CONCEPTS OF CITIZENSHIP

Presented by:MARIA WENDY MENDOZA-SOLOMO

THE MEANING OF CITIZENSHIP

Ancient Concepts of Citizenship

Citizenship is being touted to have originated in Greece,

which originated from the concept of democracy.

BRIEF HISTORY OFANCIENT GREECE

ON DEMOCRACY

GREEKS

It was granted by birth together with a double affirmation, one by the mother, another by the Assembly member.

If the latter opposed it, the infant was killed.

451 BC- a law which proposed that offspring between Greek male citizens and foreign women could not become citizens,

Reason: help curb the numbers of the exploding population numbers.

ARISTOTLE - defines citizenship as "he who has the

power to take part in the deliberative or judicial administration of any state.“

Greeks enjoyed the privilege of being governed by democracy; their government was made up of commoners, and they were allowed freedom of speech to a large extent through public speaking rights.

ROMANS

- developed on the concept of citizenship to distinguish their original citizens (Romans) from the citizens of their conquests.

Roman citizens enjoyed the right to vote, the right to serve in the civil service and the right for military service.

All who were born to Roman fathers, even if they had foreign mothers, were acknowledged to be Roman citizens. Citizenship could also be granted by generals and emperors.

Expansion of the Roman Empire

- brought Roman citizenship to extend over the people of their provinces as well. Those who lived in autonomous regions

could claim citizenship, but still lacked the right to vote.

Citizenship brought about many benefits.

Eventually though, citizenship became less emphasized, especially when military service became optional.

MODERN CONCEPT OF CITIZENSHIP in a DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY

- is the state of being a citizen of a particular social, political, or national community.

In a democracy, the source of all authority -- the legitimate basis of all power -- is the collective body of the people, the citizens of the polity. There is popular sovereignty of the citizens and thereby government by consent of the governed. A citizen is a full and equal member of a polity, such as a democratic nation-state (Mouffe 1995, 217). 

CRITERIA FOR CITIZENSHIP

In some states or countries, citizenship, the condition of being a citizen, is based on the place of a person's birth, which is known as "jus soli" citizenship.

CRITERIA FOR CITIZENSHIP

In other places, the status of citizen is based on the citizenship of one's parents, which is known as "jus sanguinis" citizenship.

CRITERIA FOR CITIZENSHIP

Some countries use both bases for ascribing citizenship. Further, most democratic states have established legal procedures by which people without a birthright to citizenship can become naturalized citizens. 

DUTIES OF RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP

Paying taxes, Serving in the country's armed

forces when called upon, Obeying laws enacted by

one's representatives in government,

DUTIES OF RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIPDemonstrating commitment and

loyalty to the democratic political community and state,

Constructively criticizing the conditions of political and civic life, and

Participating to improve the quality of political and civic life.

HOW CITIZENS TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR RIGHTS

Respect the rights of others. Defend their own rights and

the rights of others against those who would abuse them.

Exercise their rights in order to make democracy work.

HOW TO TEACH ABOUT CITIZENSHIP IN A DEMOCRACY

The concept of citizenship is a key to comprehension of what democracy is and how it works.

WHAT TO FOCUS:

Students involved in education for democracy need to know:

1. what citizenship is, how it is acquired or lost in various political systems,

2. what rights, responsibilities, and duties are entailed by it, and

3. how it is connected to the institutions of particular nation-states, especially their own. 

But students need to move beyond conceptual understanding to learning experiences that develop

participatory skills and civic dispositions for exercising the rights and carrying out the responsibilities and duties of citizenship in a democracy.

Three types of participatory skills:Interacting MonitoringInfluencing

INTERACTING

- pertains to skills of communication and cooperation in political and civic life.

MONITORING

- involves skills needed to track the work of political leaders and institutions of government.

Party Lists

INFLUENCING

- refers to skills used to affect outcomes in political and civic life, such as the resolution of public issues.

CIVIC DISPOSITIONS

Traits of character:• Civility • Sociability • Self-restraint • Trust• Honesty

Examples of Civic Dispositions

• Compassion a sense of duty• A sense of political efficacy• Capacity for cooperation• Tolerance

Traits of character:

• Loyalty • courage• Respect for the worth• Dignity of each person• Concern for the common

good

HOW TO DEVELOP PARTICIPATORY SKILLS AND CIVIC DISPOSITIONS NEEDED FOR

EFFECTIVE AND RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP

Student participation in democratically conducted

student organizations. 

