"Concept to Proliferation"A Case study on the solar biomass hybrid distributed power generation project at Shive village
Tushar PatilSolar Business GroupSolar Business Group
Thermax, India
Who We Are
Over four decades of experience in engineering sector with a core focus on energy and environment
INR 6100 crores in revenues 75 countries
Business Portfolio spread across 7 Core Categories
5000 Employees
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Boiler & Heater
• Package boilers
• Large capacity power boilers
• Thermal oil / water heaters
• Energy recovery systems
Turnkey Power Plants
• Solid fuel based• Gas based combined cycle
• Waste heat recovery based
• RE based incl. Biomass, Bagasse, solar, etc.
• O&M of power plants
Chemicals• Ion exchange resins
• Cooling water chemicals
• Fireside chemicals• Polyelectrolyte
Water and wastewater
• Wastewater & Effluent watertreatment systems
• Water recycling• Waste management
Enviro• ESP & Bag filters• Scrubbers• Mechanical Dust Collectors
• Air purification• Retrofit & Revamp
M Carbon• Energy audits• Carbon
assessment & CDM consulting
Cooling• Exhaust & Multi-energy fired chillers
• Steam fired chillers• Hot water fired chillers
• Direct fired chillers
Solar• Heating• Cooling• Decentralized Power
• CSP & PV EPC
Our Solar Expertise
We operate across the entire gamut of the Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic spectrum
Solar HeatingSolar HeatingSolar HeatingSolar Heating
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Solar Thermal PowerSolar Thermal PowerSolar Thermal PowerSolar Thermal Power----EPCEPCEPCEPC
BOP Equipment for CSPBOP Equipment for CSPBOP Equipment for CSPBOP Equipment for CSP
Solar Biomass Hybrid Solar Biomass Hybrid Solar Biomass Hybrid Solar Biomass Hybrid
Power SolutionsPower SolutionsPower SolutionsPower Solutions
Solar CoolingSolar CoolingSolar CoolingSolar Cooling
RoofRoofRoofRoof----top PV top PV top PV top PV
SolutionsSolutionsSolutionsSolutionsGridGridGridGrid----connected connected connected connected
CPV SolutionsCPV SolutionsCPV SolutionsCPV Solutions
India’s Growth Story
India’s phenomenal growth spurt is
stressing out the utilisation of our
vital energy resources
Rural India is set to take over the baton of growth
in the next decade
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Peak Power Scenario in India (GW)
India’s base load demand is fulfilled by the grid but there is a generation deficiency during peak load hours
Source: Planning Commission, McKinsey analysis
4
in the next decade
Source: McKinsey Global Institute–Oxford Economics
model; National Commission on Population, Office of
the Registrar General for Census of India; World
Market Monitor Global Insight; McKinsey analysis
The Power Deficit Scenario
Demand Vs Available supplyDemand Vs Available supplyDemand Vs Available supplyDemand Vs Available supply
GWGWGWGW
PeakingPeakingPeakingPeaking
BaseBaseBaseBase
2009200920092009 2012201220122012 2017 (E)2017 (E)2017 (E)2017 (E)
132
109 82
190
148
129 54
300
256
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79
53 27
82
109
108 117
8231
171 202
DemandDemandDemandDemand Available Available Available Available
SupplySupplySupplySupply
DemandDemandDemandDemand Available Available Available Available
SupplySupplySupplySupply
DemandDemandDemandDemand Available Available Available Available
SupplySupplySupplySupply
Peak Deficit Percent
Base Surplus Percent
17
4
22 15
8 18
World Average Per Capita
Electricity Consumption : 313 Watts per person
India’s Energy Conundrum
60% of India’s grid electricity comes from coal, which is in short supply
India’s Per Capita Electricity Consumption (2010) : 85 Watts per person
10% of India’s 6 lakh villages yet remain grid inaccessible
Of the remaining 90% villages,most face blackouts up to 18 hours everyday
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4.5 out of every 10 housesin rural areas are unelectrified
Of the remaining 90% villages,most face blackouts up to 18 hours everyday
Kerosene is used for home lighting
in nearly half of all rural homes
Households with access to electricity
Source : Argus Reports ,MStatistics , Govt. of India, CIAPress Information Bureau, Govt of India.
Distributed Generation
LightingLighting
HeatingHeating
CoolingCooling
Prime MoverPrime Mover
CoalCoal
GasGas
HydelHydel
WindWindGRID
SolarSolar
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Distributed Generation Benefits
Energy Cost Savings
Deferred Generation
Reduced T&D losses
Reliability Benefits
Supply Flexibility
Energy Quality Benefits
Prime Mover
TractionTraction
Wind
NuclearNuclear
Hybridised Distributed Generation
However, not all energy sources are perfectly suitable for a decentralised grid purpose
Grid Power Solar Renewable Biomass Power
FlexiblePerennialCheap
CumbersomePilferage problems
AbundantLow maintenanceEnergy Security
Capital IntensiveDifficult to Harvest
Modular Flexible Generation
Limited resource
DG Sets
Less Capital IntensiveReady Availability
PollutingCostly in the long term
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Hybridised Distributed Generation holds the key to solving all these shortcomings.
