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Yogini Barot

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Management is the process of optimizing human,

material & financial contributions for the

achievement of organizational goals.

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Management is present every time and everywhere.

Harold Koontz and Heinz Weihrich def:

theprocess of designing and maintaining an

environment in which individuals, working together

in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims.

Management is an essential tool for any

organization.

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Purpose of management to formulate effective

organizational strategies and to achieve them

efficiently

Deals with internal and external environment Concerned with all resources

Functions include: planning, organizing, directing,

controlling

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Managerial skills and organizational hierarchy

Supervisory Level

Middle Level

TopLevel

Technical Skills

Human Skills

Conceptual skills

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To achieve OST M: Mission O: Objective S Strategies T Tactics

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Internal Environment: Organizational structure

Finance

Marketing

Production Human Resource

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External Environment:

Social and culture

Technical

Economical

Political

Natural

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Science : Developed systematically, observation,

measurement, experimentation.

Management knowledge is developed through

observation, measurement and experimentation. Management cannot be equated with exact science

like physics, chemistry.

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Art :-is understanding how a particular activity can

be done.

Art -> conscious effort and practice.

Management -> continuously analyse environmentand formulate plans and strategies.

Management have to modify the strategies based on

environmental changes.

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A profession should satisfy the following:

Body of Knowledge

Development & updating the knowledge

Professional Journals

Professional Associations

Code of Conduct

Specialised Educational Qualifications

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Administration: Involves policy making, formulation of vision, mission,

objectives and strategies

Is a function of top management. It decides organizational

structure and prepares organizational plans

Management:

Involves executing the plans and strategies and carrying out

various activities determined by Administration

Directs and controls subordinates Is a function of lower level people in company

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According to Peter F. Drucker

Administration:

Governance of non-profit organization

Measured by efficiency in rendering services

Management:

Governance of business organization

Measured by the efficiency in profit making

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According to E.F.L. Branch

Management is a comprehensive and integrated term. It includes planning,

organizing, directing and controlling. It can be classified into two

categories:

1. Administrative Management

Represents top level management pertaining thinking and planning function.

Performs the function of formulation of vision, mission and strategies

2. Operative Management

Represents lower level management covering execution and implementation function

Performs the function of execution, directing and controlling which involves the

contribution of middle level manager and lower level managers

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PLANNING:

Involves selecting missions and objectives as well as the actions to achieve them.

It is a decision making process

Choosing a future course of action from different alternatives.

ORGANIZING:

It is an establishment of intentional structure of roles for people to fill in an

organization

The purpose of an organization structure is to help create an environment for human

performance

It simple means assignment of roles, duties, responsibilities to achieve the goal.

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Formal Authority & Status

Interpersonal Roles1. Figurehead

2. Leader

3. Liaison

Informational Roles1. Monitor

2. Disseminator

3. Spokesman

Decisional Roles1. Entrepreneur

2. Disturbance Handler

3. Resource Allocator

4. Negotiator

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1. FigureheadPerforms ceremonial and symbolic duties such as

greeting visitors, signing legal documents

2. LeaderDirect and motivate subordinates, training,counseling, and communicating with subordinates

3.LiasonMaintain information links both inside and outside

organization; use mail, phone calls, meetings

INFORMATIONAL

1. MonitorSeek and receive information, scan periodicals

and reports, maintain personal contacts2. DisseminatorForward information to other organization

members; send memos and reports, make phone calls

3. SpokespersonTransmit information to outsiders throughspeeches, reports, memos

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Entrepreneur Searches the corporation and its environment for projects to improve

product, process, procedure and structure

Supervisesthe design and implementation of projects

Disturbance Handler Takes corrective actions in times of disturbances or crisis

Resource Allocator

Allocates corporate resourcesby making and/or approving decisions

Negotiator

Represents the corporation in negotiating important agreements

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