HOW TO DEVELOP PARTICIPATORY SKILLS AND CIVIC DISPOSITIONS NEEDED FOR EFFECTIVE AND RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP

School-based community service that is connected

systematically to the school's curriculum and classroom

instruction.

HOW TO DEVELOP PARTICIPATORY SKILLS AND CIVIC DISPOSITIONS NEEDED FOR EFFECTIVE AND RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP

Cooperative learning activities in which groups of students

cooperate to pursue a common goal, such as

inquiring about a public issue or responding to a community

problem. 

DEFICIENCIES OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN LEARNING ABOUT RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP

DEFICIENCIES OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN LEARNING ABOUT RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP

A rudimentary knowledge of government and citizenship.

Fail to demonstrate knowledge needed for responsible participation in the political system.

DEFICIENCIES OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN LEARNING ABOUT RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP

Weak orientation by adolescents toward voluntary service for the community

Express low levels of political interest and efficacy

Violations of civic laws

WHAT CAN BE DONE AT HOME?

“Parents and guardians are the child's first and most

influential teachers of civic values and

attitudes.”

WAYS ON HOW PARENTS AND GUARDIANS CAN ENHANCE THE CHILD'S LEARNING OF CITIZENSHIP RESPONSIBILITIES

Set a good example by participating in the political system and volunteering for community service projects. 

Show interest in civic affairs and government through initiation of conversations at dinner time or in response to television programs about current events. 

WAYS ON HOW PARENTS AND GUARDIANS CAN ENHANCE THE CHILD'S LEARNING OF CITIZENSHIP RESPONSIBILITIES Require children to perform duties regularly at

home as lessons in the value of contributing to the common good of their family unit. 

Encourage children to take part in community service projects, such as neighborhood clean-up or beautification activities, re-cycling of materials to conserve natural resources, and tutoring of younger children with learning problems.

WAYS ON HOW PARENTS AND GUARDIANS CAN ENHANCE THE CHILD'S LEARNING OF CITIZENSHIP RESPONSIBILITIESProvide civic learning resources in the

home--books, magazines, newspapers--and use them with children. 

Transmit and reinforce the civic values of our constitutional democracy through discussions, exemplary behavior, and use of fair rules for orderly family life. 

WAYS ON HOW PARENTS AND GUARDIANS CAN ENHANCE THE CHILD'S LEARNING OF CITIZENSHIP RESPONSIBILITIES

Monitor and reinforce at home lessons in school about the responsibilities of citizenship. 

WHAT CAN BE DONE AT SCHOOL?

After the family, the school has a major effect on the civic attitudes of children. It is the primary agency for teaching knowledge about politics and government.

WAYS ON HOW TO ENHANCE EDUCATION ABOUT CITIZENSHIP RESPONSIBILITIES AT SCHOOL  Increase the amount of time that all

students are involved in civic education at all levels of school. 

Infuse lessons about the responsibilities of citizenship into all subjects of the curriculum at all levels of schooling, with special emphasis in the social studies and literature courses. 

WAYS ON HOW TO ENHANCE EDUCATION ABOUT CITIZENSHIP RESPONSIBILITIES AT SCHOOLRequire students to read, analyze, and

discuss cases and stories about people involved in the civic life of their communities in the past and present. 

Establish cooperative learning experiences in which groups of students take responsibility for their own achievement of educational objectives. 

Involve students in simulations and role playing activities about various aspects of civic responsibilities. 

Emphasize lessons about the civic values of our constitutional democracy at all levels of schooling through role modeling, reading and writing assignments, and open discussion of public issues and current events. 

WAYS ON HOW TO ENHANCE EDUCATION ABOUT CITIZENSHIP RESPONSIBILITIES AT SCHOOL

Establish school-based programs for performance of community service as a regular part of the civics curriculum. 

Make assignments that require students to write

letters to government officials or newspapers to advocate opinions about public issues and policies. 

WAYS ON HOW TO ENHANCE EDUCATION ABOUT CITIZENSHIP RESPONSIBILITIES AT SCHOOLMake assignments that require students to

participate in political activities outside the classroom. 

THE END

THANK YOU!