Biomass Generation
SolarField
GRIDGRID
Steam Turbine, Grid Evacuation Equipment
Balance of
Plant
The True cost of electricity delivery is even high compared to the actual price that we paydue to high capex in distribution infra/kWh used , high opex/kWh used and trasmission loss due to longer lines/kWh used
Advantages of a Solar-Biomass Hybrid System
Optimum Land Area UtilisationA hybrid system, by design uses land more optimally than conventional solar renewable energy sources
Less Capital IntensiveThan conventional solar systems with similar autonomy
A hybrid solar-biomass system is inherently superior as it utilises the best features of both renewable forms of energy
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A Solar-Biomass hybrid plant has easier vistas for integration into other processes that use
hot water/ pressurised steam Cold Storage | Comfort Cooling | Space Heating
Better Energy Security
Flexibility in Electricity GenerationCreation of Local Job Opportunities
Shive is the typical Indian village in Khed taluka, Maharashtra,
57 kms from Pune
The project was funded by the
Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India
Population : 3500, Population : 3500, 500+ households500+ households
Agricultural EconomyAgricultural Economy
Water AvailabilityWater Availability
Abundant radiationAbundant radiation
The Shive Project : Broad Outlook
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Poor Grid Poor Grid ConnectivityConnectivity
Daily blackouts of up to 14 hoursDaily blackouts of up to 14 hours
Scarce industryScarce industryLabour migrationLabour migration
No Cold StorageNo Cold StorageWastage of agricultural produceWastage of agricultural produce
Solar field
System Configuration Schematic
Steam Driven Turbine
Solar Island Power Island Grid
Solar Thermal Concentration Device
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BoilerAgro-waste
Vapor Absorption Cooling M/C
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
Solar Accumulator
Thermal Island
The Solar Field Clusters
Cluster B
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Cluster A
Development of the indigenous parabolic trough
• Medium temperature
• Low cost
• Easy to manufacture Corrosion Resistant
Aluminium Reflectors
Reflective Coatings and Anti-dust Coatings
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Tracking Motors& Embedded Controls
ReceiverSelective Coatings
Grid Connectivity
11kV OH Line
Shive Village High Tension Line
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Existing MSEDCL step-down transformer
Meters,Billing collection byGram Panchayat
Power To Users
Solar Thermal Power Plant
Solar Biomass Hybrid Power Plant
Solar Power Plant with 415 V to 11 kV step up transformer to feed into HT line
The Prime Drivers for the Shive Project
Proof of Concept Demonstration
The Shive hybrid project was conceived to successfully demonstrate that a hybrid plant can be viably and reliably run for distributed generation
Socio Economic Technology
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Shive’s Solar-
Biomass Hybrid
Power Plant
Socio Economic Impact
The dual social aims of the pilot project were to benefit the local population and support avenues for further social development including schools and industry.
Technology
The aims of the project included benefiting from
technology collaborations, increase
our market understanding, to further develop our offerings and
also cement Thermaxs’ foray into this field
Targets & Achievements
Rugged DesignRugged Design
ScalabilityScalability
IndigenisationIndigenisation
Operational Flexibility1. Multiple modes of operation: Solar only /
Biomass only / Solar-Biomass combine2. Simple & Easy Operation & Maintenance
fulfilled by local labour3. Biomass backup for sunless hours
Technology1. Collaboration & Tie ups with reputed European
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Tech Demonstration Tech Demonstration
Rural AdaptabilityRural Adaptability
CollaborationsCollaborations
EfficiencyEfficiency
1. Collaboration & Tie ups with reputed European and Indian research organisations
2. Product conceived, designed , patents filed3. Plant commercialised within 24 months
Robustness1. Proof of concept of a hybrid plant suitable for
rural distributed generation.2. All materials indigenised & procured locally.3. Plant is customisable easily for cold storage
purpose4. Numerous local job Avenues generated.
The Technology Firsts
India’s FirstSolar-Biomass Hybrid Power Plant
Dual Axis Common Drive
Parabolic
First IBR approved Solar Boiler system for power
generation
Remote pump operation using mobile technology
recognized by
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Parabolic Trough
Boiler system for power generation
recognized by DST/Lockheed Martin
Non-evacuated receiver tube technology
Completely Modular Configuration
Pioneering serial arrangement of turbines
Direct Steam Generation
Shive project’s Other notable achievements…
3 Patents filed to date
The Vital Statistics
18,00,000 kWhrCapacity to generate electricity and generated for one year.
