present superiority of 3G radio network in service and performance and improve the operator brand. Basic Flow of WCDMA Network Planning According to the network construction target and network evolution requirement, the network planning considers the cost and selects the appropriate network elements (NE), outputs NE number, NE configuration and determines the inter-NE connection mode to provide the basis for later the engineering implementation. The network planning contains core network planning (concentrating on core network element number and configuration planning), radio network planning (concentrating on RAN element number and configuration planning) and transmission network planning (concentrating on the inter-network element link requirement and connection mode planning).In the construction of mobile communications network, the investment comes from the device investment. 3G network consists of radio access network, transmission network and core network. The investment of radio access network occupies over 70% of the investment of the whole mobile communication network. The scale of radio access network is determined by the site number and site type configuration. The radio network planning determines the data. Therefore, the initial report in this work describes mainly the radio network planning.A complete radio network planning consists of radio network estimation, radio network preplanning and radio network cell planningRadio Network EstimationRadio network estimation is the first link of the entire radio network planning. Its major purpose is to have a qualitative analysis of the future network through the estimation, thus getting an understanding of the network construction scale (appropriate quantity of NodeBs and their configurations). Moreover, on the above foundation, information like the construction period, economic cost and human resource cost budget can be acquired. This stage must work out the network planning target, including network service (service model and mapping relation), network coverage range, coverage quality, network capacity, and cell target load requirement. After determining the network planning target, combining the iteration calculation of coverage capacity through the link budget, we are able to obtain the BTS number, CE number, and lub interface E1 number. In the case of Huawei, the estimation adopts Huawei-developed dedicated radio network estimation tools. The estimation flow is as follows: Calculate the cell radius from the consideration of coverage according to the pre-designed network load. Calculate the cell load in combination with the subscriber distribution and traffic model. Then, compare the calculated cell load with the present value to judge whether the cell is coverage-restricted or capacity-restricted. If the estimation result is coverage-restricted, directly calculate the hardware quantity (quantity of NodeBs, sectors and carriers) needed by NodeB according to the coverage analysis result. If the calculation result is capacity-restricted, it is necessary to shorten the coverage radius at a certain step for coverage and capacity analysis until the minimum difference between the estimated coverage and capacity results is achieved. Finally, we can get the hardware quantity (quantity of NodeBs, sectors and carriers) needed by NodeB. The estimation conclusion must meet both the coverage and capacity requirements. The short-term and long-term network construction targets must be taken into account simultaneously to acquire the most economical and effective plan. Therefore, there is a process of adjustment for coverage and capacity analysis. Radio Network PreplanningThe radio network preplanning is the intermediate stage. Based on the network estimation, further determination of the original layout of BTS, and BTS theoretic location is carried out. The estimation output is then used to perform further planning for the later part of the network. This will determine more accurately the network planning scale and theoretical site location. Thereafter the system simulation is used to verify the network estimation result. At this stage also, apart from selecting the BTS location, the height at which the antenna should be mounted and overall engineering parameters are determined. The Engineering parameters includes but are not limited to antenna mounted height, network hierarchy structure, transmit power, antenna type, mounted height, direction, and tilt angle and partial cell parameters, such as the transmit power of common channel and traffic channel, and quadrature factor. The generated table that contains all the network information relating to what is on site is referred to as the Engineering parameter Table.

PROBLEM DEFINITIONThe adopted approach for estimating the network environment for Port Harcourt for Operator XXX is based on the request of the operator. The selection criterion for locating sites is as enunciated in the following chapter. As found in dictionaries a plan is an arrangement for doing or using something, considered or worked out in advance. Typically a plan is shown by a drawing/scheme. Then, to make a plan is to make preparations and hence consider something in detail and arrange it in advance. Referring to networks, a general interpretation could interact with most other tasks, although the planning task itself is focused on how to evolve the network portfolio managed by an operator. A fundamental gain from planning is certified resource utilization. An effect of this is lower cost of deploying network elements, for example found by running a network optimization program deciding where nodes should be located, nodes should be interconnected and traffic routed in order to minimize the overall cost. In the longer time scope a number of options will be looked at, including different trends of what the industry will look like, how competitors will behave, what customers will ask for, what vendors will offer, and so forth. Having a systematic description of these issues also allows for detecting new business opportunities for a network operator. That is, chances are revealed, and triggers/factors for when to go for these chances are described [3].

