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Concept & Principles

of Public Health

Nuning MK Masjkuri

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Definitions

Concept:

General idea underlying a class of

things

Principles:

Guiding rules

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Public Health?

Infant mortality

Maternal mortality

Life expectancy Crude death rate

Crude birth rate

Physician population ratio Access to health services

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Public Health?

1. Provision of save water supply &

sewage disposal

2. Immunization program

3. Screening for breast cancer

4. Prohibit smoking in public places5. Mandatory use of seat belt & helmet

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6. Chlorination of drinking water

7. Promote breast feeding8. Promoting healthy diet

9. Promoting safer sex

10. Infectious disease control

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Health state of the community

(population/public)

Intervention to promote the

health state of the community

(population)

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The natural history of disease

H

E

A

L

T

H

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Public?

Public = Population = Everybody

1. People living in a place

2. The whole collection of units from whicha sample is taken

3. A group of people that can be clearly

defined

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PH Concept

Objective & Interventions are Public

Dari KITA untuk KITA

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Herd Immunity

Need community participation

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Other examples

1. Not drinking and driving

2. Practicing safer sex

3. Participating in mass screening 4. Participating in immunization

5. Balance between diet & exercise

6. etc 7. etc

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DifferenceClinical

Public Health

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Difference

Treatment

Clinical Medication:Drugs/injection

PH : Programs

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Three core PH functions

1. Assess & monitor health of communities & pop

at riskhealth problems & priorities

2. Formulate public policies (with community &

gov. leaders) to set priority & solve3. Assure that all pop. have access to

appropriate & effective care, including health

promotion & disease prevention & evaluate

effectiveness of the care

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Disease process

Pre-pathogenesis Pathogenesis period

period

To reduce new To reduce duration To reduce complication

occurrence & severity & disability

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Principles

1. Based on the population (a collection

of individuals)

2. Focusing on Health Promotion &

Disease Prevention without belittling

curative & rehabilitative measures

3. Involving the community (community

participation/empowerment)

4. Through organized effort

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Definition of PH

The science & art of preventing disease,prolonging life & promoting physical health &efficiency through organized community effortsfor the sanitation of the environment, the control

of community infections, the education of theindividual in the principles of personal hygiene,the organization of medical & nursing service forthe early diagnosis & preventive treatment ofdisease, and the development of social

machinery which will ensure to every individualin the community a standard of living adequatefor the maintenance of health (Winslow 1920)

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What we as a society, do collectively to

assure the conditions in which people canbe healthy (Institute of Medicine 1988)

The science & art of preventing disease,

prolonging life & promoting health through

organized effort of society (Acheson1988)

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Society obligation to assure the conditions forpeoples health (Gostin 2001)

Government intervention in PH involves publicofficials taking appropriate measures pursuant

to specific legal authority . to protect thehealth of the public . The key element in PHis the role of the govt its power and

obligation to invoke mandatory or coercivemeasure to eliminate a threat to the publicshealth (Rothstein 2002)

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Government?

Only successful if:

1. The health of the pop is threatened

2. Government has power or expertise

3. The action of the gov. will be more

efficient/ beneficial

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Medical care & PH

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In the end

Patients need medical care when they are sick

Medical care is needed only part of the time

Public health professionals monitor anddiagnose the health concern of entire

communities & promote healthy practices &

behaviors in individuals to keep the population

healthycommunities need public health all of

the time in order to stay healthy

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C. Everett Koop