Upto 500+ Rural Homes 100+ Agricultural Pumpsets Up to 50 Small Buildings
Our system has been proven to reliably run anything from ..
Note: 1 fan and 2 bulbs for each home at 150 W for an entire year
Note : At 750W per pump set run for 6 hours daily, for an entire year
Note : At 2000W load run for 18 hours daily, for an entire year
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Effectively,in one year..
1100+tonnes of
coal saved from being used for electricity generation
Source: CERC, New Delhi ReportSpecific Coal Consumption:
0.63kg/Kwh
1450+
tonnes of
CO2 displaced
CO2 displaced : 0.82 kg/kWh
Finally, a sustainable,
reliable & robust
Rural DisGenalternative
home at 150 W for an entire year for 6 hours daily, for an entire year hours daily, for an entire year
Learnings
Development Phase
Construction Phase
• Maharashtra Pollution Control Board
• Ministry of Environment & Forests
• MSEB – Grid Connectivity
• IBR Approval
Approvals & Clearances
• Lack of ground level data - increased risk premium
• Project Structuring & Scheduling
• Risk mitigation
Financing
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Implementation Phase
Operational Phase
• Difficulty in PT installation due to uneven land profile
• Integration of system equipment and of parabolic troughs in two clusters
• Lack of EPC expertise for solar biomass hybrid plant
• Need for Customization of STG for desired capacity
• Inability to estimate exact capacity due to lack of load-side consumption data
Design & Engineering
• Lack of relevant O&M expertise for solar biomass hybrid plant
• Difficulty in performance measurement & accurate metering
• Inability to predict exact operation model – lack of load-side data
Operations & Maintenance
Levelised Cost of electricity
9.49.49.49.4
15.2515.2515.2515.25
16.816.816.816.8
18.518.518.518.5
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
15
20
25INR Cr. / MW
INR / kWh
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9.49.49.49.4
8.38.38.38.37.27.27.27.2
4.54.54.54.5 5.05.05.05.05.45.45.45.4
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
0
5
10
2012 2014 2016
Solar-Biomass LEC (@ 14% ROE) Grid Tariff Escalation (Thermax Estimates @ 10% YOY escalation) DG Power Cost
INR
INR
Assumptions for Solar Biomass LECDebt : Equity– 70:30Interest Rate– 10%REC rate of Rs.2 considered per kWh
Stakeholdership Models
Thermax
• Project conceptualization• DPR & financial modeling support
• System design & detailed engineering
• Equipment supplies and integration
• Project management• O&M process definition and training
• Project conceptualization• DPR & financial modeling support
• System design & detailed engineering
• Equipment supplies and integration
• Project management• O&M process definition and training
• Project identification
• DPR & financial modeling
• Community
• Project identification
• DPR & financial modeling
• Community
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Local Representative
BodyPartner
Multiple Operational
DissgenPlants • Land for the project as
FOC• Biomass/bio-waste supplies
• Complete ownership of O&M over medium term with minimal external support
• Land for the project as FOC
• Biomass/bio-waste supplies
• Complete ownership of O&M over medium term with minimal external support
• Community engagement
• Government liasoning for clearances and funding releases
• Financing• Rural development programs
• O&M ownership
• Community engagement
• Government liasoning for clearances and funding releases
• Financing• Rural development programs
• O&M ownership
Project Economics and Viability•Green funds, soft loans to be made available Rural DISSGEN
Local Community Engagement
•Willingness and participation
Technology & EPC
• Solar biomass hybrid configuration• Solar field development • Integration with biomass• ORC/STG integration • O&M model developed & processes
established
Proliferating the Shive Model for Rural Electrification
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available•Technology demonstration & cost rationalization to push costs down•Multiple demonstration projects across geographies•Economies of scale•Stable demand & manufacturing capacity
Rural DISSGEN Power Solutions
•Willingness and participation of the beneficiary rural population•High ownership during implementation & O&M•Infrastructure, land, biomass support for the projectRegulatory & Policy Support
• Grid connectivity for tail end projects• Present schemes like DDG to be
revisited & revived• Appropriate push at the SNA level• REC benefits for solar biomass projects
defined• RPO guidelines enforced• Single window clearance
The Way Forward
Strategy 3:Hybrid solar with large
Small sized (DisGen plants) Strategy 4:
Small sized (DisGen plants) in large numbers with & w/o grid
connectivity
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Hybrid solar with large sized Thermal Power Plants
Strategy 2:Large sized CSP plants
- for high DNI areas
Strategy 1: Direct solar energy plants
(Cooling &Heating)
SR8
Slide 23
SR8 Colour SchemeShraddha Ramamurthy, 11/27/2012