PROJECT GOALS

This plan aims to apply models and simulations in the extraction of the relevant data from data, in order to plot the profile of the magnetic field and determine the radio environment in Port Harcourt city for operator XXX.

To perform a preliminary network design to confirm the need for swap / expansion of 3G (UMTS) service in Port Harcourt and collect useful information as it pertains to the dynamics of the environment as well as customers perception.

GENERAL APPROACH

In this qualitative approach, the emphasis will be on the use of simulations and models processes to provide solutions to the Engineering questions. There are two arguments to such data studies [4]; these are the analysis and modelling of the data. While in the analysis attempts are made to characterise the salient features and summarise the data properties; modelling enables the forecasting of future values to be made. To reach the project goals, attempt will be made to answer the following key questions:

What are the characteristics of the radio environment Operator XXX intends to achieve? How do these characteristics relate to the customers expectations and the services to be provided? How is the coverage thresholds variations distributed within Port Harcourt?In this report, a simple preliminary network design for estimating the Port Harcourt region with the cell parameter for operator XXX is presented.REPORT STRUCTUREThe remainder of this report is organized in the following manner; Chapter 2 contains a report of the preliminary network design carried out as well for operator XXX. Chapter 3 introduces the basic theory that applies to the methods used as well as the precautions / rules observed for each of the planning processes carried out as well as how various challenges were overcome. Chapter 4 contains the Bill of Engineering Material and Evaluation as well as the recommendations and conclusion.

37Chapter 2 Preliminary Network Design for Port Harcourt1 IntroductionThis chapter presents the results of the Preliminary Network Design (PND) for the WCDMA Network in Port Harcourt. 46 sites are used to supply the WCDMA coverage as requested by Operator XXX. The design has been performed using Huawei propriety U-Net Radio Network Planning Tool.The inputs for the design are as follows: Digital Morphographical (land usage) database for NigeriaDigital Topographical database for Nigeria.Initial Radio SurveyThe goal of the Radio Network Planning is to optimize site parameters to meet the coverage requirement. In the network design, DBS3900 (BBU3900+RRU3808) is used.The first part of this report presents the coverage thresholds; the second part presents the design site data; the third part presents the predicted coverage output plots from U-Net Radio Planning Tool. This design has been made to provide coverage for Port Harcourt using the following sites shown below:Table 2.1 - NameLongitudeLatitudeAltitude (m)Status

UBAY0016.10632E4.971337N[8]Expansion

UBNY0017.17375E4.43689N[5]Expansion

UBNY0027.1605E4.40093N[4]Expansion

UPAR0026.99856E4.79006N[14]Expansion











































Coverage Thresholds and Traffic RequirementCoverage ThresholdsThe following thresholds are used to represent the predicted WCDMA coverage in Port Harcourt.Table 2.2 Coverage threshold resultsNo.Rx Level Threshold

RSCP(dBm)Ec/Io(dB)

1-50-6Deep Indoor coverage

2-60-6Indoor coverage one wall urban

3-65-8Indoor one wall suburban

4-75-8Indoor coverage

5-95-12Outdoor Coverage

Available BandwidthWe consider frequency bandwidth of 5MHz for WCDMA.Design Data Antenna UsedANT-A19451803Antenna gain of 18dBi for UMTSHorizontal beamwidth is 65 degreesCell parameterThe Engineering Parameters used in the Design are shown in the attached object. However, these parameters are subject to future change.Site NameCell NameAntennaHeight (m)Azimuth ()Mechanical Downtilt ()Electrical Downtilt ()Main propagation modelMain resolution (m)Extended propagation modelDL FrequencyCarrier NumberMax Shared Power (dBm)

UBAY001UBAY001_165deg 18dBi 2Tilt534002Cost-Hata50(none)2122.6143



UBNY001UBNY001_165deg 18dBi 2Tilt458002Cost-Hata50(none)2122.6143



Table 2.3 Cell ParameterCoverage PredictionThe coverage areas are highlighted in the maps shown overleaf. There is also the traffic capacity, sites with altitudes as well as transmitters intended. ConclusionThe Preliminary Network Design provided in this report is to show the need for WCDMA Coverage and Capacity in Port Harcourt. It can been seen from this Preliminary Network Design that the installation of further BTS in Port Harcourt is of paramount importance in order to supply WCDMA Service as requested by Operator XXX.

Chapter 3 Issues in WCDMA Planning3.0 WCDMA NodeB Planning Challenges and Guidelines.2 2.1 Site Planning This section mainly describes all possible considerations in site selection of this plan as well as the work done in site selection. It is different in different periods of networking. The construction at the early stage is taken for the example. Site Selection Principle Please comply with the following principles during site selection: Perform traffic distribution prediction for target coverage areas and set sites in areas actually having traffic demands. Ensure continuity of WCDMA system NodeB coverage in areas with dense data services while taking the data service demands into full account. Take the effective coverage area of NodeB into full consideration so that the system can meet the coverage target requirements. Ensure coverage over important and dense areas, including important organs of the party, administration and army, traffic hinges like airports and railway stations, enterprise buildings, commercial centers, hotels and entertainment places, communication enterprises, residential communities and so on. Try to select the existent communication buildings as sites without affecting the NodeB layout so that the existing facilities such as the equipment room, power and iron tower can be fully utilized. Generally, do not set sites at the top of mountains at very high elevations in urban or suburban areas (the difference with the elevation of the urban area is above 100~300m). The purpose is to avoid capacity decrease caused by inter-cell interferences and reduce difficulties in engineering construction to facilitate maintenance. New NodeBs must be set up in places with convenient traffic, mains power supply and safe environment. Please keep them away from high-power radio transmitter stations, radar stations or other interference sources. New NodeBs must be kept away from trees to avoid RX signal attenuation. During site selection in mountainous areas, lake areas with steep banks or dense lake areas, hill cities and environments with high metal buildings, please pay attention to time dispersion influences. Please set sites as close to reflecting bodies as possible or turn the back of directional antennas towards reflecting bodies when the sites are far from them. During site selection among buildings in urban areas, flexibly utilize the building height to divide the network hierarchy. At the early stage of network construction when the number of sites is rare, sound coverage is ensured for important areas during site selection. During site selection, we avoid setting cell edges in areas with dense subscribers. One and only one main coverage cell must be available in order to achieve sound coverage. Avoid any obstruction to the near end of the NodeB antenna during site selection. Feeder System SelectionAntenna Types Selection This section mainly lists the antenna types in construction of various scenario and the antenna used practically. In radio network planning, antenna selection is of great importance. The planning in the respect of antenna application is as follows (Types shown in Table 7):Urban area: Since the NodeB distribution in urban areas is very dense, the coverage area of a single NodeB is required to be limited, thus reducing inter-cell coverage and inter-NodeB interference. Generally, in this case, the dual polarization antenna with the horizontal plane half-power beam width of 65, antenna gain of 15dBi and with a fixed tilt angle (6-9 recommended) must be adopted. Suburban area: The situation in suburban areas is more complicated, the possible antenna types required can be estimated according to the needed coverage area. If the NodeBs around are rare, the antenna with the horizontal plane half-power beam width of 90 must be adopted in precedence. If the NodeB distribution around is dense, please refer to the antenna selection principles for NodeBs in urban areas during antenna selection. In view of future smooth upgrade, it is not recommended to adopt any omni directional antenna. In addition, whether to use a tilt angle depends on the actual situation. Even if a tilt angle is used, it must be smaller generally. Rural area: Rural areas are characteristic of vast land but sparse population and few subscribers. In such areas, the requirement for coverage is higher. Please select the antenna with the horizontal plane half-power beam width of 90 or omni directional antenna to serve the purpose of wide coverage over rural areas. For directional antennas, the recommended gain is 18dBi; while for omni directional antennas, the recommended gain is 11dBi. Express way: In view of the characteristics of express ways (narrow and long), the antenna with the horizontal half-power beam width of 65 or 35 can be selected generally. The antenna gain can be 18dBi or 21dBi. In addition, the 8-shaped antenna can also be selected according to the actual situation. Generally, the gain of such antennas is 14dBi. Table 2.4 Antenna Stat. Antenna TypeManufacture Polarization ModeHorizontal half-power angle ()Antenna Gain (dBi)Planning Quantity

Feeder Types Selection This section mainly lists the feeder types in construction of various scenario. The general principle for feeder selection is as follows: Select 7/8 feeder when the length is less than 50m. In this case, the loss per meter is approximately 0.0611dB; while select 5/4 feeder when the length is more than or equal to 50m. In this case, the loss per meter is approximately 0.0443dB, as shown in Table 1. Feeder Types List Feeder TypeManufactureDimension TypeLoss(dB/100m)

Antenna Azimuth PlanningThis section describes the general principle and considerations of the antenna azimuth planning.For the antenna azimuth planning, the directions must be equal in the urban area, and the antennas in the suburban area and rural area point to the area with dense traffic or requiring special coverage. In the front of the local end of antenna, there is no blockings. When collocating with other systems, consider the inter-system separation.In the urban area, the antenna azimuth is based on 00, 1200, or 2400 (the mobile collocated site sets the antenna azimuth based on GSM antenna azimuth). Adjust certain cell as required. For details, see 0. In the suburban area and rural area, cover the area with dense traffic, and the azimuth is different dramatically. Table 2.5 Special Azimuth List Sector NameAzimuthConsideration on azimuth set

XXXX-130Obstructed by house in 00 direction

Antenna Downtilt PlanningThis section describes the general principle and considerations of antenna downtilt planning.In the WCDMA system, the antenna downtilt affects the cell coverage range, adjacent cell interference, and soft handoff ratio. If the downtilt is too large, the users at the cell edge are difficult to access the system. Consequently, the antenna lobe is distorted and the overlay coverage area larger to increase the soft handoff overhead and reduce the system capacity. If the downtilt is too small, the serious cross-cell coverage is present to increase the adjacent cell interference and soft handoff ratio but reduce the system capacity. Therefore, set an appropriate downtilt. See the following: Table 2.6 Downtilt listArea Mechanical downtilt (0)Remarks

Dense urban area4Adding 6c preset electrical tilt, that is, 10 c

Ordinary urban area7No electrical tilt

Suburban area3No electrical tilt

Rural area1No electrical tilt, from the perspective of directional electrical antenna

Adjust certain cell as required. For details, see 0.

Table 2.7 Special Downtilt List Sector NameScenarioMechanical DowntiltPreset Downtilt Consideration on downtilt set

XXXX-1Dense Urban Area 86Too high antenna hung 50 meters

NodeB Planning Please list the selected NodeB type and relevant parameters in this planning. In this planning the selected NodeBs are BTS3812 and BTS3802C. The key parameters are analyzed by comparison in the following table:Table 2.8 Key performance of NodeB analysis by comparison OptionBTS3812BTS3806BTS3802C

Work Frequency BandUp:1920-1980MHz,Down:2110-2170MHzUp:1920-1980MHz,Down:2110-2170MHzUp:1920-1980MHz,Down:2110-2170MHz

Capacity12FA6FA2FA

Static Noise Figure 2.2dB2.2Db2.2dB

Receive SensitivityBetter than -125dBmBetter than -126dBmBetter than -125dBm

Transmitted PowerSite top output with the single carrier wave225W(diversity)Site top output with the single carrier wave226W(diversity)210W(diversity)

Once Power -48Vrating(-40 --60V)-48Vrating(-40 --60V)220V AC(150V AC-300V AC)

Power Loss3*1transmit without diversity 1633W(typical value)1780W(maximum value)3*1transmit without diversity 1593W(typical value)1740W(maximum value)

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Concept of Huawei Radio Network Planning

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